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GCSE PE > Health Fitness and Well-being > Flashcards

Health Fitness and Well-being Flashcards

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1
Q

Define well-being.

A

Well-being describes a state of physical, mental (emotional) and social health.

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2
Q

Identify a benefit of being physically healthy.

A

Physically fit people are more likely to fight off illness.

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3
Q

Identify a benefit of being emotionally healthy.

A

Acts as a distraction to the stresses and tension caused by school/work.

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4
Q

Identify a benefit of being socially healthy.

A

Meet old friends or make new friends as sport/exercise is a common interest.

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5
Q

Define fitness

A

Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment.

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6
Q

Identify a positive effect of fitness on your emotional health.

A

You feel happier and more confident.

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7
Q

Identify a positive effect of fitness on your physical health.

A

Reduces the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes.

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8
Q

Identify a negative effect of fitness on your emotinal health.

A

Pressure of performance can lead to psychological problems.

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9
Q

Identify a negative effect of fitness on your physical health.

A

Exercise can be addicting which can lead to overtraining which puts you at risk of sustaining injury.

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10
Q

Identify the two lifestyle choices that can affect your health.

A

Diet and levels of physical activity.

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11
Q

Identify one effect of an unhealthy diet on your health.

A

Increase in body weight and fat.

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12
Q

Identify one effect of an inactive lifestyle on your health

A

Low self-esteem, anxiety and depression.

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13
Q

Identify one effect of a healthy diet on your health.

A

Reduces stress and risk of disease.

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14
Q

Identify one effect of an active lifestyle on your health.

A

Lower risk of mental-health conditions.

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15
Q

Identify the four main substances found in cigarettes.

A

Nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, tobacco.

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16
Q

Identify a potential side effect of tar.

A

Tar is left behind in lungs which damages cells and can cause block gaseous exchange.

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17
Q

What substance is found in cigarettes make it difficult for people to quit?

A

Nicotine.

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18
Q

Explain the disadvantages of smoking when participating in physical activity.

A

During exercise smokers often suffer a shortness of breath and are at risk of heart attacks.

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19
Q

Identify four effects of excessive alcohol consumption.

A

Lack of co-ordination, health problems, sickness and decreased reaction time.

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20
Q

Explain how a lack of co-ordination can have a negative effect on performance.

A

A golfer would not be able to strike the golf ball as well as they normally do.

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21
Q

Explain how a decreased reaction time can have a negative effect on performance.

A

A sprinter would be slower out the blocks after the gun goes off.

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22
Q

Identify a potential long term effect of excessive alcohol consumption.

A

Liver damage and several different forms of cancer including, throat cancer.

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23
Q

What is the recommended maximum intake of alcohol (units)?

A

Men= 3-4, Women = 2-3 units.

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24
Q

Define underweight

A

Weighing less than normal, healthy or required.

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25
Q

Define overweight

A

Weighing more than the ideal weight for your height.

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26
Q

Define overfat

A

Having more than the ideal amount of body fat.

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27
Q

Define obese

A

Weighing significantly more than the ideal weight for your body height and having an excess of body fat.

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28
Q

Define optimum weight.

A

Optimum weight is the best or desirable weight that an athlete performs at.

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29
Q

Define optimum weight

A

Optimum weight is the best or desirable weight that an athlete performs at.

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30
Q

Identify five effects on optimum weight

A

Muscle girth, bone structure, genes, height and gender.

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31
Q

What effect does height usually have on your weight?

A

Usually the taller you are the more you weigh.

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32
Q

Identify a sport that might have performers of two different optimum weights playing together.

A

Rugby; the prop forward and the winger will be different weights and body compositions.

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33
Q

Identify the main role of carbohydrates within our diet.

A

Provide energy.

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34
Q

what percentage of a balanced diet should be carbohydrates?

A

50%

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35
Q

Identify the main role of fats within our diet.

A

Provides warmth and protects organs.

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36
Q

What percentage of a balanced diet should be fats?

A

25%

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37
Q

Identify the main role of proteins within our diet.

A

Growth and repair of muscle tissue.

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38
Q

What percentage of a balanced diet should be protein?

A

15%

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39
Q

Identify the main role of water within our diet.

A

Hydration, carries nutrients, removes waste products and regulates body temperature.

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40
Q

How many litres of water should you drink a day ?

A

2 litres

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41
Q

Identify the main role of fibre within our diet.

A

Helps us go to the toilet, speeds up digestion.

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42
Q

Give two different minerals, found in either dairy and in meat.

A

Calcium (Dairy) and Iron (Meat).

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43
Q

Identify the main role of vitamins within our diet.

A

Combats disease and illness.

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44
Q

An athlete eats excess amounts of carbohydrates prior to exercise, what is this called?

A

Carbo-loading.

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45
Q

Identify an athlete who might eat a lot of protein.

A

Body builders and weight lifters.

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46
Q

Explain why athletes might consume a high protein diet.

A

To speed up the repair of muscle tissue injuries.

47
Q

identify an athlete who might carbo-load.

A

Endurance athletes; marathon, Tour de France, or triathlon.

48
Q

Identify the two forms of mental preparation for performance

A

Psychological warm-up and mental rehearsal.

49
Q

Explain a psychological warm-up.

A

When a performer gets mentally prepared to give their very best for the performance ahead.

50
Q

Explain mental rehearsal.

A

When athletes think about the skills before they perform it. Used for closed skills that have preparation time.

51
Q

Give a sporting example of mental rehearsal.

A

Golf; mentally rehearsing and lining up a putt.

52
Q

Identify the four types of feedback.

A

Intrinsic, extrinsic, concurrent and terminal.

53
Q

Describe intrinsic feedback

A

Information a performer receives about their performance that comes from within.

54
Q

Describe extrinsic feedback.

A

Information a performer receives about their performance that comes from an external source.

55
Q

Describe concurrent feedback.

A

Information a performer receives about their performance during the activity.

56
Q

Describe terminal feedback

A

Information a performer receives about their performance after it has happened.

57
Q

Identify a benefit of feedback.

A

Feedback can help the performer reflect on and improve their performance.

58
Q

Identify the four types of guidance.

A

Visual, verbal, manual and mechanical.

59
Q

Describe manual guidance

A

Information given to a performer that involves them being physically moved into the correct position.

60
Q

Identify an advantage of manual guidance.

A

Allows the performer to feel and experience the skills correct technique.

61
Q

Describe mechanical guidance

A

Information given to a performer that involves equipment being used to assist the learning process.

62
Q

Identify an advantage of mechanical guidance

A

Good to build confidence of dangerous skills.

63
Q

Identify four types of guidance

A

Visual, verbal, manual and mechanical.

64
Q

Describe visual guidance.

A

Information given to a performer that they can see.

65
Q

Identify an advantage of visual guidance.

A

Performers can see what is required.

66
Q

Describe verbal guidance.

A

Information given to a performer that they can see.

67
Q

Identify an advantage of verbal guidance.

A

Good to highlight key teaching points and techniques.

68
Q

What does each letter in the SMART acronym stand for?

A

Specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound.

69
Q

Define specific.

A

The target must have a define focus on developing an aspect of performance.

70
Q

Define measurable.

A

The performer needs to know when their target has been achieved.

71
Q

Define achievable.

A

The target should be challenging but within reach of the performer.

72
Q

Define realistic.

A

It should be possible for the performer to actually reach their target if they work hard and progress.

73
Q

Define time-bound.

A

The target needs a time limit.

74
Q

Identify a benefit of setting goals an targets

A

Increased motivation.

75
Q

Identify four types of goal setting.

A

Short-term goal, long term, performance and outcome goals.

76
Q

Give an example of a short term goal.

A

3 goals in 3 games.

77
Q

Give an example of a long term goal.

A

Qualify for the Olympics.

78
Q

Give an example of a performance goal.

A

Improve shooting success in next basketball game.

79
Q

Give an example of an outcome goal.

A

Win a gold medal at the next competition.

80
Q

Identify four types of practice structures.

A

Fixed. variable, massed and distributed.

81
Q

Describe fixed practice.

A

Repeatedly practicing a whole skill.

82
Q

Describe variable practice.

A

Frequent changes of task, repeated skill but in different ways.

83
Q

Describe massed practice.

A

Practice with no breaks.

84
Q

Describe distributed practice.

A

Practice with breaks for rest, mental rehearsal or feedback.

85
Q

Identify the two extreme classifications of the organisation level continuum.

A

Low-organisation and high-organisation.

86
Q

How are skills considered on the organisation level continuum?

A

Consider how tight knitted the sub-routines are together.

87
Q

Describe low-organisation skills.

A

A basic skill that can easily be broken down into sub-routines.

88
Q

Describe high-organisation skills.

A

A skill that cannot be broken down easily.

89
Q

Give a sporting example of a low-organisational skill.

A

Swimming.

90
Q

Give a sporting example of a high-organisational skill.

A

Golf swing.

91
Q

Define gamesmanship.

A

Bending the rules/laws of a sport without actually breaking them.

92
Q

Give a sporting example of gamesmanship.

A

Trying to trip someone up off the ball to gain an advantage.

93
Q

Define sportsmanship.

A

The qualities of fairness, following the rules and being gracious in defeat or victory.

94
Q

Give a sporting example of sportsmanship.

A

Shaking hands after a game or a guard of honour.

95
Q

Define deviant behaviour.

A

Behaviour that goes against the moral values or rules of a sport.

96
Q

Give a sporting example of deviant behaviour.

A

Taking performance enhancing drugs or match fixing.

97
Q

Give an advantage of commercialism on the sport.

A

Prize funds and rewards for winning are bigger.

98
Q

Give a disadvantage of commercialism on the sport.

A

Sports become dependent upon the money from the media and sponsors.

99
Q

Give an advantage of commercialism on the performer.

A

Media turn players into celebrities and role models.

100
Q

Give a disadvantage of commercialism on the performer.

A

Can increase pressure on performers and reduce performer’s enjoyment.

101
Q

Give an advantage of commercialism on the spectators.

A

More coverage, highlights and reports increase education of fans.

102
Q

Give a disadvantage of commercialism on the spectators.

A

More spectators/fans stay at home to watch it on TV.

103
Q

Define commercialism.

A

Commercialism is the act of making something available to purchase.

104
Q

Give an example of commercialism in sport.

A

Energy drink company Red Bull now sponsor a football team, Formula 1 team, a sailing team and many extreme sports events.

105
Q

Identify three business opportunities in sport causing commercialism.

A

Sponsorship, advertising and merchandise.

106
Q

Identify three sources of media that show more sport through commercialism.

A

TV, newspaper and social media.

107
Q

Identify the five personal factors that can affect participation in sports.

A

Gender, age, socio-economic group, ethnicity and disability.

108
Q

Explain how socio-economic group can affect participation in sports.

A

Socio-economic group is determined by income, income can often determine what sports you can afford to participate in.

109
Q

Explain how ethnicity can affect participation in sports.

A

Due to a lack of ethnic minority performers and role models, and ongoing racism problems in sport.

110
Q

Explain how disabilities can affect participation in sports.

A

Before London 2012, there was a lack of role models and media coverage.

111
Q

Identify the five personal factors that can affect participation in sport.

A

Gender, age, socio-economic group, ethnicity and disability.

112
Q

Explain how gender can affect participation in sport.

A

Traditionally sports are categorised into girls and boys activities and boys have had more opportunities to participate.

113
Q

Explain how age can affect participation in sports .

A

Some sports are better suited to different age groups and some events have age restrictions.

114
Q

What percentage of men participation in more sports than females each week?

A

10% more men than females.

GCSE PE (6 decks)

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