Cardio-Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the three roles of the Cardiovascular System?
Transport, Heal and control.
Describe how the Cardiovascular system transports?
Heart pumps blood around the body which contains oxygen, nutrients and water.
Define Vasodilation?
When blood gets too hot the blood vessels close to the skin get bigger increasing in diameter.
Define Vasoconstriction?
If the blood gets too cold the blood vessels close to the skin get smaller, decreasing in diameter.
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four chambers
Identify the four chambers of the heart?
Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
What is the name of the wall that separates both sides of the heart?
Septum
Which side of the heart is the Tricuspid valve on?
Right side
What is the purpose of valves in the heart?
To prevent the back flow of blood
What is the role of the blood vessels?
Work together to transport blood around the body.
Where in the body does blood become oxygenated?
In the lungs during Gaseous Exhange
Through which blood vessel does oxygenated blood leave the heart?
Aorta (Artery)
Through which blood vessel does de-oxygenated blood return to the heart?
Vena Cava (Vein)
Identify the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, capillaries and Veins
Identify the role of an Artery?
Carry blood away from the heart.
Identify the role of a Vein?
Carry blood to the heart.
Identify the role of a Capillary?
Allow the exchange of Carbon dioxide and Oxygen.
Identify a characteristic of an Artery?
Strong elastic walls, high pressured blood.
Identify a characteristic of a Vein?
Thinner walls than arteries, valves to keep blood carrying in the correct direction.
What four components make up blood?
Red blood cells, White blood cells, Plasma and Platelets
Describe the role of red blood cells?
Contain Haemaglobin that carries and delivers oxygen around the body and to working muscles.
Describe the role of White blood cells?
Defend the body from infection.
Describe the function of the Diaphragm during inspiration?
Diaphragm contracts and flattens ad pulls the bottom of the lungs down.
Describe the function of the intercostal muscles during inspiration?
Intercostal muscles contract and pull the ribs down and lungs outwards.
Explain what happens to the size of the lungs during insipration and expiration?
Lungs increase in size during inspiration and decrease in size during expiration.
How much of the air that we inhale is made up of Oxygen?
21% Oxygen
Define Gaseous exchange?
The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and the removal of carbon dioxide from the tissues.
What characteristics of alveoli and capillaries allows Gaseous exchange to occur?
Thin walls which allow for gases to pass through (Diffusion)
During exercise what happens to the frequency of gaseous exchange?
The frequency increases as the body requires more oxygen and the body produces more carbon dioxide.
Identify the two types of energy production?
Aerobic and Anaerobic energy production
Describe Aerobic exercise?
Working at a low to moderate intensity. The body has time to use oxygen to produce energy.
Describe Anaerobic exercise?
Working at a high intensity without oxygen. Production of energy is limited.
Identify a bi-product of anaerobic energy production?
Lactic Acid
What can build up as a result of Lactic acid?
Muscle soreness, muscle aches and cramp
What two nutrients can be used as an energy source in aerobic energy production?
Carbohydrates and Fats
