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MIDTERMS - HISTO LAB > Muscular Tissues Part 2 > Flashcards

Muscular Tissues Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

outer layer, encircling the entire muscle

A

epimysium

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2
Q

surrounds groups of 10 to 100 or more muscle fibers, separating them into bundles called fascicles

A

perimysium

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3
Q

surrounds and separates individual muscle fibers from one another

A

endomysium

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4
Q

three kinds of proteins:

A

contractile proteins
regulatory proteins
structure proteins

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5
Q

generate force during contraction

A

contractile protein

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6
Q

help switch the contraction process on and off

A

regulatory proteins

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7
Q

keep thick and thin filaments of myofibrils in proper alignment, give myofibrils elasticity and extensibility, and link myofibrils to sarcolemma and extracellular matrix

A

structural proteins

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8
Q

two types of contractile proteins

A

myosin
actin

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9
Q

makes up thick filament; a molecule consists of a tail and two myosin heads, which bind to myosin-binding sites on actin molecules of thin filament during muscle contraction

A

myosin

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10
Q

these two both functions as a motor protein in all three types of muscle tissue

A

myosin and actin

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11
Q

main component of thin filament; each one of this molecule has a myosin-binding site where myosin head of thick filament binds during muscle contraction

A

actin

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12
Q

two types of regulatory proteins

A

tropomyosin
troponin

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13
Q

component of thin filament; when skeletal muscle fiber is relaxed, this covers myosin/binding sites in actin molecules, thereby preventing myosin from binding to actin

A

tropomyosin

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14
Q

makes up thick filament; molecule consists of a tail and two myosin heads, which bind to myosin-binding sites in actin molecules of thin filament during muscle contraction

A

troponin

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15
Q

five types of structural proteins

A

Titin
a-Actinin
Myomesin
Nebulin
Dystrophin

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16
Q

connects z disc to M line of sarcomere, thereby helping to stabilize thick filament position; can stretch and then spring back unharmed, and thus accounts for much of the elasticity and extensibility of myofibrils

A

titin

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17
Q

structural protein of z discs that attaches to actin molecules of thin filaments and to titin molecules

A

a-actinin

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18
Q

forms m line of sarcomere; binds to titin molecules and connects adjacent thick filaments to one another

A

myomesin

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19
Q

wraps around entire length of each thin filament; helps anchor thin filaments to z discs and regulates length of thin filaments during development

A

nebulin

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20
Q

links thin filaments of sarcomere to integral membrane proteins in sarcolemma, which are attached in turn to proteins in connective tissue matrix that surrounds muscle fibers; thought to help reinforce sarcolemma and help transmit tension generated by sarcomeres to tendons

A

dystrophin

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21
Q

skeletal muscle fibers are classified into three main types:

A

slow oxidative fibers
fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
fast glycolytic fibers

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22
Q

two fibers that appear dark red bcs of large amounts of myoglobin and many blood capillaries

A

slow oxidative fiber
fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber

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23
Q

both contains large mitochondria therefore generate ATP mainly by aerobic respiration

A

slow oxidative fiber
fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber

24
Q

ATPase in the myosin heads hydrolysis ATP relatively slow

A

slow oxidative fibers

25
Q

ATPase in the myosin heads hydrolyzes ATP 3-5x faster than myosin ATPase in SO fibers

A

fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

26
Q

both can also generate ATP by anaerobic glycolysis due to high levels of intracellular glycogen level

A

fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers
fast glycolytic fibers

27
Q

very resistant to fatigue

A

slow oxidative fibers

28
Q

moderately resistance to fatigue

A

fast oxidative-glycolytic fiber

29
Q

adapted fro maintains posture and for aerobic, endurance-tyoe activities

A

slow oxidative fibers

30
Q

twitches of this reach tension more quickly than those of SO fibers but are briefer in duration

A

fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

31
Q

contribute to activities like walking and sprinting

A

fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers

32
Q

low myoglobin content, few blood capillaries, few mitochondria, and appear white in color

A

fast glycolytic fibers

33
Q

this contract strongly and quickly due to ability to hydrolyze ATP rapidly

A

fast glycolytic fibers

34
Q

adopted for intense anaerobic movements of short duration

A

fast glycolytic fibers

35
Q

fatigued quickly

A

fast glycolytic fibers

36
Q

type of muscle tissue that is located in heart and large vessels attached to heart

A

cardiac muscle tissue

37
Q

branched cylindrical fiber with one centrally located nucleus; striated

A

cardiac muscle tissue

38
Q

develop from mesodermal cells that migrate to and envelope the developing heart while it is still in the form of endocardial heart tubes

A

cardiac muscle tissue

39
Q

length of cardiac muscle fiber

A

long (50-100um)

40
Q

diameter of cardiac muscle fiber

A

large (10-20um)

41
Q

T/F: t tubules located at z lines are smaller than in skeletal muscle

A

FALSE

42
Q

T/F: sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle is less well developed

A

TRUE

43
Q

found in walls of hollow viscera, airways, blood vessels etc

A

smooth muscle tissue

44
Q

fibers are in fusiform in shape (thickest jn middle, tapered at each end)

A

smooth muscle

45
Q

contain one centrally positioned nucleus and not striated

A

smooth muscle tissue

46
Q

develop from mesodermal cells that migrate or and envelop the developing gastrointestinal tract and viscera

A

smooth muscle

47
Q

length of smooth muscle fiber

A

intermediate (30-200um)

48
Q

diameter of smooth muscle fiber

A

small (3-8um)

49
Q

actin and myosin form ______ network and insert into dense bodies in the sarcoplasm

A

lattice (criss-cross)

50
Q

it has gap junctions couple muscle and allow ionic communication between all fibers

A

smooth muscle fiber

51
Q

T/F: t Tubules are PRESENT in smooth muscle fiber

A

FALSE

52
Q

short membrane invaginations, called _____, are often frequent at the smooth muscle cell structure

A

caveolae

53
Q

T/F: smooth muscle fiber has very little sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

TRUE

54
Q

regulatory proteins of smooth muscle fiber:

A

myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)
calmodulin

55
Q

regulatory proteins of cardiac muscle fiber:

A

tropomyosin and troponin

MIDTERMS - HISTO LAB (7 decks)

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