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CAPS 391 Final > Muscular System - Upper Limb > Flashcards

Muscular System - Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main groups that upper limb muscles are classified into?

A

muscles attaching upper limb to trunk
- includes pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, and levator scapulae muscles (trunk musculature)

muscles of different regions of upper limb
- includes muscles of scapular, deltoid, arm, forearm, and hand regions

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2
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

all muscles of scapular region except teres major

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

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3
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

What do the tendons of rotator cuff muscles do?

A

reinforce shoulder joint capsule (except on inferior aspect) and stabilize joint

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4
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

What are the 5 muscles

A 
subscapularis
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
teres major
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5
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Subscapularis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

MA: medial rotation of shoulder joint

N: upper and lower subscapular nerves

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6
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Supraspinatus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

MA: abduction of shoulder joint

N: suprascapular nerve

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7
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Infraspinatus

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

MA: lateral rotation of shoulder joint

N: suprascapular nerve

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8
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Teres Minor

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: upper lateral border of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

MA: lateral rotation of shoulder joint

N: axillary nerve

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9
Q

Muscles of Scapular Region

Teres Major

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: lower lateral border of scapula

I: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

MA: medial rotation of shoulder joint

N: lower subscapular nerve

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10
Q

Muscles of Deltoid Region

Deltoid Muscle

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: spine of scapula, acromion, and lateral ⅓ of clavicle

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

MA: abduction of shoulder joint

N: axillary nerve

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11
Q

Muscles of Arm

What are the 2 compartments that muscles are contained in?

What are the compartments formed by?

A

anterior and posterior compartments made by humerus and extensions of deep fascia attaching to humerus

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12
Q

Muscles of Arm

What is the function of muscles of anterior compartment?

What is it innervated by?

A

MA: flex shoulder and/or elbow joints

I: musculocutaneous nerve

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13
Q

Muscles of Arm

What is the function of muscles of posterior compartment?

What is it innervated by?

A

MA: extends shoulder and elbow joint

I: radial nerve

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14
Q

Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment

What are the 3 muscles?

A

biceps brachii
coracobrachialis
brachialis

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15
Q

Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment

Biceps Brachii

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O:

  • long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • short head: coracoid process of scapula

I: radial tuberosity of radius

MA: flexion of elbow joint and supination of forearm

N: musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment

Coracobrachialis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: midshaft of humerus

MA: flexion of shoulder joint

N: musculocutaneous nerve

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17
Q

Muscles of Arm - Anterior Compartment

Brachialis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O: anterior surface of distal shaft of humerus

I: ulnar tuberosity

MA: flexion of elbow joint

N: musculocutaneous nerve

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18
Q

Muscles of Arm - Posterior Compartment

What is the muscle of the posterior compartment?

A

triceps brachii

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19
Q

Muscles of Arm

Triceps Brachii

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

O:

  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle
  • lateral and medial heads: posterior shaft of humerus

I: olecranon process of ulna

MA: extension of elbow joint

N: radial nerve

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20
Q

Muscles of Forearm

What are the 2 compartments that muscles are contained in?

What are the compartments made by?

A

anterior (flexor-pronator)
posterior (extensor-supinator)

made by radius, ulna, interosseous membrane, and extension of deep fascia attaching to radius

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21
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment

What is the anterior compartment subdivided into?

A

superficial, intermediate, and deep layers

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22
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment

Where do the majority of muscles originate and insert?

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

I: radius, metacarpals, and phalanges

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23
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Anterior Compartment

What actions are the muscles involved in?

A

pronation of forearm, and flexion of wrist and fingers

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24
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment

What are the 4 muscles?

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

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25
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment

Pronator Teres
- nerve

A

median nerve

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26
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment

Flexor Carpi Radialis
- nerve

A

median nerve

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27
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment

Palmaris Longus
- nerve

A

median nerve

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28
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Anterior Compartment

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- nerve

A

ulnar nerve

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29
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Intermediate Layer of Anterior Compartment

What is the 1 muscle?

What nerve is it innervated by?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

innervated by median nerve

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30
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment

What are the 3 muscles?

A

flexor digitorum
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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31
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment

Flexor Digitorum
- nerve

A

medial and ulnar nerves

32
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment

Flexor Pollicis Longus
- nerve

A

median nerve

33
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Anterior Compartment

Pronator Quadratus
- nerve

A

median nerve

34
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment

What are the muscles subdivided into?

A

superficial and deep layers

35
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment

Where do the majority of muscles originate and insert?

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

I: radius, metacarpals, and phalanges

36
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment

How are tendons of these muscles held in place?

A

by extensor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia), while passing behind wrist

37
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment

What are the muscles innervated by?

A

radial nerve

38
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment

What do tendons of extensor muscles of fingers expand to form?

A

extensor hood or dorsal digital expansion (triangular expansion) on dorsal aspect of proximal phalanges

39
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Posterior Compartment

What do expansions of extensor muscles of fingers receive?

Where do they insert?

A

receives tendons of lumbricals and interossei muscles

inserts to middle and distal phalanges

40
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Posterior Compartment

What are the 7 muscles?

A
  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • anconeus
41
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Superficial Layer of Posterior Compartment

Brachioradialis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

(exception: is a flexor muscle)

O: upper part of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: styloid process of radius

MA: flexion of elbow joint

N: radial nerve

42
Q

Muscles of Forearm - Deep Layer of Posterior Compartment

What are the 5 muscles?

A
  • supinator
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor indicis
43
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand

How are muscles classified?

A

thenar
hypothenar
central

44
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand

Where are central groups of muscles?

A

deep to palmar aponeurosis (thickening of deep fascia of palm of hand) that protects soft tissues of center of palm

45
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand

What do thenar muscles do?

A

form thenar eminence at base of thumb, and move thumb by abduction/flexion/opposition

46
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar

Where do muscles originate and insert?

A

O: some of carpal bones

I: first metacarpal or proximal phalanx of thumb

47
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar

What are muscles innervated by?

A

median nerve

48
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar

What are the 3 thenar muscles?

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

49
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: abduction of 1st carpometacarpal joint

N: median nerve

50
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: flexion of 1st carpometacarpal joint

N: median nerve

51
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Thenar

Opponens Pollicis

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: opposition of thumb

N: median nerve

52
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar

What do the muscles do?

A

form hypothenar eminence at base of 5th finger, and move this finger by abduction/flexion/opposition

53
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar

Where do most muscles originate and insert?

A

O: some carpal bones

I: 5th metacarpal or proximal phalanx of 5th finger

54
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar

What are muscles innervated by?

A

ulnar nerve

55
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar

What are the 3 muscles?

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi

56
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar

Abductor Digiti Minimi

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: abduction of 5th metacarpophalangeal joint

N: ulnar nerve

57
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: flexion of 5th metacarpophalangeal joint

N: ulnar nerve

58
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Hypothenar

Opponens Digiti Minimi

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: opposition of 5th finger

N: ulnar nerve

59
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group

What are the 4 muscles?

A

adductor pollicis
lumbricals (4)
dorsal interossei (4)
palmar interossei (4)

60
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group

What are lumbricals?

A

4 superficial worm-like muscles underneath palmar aponeurosis of hand

61
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group

What are dorsal interossei?

A

4 muscles that mainly abduct fingers 2-4

62
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group

What are palmar interossei?

A

4 muscles that mainly adduct fingers 2-4

63
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group

Adductor Pollicis

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: adduction of 1st carpometacarpal joint (the only muscle in central group that moves thumb)

N: ulnar nerve

64
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group

Lumbricals (4)

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of interphalangeal joints of fingers 2-5

N: median (fingers 1 and 2) and ulnar (fingers 3 and 4) nerves

65
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group

Dorsal Interossei (4)

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: abduction of metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of interphalangeal joints of fingers 2-4

N: ulnar nerve

66
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand - Central Group

Palmar Interossei (4)

  • main action(s)
  • nerve
A

MA: adduction of metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of interphalangeal joints of fingers 2, 4, 5

N: ulnar nerve

67
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb

Where are the transitional areas?

A

between the 3 major subdivisions (shoulder, arm, forearm)

68
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb

What are the 3 areas?

A

axilla
cubital fossa
carpal tunnel

69
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla

What is the axilla?

A

pyramidal space between root of neck and shoulder area

70
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla

What is the axilla a passage for?

A

blood vessels and nerves of upper limb (axillary artery, vein and cords of brachial plexus)

71
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla

What are the 4 walls?
What are they formed by?

A

anterior wall: formed by pectoralis major and minor muscles

medial wall: formed by thoracic wall (down to 5th rib) and overlying serratus anterior muscle

posterior wall: formed by subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi muscles, and scapula

lateral wall: formed by intertubercular groove of humerus

72
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla

What is the base formed by?

A

skin of armpit

73
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Axilla

What is the apex formed by?

A

behind middle ⅓ of clavicle

74
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Cubital Fossa

What is the cubital fossa?

What is it bounded by?

A

triangular space bounded laterally by brachioradialis muscles, medially by pronator teres, and superiorly by imaginary line joining medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus

75
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Cubital Fossa

What does the cubital fossa contain?

A

median and radial nerves, and brachial artery

76
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Carpal Tunnel

What is the carpal tunnel?

What is it made by?

A

fibro-osseous tunnel made by carpal bones and flexor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia) in front of wrist joint

77
Q

Transitional Areas of Upper Limb - Carpal Tunnel

What does the carpal tunnel contain?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus muscles, and median nerve

CAPS 391 Final (17 decks)

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