Circulatory System (Veins) Flashcards
What are the 3 major cardiac veins?
greater cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
What do the the 3 major cardiac veins drain into?
drain into coronary sinus located in coronary sulcus on inferior surface of heart
coronary sinus drains into right atrium
Where is the greater cardiac vein?
located in anterior interventricular sulcus
Where is the middle cardiac vein?
runs in posterior ventricular sulcus
Where is the small cardiac vein?
follows right side of coronary sulcus
Where are superficial veins?
contained within superficial fascia, and eventually drain into deep veins
Where are deep veins?
usually follow the course of synonymous arteries
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
Where are the superficial veins of the brain collected?
collected by dural sinuses
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are dural sinuses?
venous channels between two layers of cranial dura mater
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are dural sinuses named based on?
shape, location, direction
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are the 6 dural sinuses?
- cavernous sinuses
- superior sagittal sinus
- inferior sagittal sinus
- straight sinus
- transverse sinuses
- sigmoid sinuses
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are the cavernous sinuses? Where are they?
What do they collect?
pair of sinuses located in middle cranial fossa on either side of hypophyseal fossa of sphenoid bone
collect venous blood of orbital cavity contents
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What is the superior sagittal sinus? Where is it?
unpaired sinus contained within superior margin of falx cerebri
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What is the inferior sagittal sinus? Where is it?
unpaired sinus contained within inferior margin of falx cerebri
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What is the straight sinus?
What does it join?
unpaired short sinus that receives posterior end of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein
joins posterior end of superior sagittal sinus
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are transverse sinuses?
Where are they?
What do they receive?
paired sinuses housed in posterior margin of tentorium cerebelli
receive superior sagittal and straight sinuses
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are sigmoid sinuses?
Where are they?
What do they receive?
paired sinuses located in groove on interior surface of mastoid process of temporal bones
receive all other dural sinuses (directly or indirectly) and empty into internal jugular veins
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are the 3 main veins?
- deep veins
- internal jugular vein
- anterior and external jugular veins (superficial veins)
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are deep veins of the brain received by?
great cerebral vein, that in turn drains into straight sinus
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
Where does the internal jugular vein start and travel?
What does it join?
starts at level of jugular foramen as continuation of sigmoid sinus, and travels with internal and then common carotid arteries
joins subclavian vein behind sternoclavicular joint to form brachiocephalic vein
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What are the anterior and external jugular veins?
superficial veins
Venous Drainage of Head and Neck
What do anterior and external jugular veins receive?
Where do they drain?
receive venous blood of posterior part of scalp, superior part of neck
eventually drain into subclavian vein
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb
What is venous blood of the upper limb collected by
deep and superficial veins
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Deep
What are deep veins synonymous with?
arteries
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Deep
Where do deep veins of the arms empty
axillary vein
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Deep
What does the axillary vein continue as, and where?
axillary vein continues as subclavian vein after lateral border of rib I
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Deep
What forms the brachiocephalic vein?
subclavian vein joins internal jugular vein
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Deep
What are tributaries of axillary and subclavian veins?
same as branches of synonymous arteries
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Deep
What superficial vein does the axillary vein receive?
cephalic vein
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Deep
Which superficial vein does the subclavian vein receive?
external jugular vein
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Superficial
What are the 2 superficial veins?
cephalic vein
Basilic vein
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Superficial
Where are cephalic veins?
travel on lateral side of forearm
ascends on lateral arm, passes through muscular groove between deltoid and pectoralis major muscles, deltopectoral groove, and drains into axillary vein
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Superficial
Where are basilic veins?
travel on medial side of forearm
penetrates deep fascia at distal arm, ascends on medial side of arm, and continues as axillary vein after crossing inferior border of teres major muscle
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb - Superficial
What do superficial veins arise from?
How are they connected to each other?
dorsal venous plexus on dorsum of hand
usually connected with each other by median cubital vein at level of cubital fossa
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What are the 4 veins?
pulmonary vein
superior vena cava
anterior intercostal vein
posterior intercostal vein
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What are the pulmonary veins?
pair of veins receiving oxygenated blood from each lung and drain into left atrium
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What is the superior vena cava formed by?
union of left and right brachiocephalic veins behind right first costal cartilage and drains into right atrium
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What does the superior vena cava receive?
receives venous blood of head, neck, upper limbs, and thorax (except heart)
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What do anterior and posterior intercostal veins do?
drain venous blood of thoracic wall
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What are anterior intercostal veins collected by?
internal thoracic veins that then empty into brachiocephalic vein
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What does the right side of the posterior intercostal vein drain into?
azygus vein
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What does the left side of the posterior intercostal vein split into?
upper posterior intercostal vein
lower posterior intercostal vein
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What does the upper posterior intercostal vein drain into?
accessory hemyazygus vein
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What does the lower posterior intercostal vein drain into?
hemyazygus vein
Venous Drainage of Thorax
What do the hemiazygus and accessory hemiazygus veins drain into?
cross midline to drain into azygus vein, that then empties into superior vena cava
Venous Drainage of Abdomen
What is the inferior vena cava formed by?
union of left and right common iliac veins at level of vertebra LV
Venous Drainage of Abdomen
Where is the inferior vena cava?
ascends on right side of abdominal aorta on posterior abdominal wall and behind the liver
then passes through diaphragm at level of vertebra TVIII and enters right atrium
Venous Drainage of Abdomen
What does the inferior vena cava receive?
venous blood of lower limbs, pelvis, and abdomen (except abdominal part of GI tract, pancreas, and spleen)
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Describe venous blood returning from alimentary canal below diaphragm.
rich in nutrients and must be delivered to liver
for further processing
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Where does venous blood of the liver empty?
into inferior vena cava through hepatic veins
Hepatic Portal Circulation
What does the hepatic portal vein do?
transports venous blood from abdominal esophagus, stomach and large intestines, pancreas and spleen to liver
Hepatic Portal Circulation
What is the hepatic portal vein formed by?
union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind neck of pancreas
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Where does the splenic vein form?
at hilum of splee
Hepatic Portal Circulation
What does the splenic vein receive venous blood from?
spleen and parts of stomach and pancreas
Hepatic Portal Circulation
What vein does the splenic vein receive?
What does it collect?
inferior mesenteric vein that collects venous blood of splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
Hepatic Portal Circulation
What does the superior mesenteric vein collect venous blood from?
small intestine (except upper half of duodenum), cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and transverse colon
Venous Drainage of Pelvis
What are the 2 veins?
internal iliac vein
external iliac vein
Venous Drainage of Pelvis
What does the internal iliac vein receive venous blood from?
pelvis, through tributaries that follow synonymous arterial branches
Venous Drainage of Pelvis
What is the external iliac vein?
continuation of femoral vein
Venous Drainage of Pelvis
What does the external iliac vein join with? What does it form?
joins internal iliac vein to form common iliac vein
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb
What is venous blood of the lower leg collected by?
deep and superficial veins
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb - Deep
What are the deep veins?
synonymous with arteries
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb - Deep
What does the deep vein empty into?
empty into femoral vein (except gluteal region veins that are drained into internal iliac vein)
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb - Deep
What does the femoral vein receive?
What does it continue as?
receives great saphenous vein below inguinal ligament, and continues as external iliac vein after passing deep to inguinal ligament
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb - Superficial
What are the 2 superficial veins?
great saphenous vein
small saphenous vein
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb - Superficial
Where is the great saphenous vein?
travel on medial side of leg
ascends on medial thigh, and drains into femoral vein
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb - Superficial
Where is the small saphenous vein?
travel on posterior side of leg
penetrates deep fascia of popliteal fossa, and drains into popliteal vein
Venous Drainage of Lower Limb - Superficial
What do superficial veins arise from?
dorsal venous plexus on dorsum of foot
