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biology 101 > muscular system med terms > Flashcards

muscular system med terms Flashcards

1
Q

muscle fibers

A

long, slender cells that make up muscles

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2
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone, connective tissue

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3
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary, non- striated, located in hallow organs

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4
Q

myocardial muscle

A

heart muscle, striated and involuntary

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5
Q

contraction

A

tightening of a muscle causing it to become shorter and thicker

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6
Q

relaxation

A

returning to OG form, muscle becomes longer and thinner

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7
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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8
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

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9
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones by straightening out of a limb

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10
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones by straightening out of a limb

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11
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of the far end of a limb

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12
Q

supination

A

turned forward or upward

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13
Q

pronation

A

turned downward or backward

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14
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bends the foot upward at the ankle

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15
Q

plantar flexion

A

movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

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16
Q

frontalis

A

head muscle, raises/ lowers eyebrows

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17
Q

temporalis

A

head muscle, moves lower jaw open closed

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18
Q

masseter

A

moves lower jaw up to close the mouth while chewing

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19
Q

pectoralis major

A

trunk muscle, chest muscle

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20
Q

external oblique/ internal oblique

A

trunk muscle, abdominal muscles

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21
Q

rectus abdominis

A

trunk muscle, assists in breathing

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22
Q

transverse abdominis

A

trunk muscle, assists with laughing or coughing

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23
Q

exercise physiologist

A

developos, implements, coordinates excercise programs with physician supervision

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24
Q

neurologist

A

specializes in treating causes of paralysis/ muscular disorders

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25
Q

neurologist

A

specializes in treating causes of paralysis/ muscular disorders

26
Q

occupational therapist

A

enables patient with the activities of daily life

27
Q

physiatrist

A

specializes in physical medicine and rehab

28
Q

physical therapist

A

provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function

29
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of fascia

30
Q

fibromyalgia

A

chronic condition characterized by fatigue and pain

31
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of sheath surrounding a tendon

32
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendons due to overuse

33
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue holding structures together abnormally

34
Q

atrophy

A

weakness/ wearing away of body tissues and structures

34
Q

myalgia

A

tenderness or pain in the muscles

34
Q

myocele

A

herniation of a muscle through tear in the fascia

34
Q

myolysis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

34
Q

myorrhexis

A

rupture/ tearing of a muscle

34
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation/ weakening of voluntary muscles

35
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

causes od death of muscle fibers

36
Q

sacropenia

A

loss of muscle mass/ strength/ function

37
Q

atonic

A

muscle tone, lacking normal muscle tone

38
Q

dystonia

A

muscle tone, impairment of voluntary muscle movement

39
Q

hypotonia

A

diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

40
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

41
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin

42
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in leg muscles occurring during exercise and relieved by rest

43
Q

spasm

A

sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle

44
Q

myoclonus

A

involuntary jerking of muscles

45
Q

singultus

46
Q

torticollis

A

stiff neck due to spasms contracting neck muscles

47
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

48
Q

dyskinesia

A

impairment of voluntary movement

49
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormal increased muscle function or activity

50
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic autoimmune disease. affects neuromuscular junction

51
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles

52
Q

duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

primarily affects boys ages 3-5. Inability to walk later, breathing and heart issues

53
Q

becker muscular dystrophy

A

similar to duchenne, not as severe

54
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflammation and swelling of tendons in space between bones within the shoulder joint

55
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation and swelling of tendons passing through the carpal tunnel

biology 101 (8 decks)

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