history final Flashcards
In the Latin West, the struggle between Church & State was won by the papacy during this famous struggle:
The Investiture controversy
Church offices were sometimes sold outright to the highest bidder- a practice that is referred to as
simony
the first serious efforts at papal reform came under this pope:
Leo X
This official body, the __________ Council decreed that only these church officials_________ had the power to elect the pope.
lateran, cardinal bishops
Perhaps the most influential of the reformist popes was this cardinal who took the name Gregory VII upon his election to the papacy
Hildebrand
This king was forced to beg on his knees in the snow for re- admittance into the Catholic fold
Henry IV
The compromise that was reach in 1122 at Worms was that bishops were to be selected by the clergy, but the king had the right to be present at elections & to accept or refuse this _________ - which essentially amounted to the right to veto.
homage
The agreement that gave kings an effective veto over ecclesiastical selections is called the _________________
concordat of worms
Christian holy wars of the ____________ Church were known as the Crusades
Roman Catholic
A ________ threat against Europe and the Holy Land (Jerusalem) cause these wars
muslim
Pope __________ II called for a holy war against the “invaders and infidels”
Urban
Christian warriors had the promise of __________ and riches
indulgences
The Inquesition was a _________ against heretics by the Roman Catholic Church
persecution
Punishments included torture and death by __________.
burning
Cathars was a group of heretics who view the material world as _________ and advocated for an ascetic spiritual existence
evi
Cathars used the teaching of this man to renounce wealth and marriage:
Jesus
Cathars called for the ______ to give up its property and reject the authority of the _________.
Church, Pope
The Black Death is the worst ___________ human disaster in human history
biological
This rodent was the cause of the epidemic:
rats
__________ and poverty made people susceptible to the black death
Famine
The plague arrived from Central Asia via the _________ invasion by way of merchant ships that arrive in European ports
mongo
Victims bodies turned ________ (color) when the disease broke down blood vessels
black
Victims of the plague were identified by __________ in the armpit or groin
buboes
This form was almost 100% fatal:
septicemic plague
The most common form of the plague was the ________
bubonic
Outcomes of the plague for Europeans: Fear of the plague led to horrible persecutions against this religious sect: ___________; A high death toll began the decline of this group: _________; winning, rather than __________ became the ultimate goal of people
Jews, serfs, honor
Flagellants believed that he plague was God’s punishment and publicly ____________ themselves as penance for sins
whipped
____________ celebrated the glory of human achievement during the Renaissance
Humanism
___________________ became the greatest Renaissance artist
Leonardo Da Vinci
This form of using ones money became a thing when bankers decided to invest their money at home, rather than abroad by supporting writers and artists:
patronage
This painting by Leonardo Davinci celebrated Jesus and His disciples:
The Last Supper
The Last Judgment was a painting done on the _________ of the sistine chapel by Michaelangelo.
ceiling
This painting by Leonardo Davinci is the most celebrated painting sung about by popular singers in modern times:
Mona Lisa
The “Madona”, picturing the virgin Mary and infant child, Jesus, also shows a pomegranate in Mary’s hand, which represents her __________
fertility
The most well- known patron of the Renaissance was this man:
Lorenzo De Media
The School at Athen painting by Raphael portrays a __________ of ancient wisdom that characterized the Renaissance
rebirth
This man wrote the book called The Prince, which was an early modern treatise on government:
Nicolo Machiavelli
The book scandalized Europe because it referred to the exercise of power without reference of any __________ or ethical limit to power.
moral
________________, the illegitimate son of a Cardinal (who later became Pope), was a major inspiration for the book, being a ruthless leader who murdered his political enemies, including his sister’s husband.
Cesar Borgia
