history final

Question 1

In the Latin West, the struggle between Church & State was won by the papacy during this famous struggle:

Answer 1

The Investiture controversy

Question 2

Church offices were sometimes sold outright to the highest bidder- a practice that is referred to as

Answer 2

simony

Question 3

the first serious efforts at papal reform came under this pope:

Answer 3

Leo X

Question 4

This official body, the __________ Council decreed that only these church officials_________ had the power to elect the pope.

Answer 4

lateran, cardinal bishops

Question 5

Perhaps the most influential of the reformist popes was this cardinal who took the name Gregory VII upon his election to the papacy

Answer 5

Hildebrand

Question 6

This king was forced to beg on his knees in the snow for re- admittance into the Catholic fold

Answer 6

Henry IV

Question 7

The compromise that was reach in 1122 at Worms was that bishops were to be selected by the clergy, but the king had the right to be present at elections & to accept or refuse this _________ - which essentially amounted to the right to veto.

Answer 7

homage

Question 8

The agreement that gave kings an effective veto over ecclesiastical selections is called the _________________

Answer 8

concordat of worms

Question 9

Christian holy wars of the ____________ Church were known as the Crusades

Answer 9

Roman Catholic

Question 10

A ________ threat against Europe and the Holy Land (Jerusalem) cause these wars

Answer 10

muslim

Question 11

Pope __________ II called for a holy war against the “invaders and infidels”

Answer 11

Urban

Question 12

Christian warriors had the promise of __________ and riches

Answer 12

indulgences

Question 13

The Inquesition was a _________ against heretics by the Roman Catholic Church

Answer 13

persecution

Question 14

Punishments included torture and death by __________.

Answer 14

burning

Question 15

Cathars was a group of heretics who view the material world as _________ and advocated for an ascetic spiritual existence

Answer 15

evi

Question 16

Cathars used the teaching of this man to renounce wealth and marriage:

Answer 16

Jesus

Question 17

Cathars called for the ______ to give up its property and reject the authority of the _________.

Answer 17

Church, Pope

Question 18

The Black Death is the worst ___________ human disaster in human history

Answer 18

biological

Question 19

This rodent was the cause of the epidemic:

Answer 19

rats

Question 20

__________ and poverty made people susceptible to the black death

Answer 20

Famine

Question 21

The plague arrived from Central Asia via the _________ invasion by way of merchant ships that arrive in European ports

Answer 21

mongo

Question 22

Victims bodies turned ________ (color) when the disease broke down blood vessels

Answer 22

black

Question 23

Victims of the plague were identified by __________ in the armpit or groin

Answer 23

buboes

Question 24

This form was almost 100% fatal:

Answer 24

septicemic plague

Question 25

The most common form of the plague was the ________

Answer 25

bubonic

Question 26

Outcomes of the plague for Europeans: Fear of the plague led to horrible persecutions against this religious sect: ___________; A high death toll began the decline of this group: _________; winning, rather than __________ became the ultimate goal of people

Answer 26

Jews, serfs, honor

Question 27

Flagellants believed that he plague was God's punishment and publicly ____________ themselves as penance for sins

Answer 27

whipped

Question 28

____________ celebrated the glory of human achievement during the Renaissance

Answer 28

Humanism

Question 29

___________________ became the greatest Renaissance artist

Answer 29

Leonardo Da Vinci

Question 30

This form of using ones money became a thing when bankers decided to invest their money at home, rather than abroad by supporting writers and artists:

Answer 30

patronage

Question 31

This painting by Leonardo Davinci celebrated Jesus and His disciples:

Answer 31

The Last Supper

Question 32

The Last Judgment was a painting done on the _________ of the sistine chapel by Michaelangelo.

Answer 32

ceiling

Question 33

This painting by Leonardo Davinci is the most celebrated painting sung about by popular singers in modern times:

Answer 33

Mona Lisa

Question 34

The "Madona", picturing the virgin Mary and infant child, Jesus, also shows a pomegranate in Mary's hand, which represents her __________

Answer 34

fertility

Question 35

The most well- known patron of the Renaissance was this man:

Answer 35

Lorenzo De Media

Question 36

The School at Athen painting by Raphael portrays a __________ of ancient wisdom that characterized the Renaissance

Answer 36

rebirth

Question 37

This man wrote the book called The Prince, which was an early modern treatise on government:

Answer 37

Nicolo Machiavelli

Question 38

The book scandalized Europe because it referred to the exercise of power without reference of any __________ or ethical limit to power.

Answer 38

moral

Question 39

________________, the illegitimate son of a Cardinal (who later became Pope), was a major inspiration for the book, being a ruthless leader who murdered his political enemies, including his sister's husband.

Answer 39

Cesar Borgia