Muscular System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Cardiac - heart
Skeletal - muscles
Smooth - liver / kidneys / lungs
What 2 characteristics do you need to know for each type of muscle?
Are they voluntary?
Do they fatigue?
What does an agonist do?
Agonists are the prime mover - the muscle that initiates the movement - normally the muscle that shortens.
What does an antagonist do?
The antagonist is the muscle which then relaxes as the agonist initiates movement.
What do fixator muscles do?
A fixator stops any unwanted movement throughout the body by stabilising the joint or joints involved with the particular movement.
What is a concentric muscle contraction?
The muscle shortens as the two ends of the muscle move closer together .
What is an eccentric muscle contraction?
The muscle increases in length, under tension.
What is an isometric contraction?
The muscle length does not change , under tension.
Identify 3 characteristics of type 1 muscle.
Slow contraction speed.
Resistant to fatigue.
Lots of mitochondria.
Identify 3 characteristics of type 2a muscle.
Fast contraction speed.
Resistant to fatigue.
Lots of mitochondria.
Identify 3 characteristics of type 2x muscle.
Very fast contraction speed.
NOT Resistant to fatigue.
FEW mitochondria.
Identify 5 acute (immediate) responses of the muscular system to exercise.
Increased blood supply to muscles. Increased muscle temperature. Increased muscle pliability. Increased Lactate build up. Increased micro fibre muscle tears.
Identify 5 long term adaptations of the muscular system.
Muscle hypertrophy (growth). Increased tendon strength. Increased numbers of mitochondria. Increased Myoglobin stores. Increased storage of glycogen (for energy).
What does a tendon do?
Connects muscle to bone.
What does a ligament do?
Connects bone to bone.
