Muscular System Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscle?
Cardiac - heart
Skeletal - muscles
Smooth - liver / kidneys / lungs
What 2 characteristics do you need to know for each type of muscle?
Are they voluntary?
Do they fatigue?
What does an agonist do?
Agonists are the prime mover - the muscle that initiates the movement - normally the muscle that shortens.
What does an antagonist do?
The antagonist is the muscle which then relaxes as the agonist initiates movement.
What do fixator muscles do?
A fixator stops any unwanted movement throughout the body by stabilising the joint or joints involved with the particular movement.
What is a concentric muscle contraction?
The muscle shortens as the two ends of the muscle move closer together .
What is an eccentric muscle contraction?
The muscle increases in length, under tension.
What is an isometric contraction?
The muscle length does not change , under tension.
Identify 3 characteristics of type 1 muscle.
Slow contraction speed.
Resistant to fatigue.
Lots of mitochondria.
Identify 3 characteristics of type 2a muscle.
Fast contraction speed.
Resistant to fatigue.
Lots of mitochondria.
Identify 3 characteristics of type 2x muscle.
Very fast contraction speed.
NOT Resistant to fatigue.
FEW mitochondria.
Identify 5 acute (immediate) responses of the muscular system to exercise.
Increased blood supply to muscles. Increased muscle temperature. Increased muscle pliability. Increased Lactate build up. Increased micro fibre muscle tears.
Identify 5 long term adaptations of the muscular system.
Muscle hypertrophy (growth). Increased tendon strength. Increased numbers of mitochondria. Increased Myoglobin stores. Increased storage of glycogen (for energy).
What does a tendon do?
Connects muscle to bone.
What does a ligament do?
Connects bone to bone.
Where is the tibialis anterior located?
Front (anterior) of the lower leg. Next to the tibia.
What do wrist flexors do?
Flex the wrist.
What muscle contract to create plantar flexion?
Gastrocnemius - concentrically.
Tibialis Anterior - eccentrically.
What muscles contract to create the up phase of the sit up?
Abdominals - concentrically.
Erector Spinae - eccentrically.
What muscles contract for flex the arm?
Bicep - concentrically.
Tricep - eccentrically.
