Cardiovascular System

Question 1

The bicuspid valve is on what side of the heart?

Answer 1

Left

Question 2

The tricuspid valve is on what side of the heart?

Answer 2

Right

Question 3

What blood vessel takes oxygenated blood to the body?

Answer 3

Aorta

Question 4

What blood vessel brings oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs?

Answer 4

Pulmonary Vein

Question 5

Arteries go where?

Answer 5

AWAY from the heart

Question 6

Veins go where?

Answer 6

Toward the heart.

Question 7

What blood vessels bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Answer 7

Superior and inferior VENA CAVA

Question 8

Identify 2 structural components of an artery?

Answer 8

Thick muscular walls

Elastic - so can dilate during sport / constrict when not needed

Question 9

Identify the 4 components of blood and their function.

Answer 9

Red blood cells - deliver o2 to cells
White blood cells - help to fight infection - kill pathogens such as bacteria and virus’s
Plasma - carries nutrients such as glucose around the body (for energy)
Platelets - help to clot blood to stop bleeding

Question 10

Identify 3 nutrients delivered by the CV system.

Answer 10

02
Glucose
Proteins
Fats

Question 11

What 2 waste products of exercise are removed by the CV system?

Answer 11

C02 - Breathed out

Lactate - transferred in plasma to the liver for conversion to Glycogen.

Question 12

What is vasodilation and when does it occur?

Answer 12

Vasodilation is when blood vessels dilate to allow more blood through. This happens during exercise to allow blood to the surface so that water can diffuse onto the skin for sweating.

Question 13

What is vasoconstriction and when does it occur?

Answer 13

Vasoconstriction is where blood vessels constrict allowing less blood through them. This happens when an athlete is working hard as vasoconstriction occurs to muscles not in use / not important during intense exercise.

Question 14

What is the role of the SA node?

Answer 14

Pacemaker of the heart - where the electrical impulse starts.

Question 15

What is the role of the AV node?

Answer 15

AV node relays the electrical signal to the bundle of his and purkinje fibres thus, contracting the ventricles.

Question 16

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 16

Raises heart rate and breathing rate- fight or flight response. Usually happens before sport.

Question 17

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 17

Lowers heart rate and breathing rate after exercise or when a threat has passed.

Question 18

Identify 3 acute responses of the CV system

Answer 18

Increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output.

You could have: increased blood pressure and redirection of blood flow (to muscles that are working and from organs which are not).

Question 19

Identify 4 long term adaptations of the CV system.

Answer 19

Cardiac hypertrophy 
Increased stroke volume 
Decrease in resting heart rate 
Increase in blood volume 
Increase in red blood cells

Question 20

What is SADS???

Answer 20

Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS) - heart failure due to electrical fault - typically the SV node failing.

Question 21

What is high blood pressure?

Answer 21

The pressure of blood leaving the heart (systolic) is high, indicating that the blood vessels may be slightly blocked thus, increasing the pressure of blood as it moves through a smaller passage.

Question 22

What is hyperthermia?

Answer 22

Severe raise in body temperature - vasodilation starts here to make the body sweat and cool

Question 23

What is hypothermia?

Answer 23

Severe lowering of body temperature - vasoconstriction occurs here to preserve heat to the core of the body (vital organs).