Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The bicuspid valve is on what side of the heart?
Left
The tricuspid valve is on what side of the heart?
Right
What blood vessel takes oxygenated blood to the body?
Aorta
What blood vessel brings oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs?
Pulmonary Vein
Arteries go where?
AWAY from the heart
Veins go where?
Toward the heart.
What blood vessels bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart?
Superior and inferior VENA CAVA
Identify 2 structural components of an artery?
Thick muscular walls
Elastic - so can dilate during sport / constrict when not needed
Identify the 4 components of blood and their function.
Red blood cells - deliver o2 to cells
White blood cells - help to fight infection - kill pathogens such as bacteria and virus’s
Plasma - carries nutrients such as glucose around the body (for energy)
Platelets - help to clot blood to stop bleeding
Identify 3 nutrients delivered by the CV system.
02
Glucose
Proteins
Fats
What 2 waste products of exercise are removed by the CV system?
C02 - Breathed out
Lactate - transferred in plasma to the liver for conversion to Glycogen.
What is vasodilation and when does it occur?
Vasodilation is when blood vessels dilate to allow more blood through. This happens during exercise to allow blood to the surface so that water can diffuse onto the skin for sweating.
What is vasoconstriction and when does it occur?
Vasoconstriction is where blood vessels constrict allowing less blood through them. This happens when an athlete is working hard as vasoconstriction occurs to muscles not in use / not important during intense exercise.
What is the role of the SA node?
Pacemaker of the heart - where the electrical impulse starts.
What is the role of the AV node?
AV node relays the electrical signal to the bundle of his and purkinje fibres thus, contracting the ventricles.
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Raises heart rate and breathing rate- fight or flight response. Usually happens before sport.
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Lowers heart rate and breathing rate after exercise or when a threat has passed.
Identify 3 acute responses of the CV system
Increased heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output.
You could have: increased blood pressure and redirection of blood flow (to muscles that are working and from organs which are not).
Identify 4 long term adaptations of the CV system.
Cardiac hypertrophy Increased stroke volume Decrease in resting heart rate Increase in blood volume Increase in red blood cells
What is SADS???
Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome (SADS) - heart failure due to electrical fault - typically the SV node failing.
What is high blood pressure?
The pressure of blood leaving the heart (systolic) is high, indicating that the blood vessels may be slightly blocked thus, increasing the pressure of blood as it moves through a smaller passage.
What is hyperthermia?
Severe raise in body temperature - vasodilation starts here to make the body sweat and cool
What is hypothermia?
Severe lowering of body temperature - vasoconstriction occurs here to preserve heat to the core of the body (vital organs).
