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PTA 149 > muscular System > Flashcards

muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Bundle of elastic tissue that has the ability to contract, producing movement or maintaining the position of a body part

A

Muscle

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2
Q

Connected to bone via tendon

A

Muscle

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3
Q

Point where muscle meets tendon

A

Musculotendinous junction

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4
Q

Point where muscle meets bone

A

Tenoperiosteal junction

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5
Q

Point where muscles attach to more stable bone

A

Origin

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6
Q

Point where muscles attaches to more mobile bone

A

Insertion

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7
Q

NO QUESTION. Fact: Insertion moves towards the origin in joint movement

A

Fact

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8
Q

muscles are named by shape

A

Trapezius, serratus anterior

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9
Q

Muscles named by action

A

Extensor carpi radialis, supination

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10
Q

Muscles named by origin/location

A

Tibialis anterior, rectus abdominis

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11
Q

Muscles named by number of heads

A

Triceps brachii, biceps femoris

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12
Q

Muscles named for their size

A

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor

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13
Q

Parallel arrangement muscles

A

Strap muscles-long and thin. Ex.) rectus abdominis
Fusiform- rounded and tapered at the ends. Ex.) biceps brachii
Rhomboidal- foursided, flat, broad attachments. Ex.) quadratus, rhomboids, pronator
Triangular- fan shaped, flat, run from a narrow attachment to a broad end at the other side. Ex.) pectoralis major

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14
Q

Oblique arrangement muscle fiber

A

Unipennate- series of short, parallel fibers extending diagonally from the side of a long tendon. Ex) flexor pollicis longus
Bipennate- long, central tendon with fibers extending diagonally of the tendon. Ex.) rectus femoris, flexor hallicus longus
Multipennate- muscle fibers running diagonally between several tendons Ex.) deltoid, subscapularis

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15
Q

Length of the muscle when it is not shortened or lengthened

A

Normal resting length

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16
Q

Ability for a muscle to respond to a stimulus

A

Irritability

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17
Q

Muscles ability to contract and generate force when it receives adequate stimulation

A

Contractibility

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18
Q

Muscles ability to stretch/lengthen when a force is applied

A

Extensibility

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19
Q

Muscles ability to recoil or return to normal resting length

A

Elasticity

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20
Q

Outer layer of muscle tissue, around entire muscle belly

A

Epimysium

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21
Q

Middle layer of muscle tissue, separates muscle into fascicles

A

Perimysium

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22
Q

Innternlayer of muscle tissue, wraps each individual fiber

A

Endomysium

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23
Q

Bundles of myofibrils, that group together to make a muscle

A

Muscle fibers

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24
Q

Outer layer that forms the groups of muscle fibers

A

Fascicles

25
Q

Bundles of sarcomeres, that group together to make muscle fibers

A

Myofibrils

26
Q

Sections of myosin and actin filaments, that group together to make myofibrils

A

Sarcomeres

27
Q

Lines that separate sarcomeres

A

Zlines

28
Q

Outside of the myosin filament. What myosin grabs onto

A

Actin

29
Q

Smallest part with a head that hooks into the actin to pull it together

A

Myosin

30
Q

Describes the interaction between the actin and myosin and explains how force is produced during a muscle co traction and how the sarcomere is shortened

A

Sliding filament theory

31
Q

Composed of a motor neuron and muscle fibers that it innervates

A

Motor unit

32
Q

Location in muscle tissue between the muscle fibers. It monitors the length of the muscle and when it is stretched too far, it will contract.

A

Location and function of muscle spindles

33
Q

Abrupt stretch of the muscle initiates a burst of activity from the muscle spindle. muscle spindle sends a signal to the spinal cord that excited the motor neuron. Signal sent back to the muscle to respond

A

Stretch reflex

34
Q

Located in muscle tendons near the point of attachment of the muscle fiber to the tendon. Monitors the degree of tension in the muscle and relaxes true muscle if too much tension is provided on the muscle

A

Location and function of golgi tendon organ

35
Q

Spindle:

A

Located in belly. Responds to change in muscle length. Excitatory of muscle being lengthened to protect damage. Send signal directly to spinal cord

36
Q

Golgi tendon organ:

A

Located in tendon. Respond to change in muscle tension. Inhibitory of muscle with increased tension to protect from damage. Sends signal to nervous system

37
Q

Where muscle shortenes and myosin heads exert force and pull actin filaments closer together

A

Muscle contraction

38
Q

Force built up within a muscle

A

Tension

39
Q

Slight tension that is present in a muscle at all times, even when muscle is relaxing

A

Tone

40
Q

Distance from maximum lengthening to maximum shortening.

A

Excursion of muscle

41
Q

When a musics is in a slight stretch but not overstretched. Increased muscles force-generating capacity

A

Optimal length

42
Q

Benefits of a single joint

A

Capable of moving a joint through its full ROM

43
Q

Benefits of a multi joint

A

Can maintain optimal length during contraction by shortnening over one joint while lengthening over another

44
Q

Drawbacks of single joint

A

Less powerful at ends of joint ROM

45
Q

Drawbacks of a multi joint

A

Subject to active and passive insuffiency, which can limit ROM and movements in the joints the muscle crosses

46
Q

When muscle is chronically overstretched, it has a decrease in the overlap of actin and myosin so it becomes weak

A

Adaptive lengthening

47
Q

When a muscle is left in a shortened position for a long time without moving through its full excursion

A

Adaptive shortening

48
Q

Grasp and release of the hand by passive insufficiency or movement. If you supinate the forearm, the weight of the hand and gravity cause the fingers to close creating a grasp

A

Tenodesis

49
Q

A muscle contracts producing force without changing the length of the muscle

A

Isometric

50
Q

Occurs when there is joint movement, the muscle attachments move toward each other. During flexion

A

Concentric

51
Q

Occurs when there is joint motion but the muscle appears to lengthen. Relaxing

A

Eccentric

52
Q

Muscle or muscle group that causes the motion

A

Agonist

53
Q

Muscle that performs the opposite motion of the agonist

A

Antagonist

54
Q

Muscle or muscle group that supports, makes firm, allowing agonist to work more efficiently

A

Stabilized

55
Q

Contracts to prevent the unwanted motion if a muscle can do 2 or more actions and only wants to do one

A

Neutralizer

56
Q

Muscle that works with 1 or more other muscles to enhance particular motion

A

Synergist

57
Q

Muscle or muscle group causing the motion (also known as agonist)

A

Prime mover

58
Q

Muscle that is not as effective but does assist in providing that motion

A

Assisting lover

PTA 149 (5 decks)

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