Articular System

Question 1

Connection between two bones

Answer 1

Joint

Question 2

Allow motion, help bare body’s weight and provide stability, contains synovial fluid which lubricates joints and nourishes the cartilage

Answer 2

Functions of joints

Question 3

Three main types of joints from least to most mobile

Answer 3

Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints

Question 4

Three types of fibrous joints

Answer 4

Synarthrosis
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

Question 5

Two types of Cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

Symphysis

Synchondroses

Question 6

Four types of synovial joints

Answer 6

Nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial

Question 7

Thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones

Answer 7

Fibrous joints

Question 8

Ends of bones interlock, no motion occurs, provides strength in shape, example includes sutures in skull

Answer 8

Synarthroses

Question 9

Ligamentous joint, small amount of motion can occur

Answer 9

Syndesmoses

Question 10

Tooth and socket, no motion occurs

Answer 10

Gomphoses

Question 11

Have either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones. Allows small motion but otherwise very stable. Also known as Amphiarthrodial Joints

Answer 11

Cartilaginous joints

Question 12

Connected by disc of fibrocartilage. Examples include pubic symphesis and intervertebral disks

Answer 12

Symphesis

Question 13

Joined by hyaline cartilage. Examples include first sternocostal joint

Answer 13

Synchondroses

Question 14

No direct union between ends of bones, but have fluid filled cavity surrounded by sleeve like capsule. Outer layer of capsule is strong fibrous tissue. Inner layer is lined with membrane that secretes synovial fluid. Articular surface of bone is smooth and covered with hyaline or articular cartilage

Answer 14

Synovial joints (diarthrodial joints)

Question 15

4 classifications of synovial joints

Answer 15

Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial

Question 16

Plane joint. Movement of the joint is linear. Joint surfaces are flat and glide over one another. Movement occurs secondary to other motions. Ex.) intercarpals

Answer 16

Nonaxial joints

Question 17

Angular motion occurs in one plane around one axis. Two types: hinge and pivot

Answer 17

Uniaxial joint

Question 18

Only flexion and extension. Examples include IP joints of fingers, elbow, and knee

Answer 18

Hinge

Question 19

One bone rotated around one/within another. Examples include radioulnar joint, c1/C2v

Answer 19

Pivot joint

Question 20

Motion occurs into planes around two axes. Two types: condyloid and saddle

Answer 20

Biaxial

Question 21

Bony surfaces where the concave surface of one bone slides over the convex surface of another. Examples include MCP of fingers, wrist

Answer 21

Condyloid joint

Question 22

Joint surface of each bird is convex in one direction and concave another direction. Examples include CMC joint of thumb

Answer 22

Saddle joint

Question 23

Motion occurs in three planes around three axes. Allows more motion than any other joint

Answer 23

Triaxial joint

Question 24

Hip and shoulder joints

Answer 24

Ball and socket

Question 25

Amount and direction of motion determined by the shape of bones

Answer 25

Two bones

Question 26

Bands of fibrous connective tissue. Connect bone to bone. Attachment for cartilage, fascia. Flexible but not elastic, prevent excessive joint motion. Capsular ligament surround a synovial joint

Answer 26

Ligaments

Question 27

Surrounds and incases the joints. Protects articular surfaces of the bones. Location, size and roll varies based on joint.

Answer 27

Capsule

Question 28

Fibrous tissue that supports and protects joint. Typically reinforced by ligaments.

Answer 28

Outer layer of Capsule of synovial joint

Question 29

Lined with synovial membrane. Secretes synovial fluid

Answer 29

Inner layer of capsule of synovial joint

Question 30

Lubricates joint surface. Reduces friction. Mild shock absorption. Major source of nutrients for articulate cartilage

Answer 30

Synovial fluid

Question 31

Dense fibrous connective tissue. Can withstand large amounts of pressure and tension. Three basic types are hyaline/articular, fibrocartilage, elastic

Answer 31

Cartilage

Question 32

Covers the ends of articulating bones. Helps provide smooth surface. Lacks and blood or nerve supply so it must get nutrition from synovial fluid and can’t repair itself

Answer 32

Hyaline cartilage

Question 33

Shock absorption especially weight-bearing joints. Can fill space and is seen in both synovial and cartilaginous joints.

Answer 33

Fibrocartilage

Question 34

Examples of fibrocartilage

Answer 34

Meniscus in the knee, intervertebral disks, disc between clavicle and sternum, labrum

Question 35

Maintains shape and structure. Examples include ears larynx

Answer 35

Elastic cartilage

Question 36

Connects muscle to bone. Many possible shape. May be encased in tendon sheath which protects tendon from pressure and decreases friction

Answer 36

Tendons

Question 37

Broad flat tendon

Answer 37

Aponeurosis

Question 38

Linea Alba in the abdomen

Answer 38

Aponeurosis

Question 39

Small pad like sacs found around most joint in areas of excessive friction. Reduce friction between moving parts. Lined with a synovial membrane, filled with clear fluid

Answer 39

Bursae

Question 40

Two types of bursae

Answer 40

Natural and acquired

Question 41

Fixed lines of reference along which the body is divided. Saggital, frontal, transverse

Answer 41

Planes

Question 42

When plane passes through the midline

Answer 42

Cardinal plane

Question 43

Where all planes intersect

Answer 43

Center of gravity

Question 44

Points that run through the center of a joint. Frontal, saggital, vertical

Answer 44

Axes

Question 45

Saggital plane runs____, divides body into _______ and movements in plane include _______.

Answer 45

Front to back, right and left, flexion and extension

Question 46

Frontal plane runs ______, divides body into ______, and movements in place include _______.

Answer 46

Side to side, front and back, abduction and adduction

Question 47

Transverse plane runs _____, divides body into ______, and movements in plane include _____.

Answer 47

Horizontally, top and bottom, rotation

Question 48

Saggital plane moves around ____ axes, movements include ________

Answer 48

Frontal, flexion and extension

Question 49

Frontal plane moves around _____ axes, movements include ______,______,______.

Answer 49

Saggital, abd/add, RD/UD, inversion/eversion

Question 50

Transverse plane moves around _____ axes, movements include _____,_______,_____,_______.

Answer 50

Vertical; MR/LR, Supination/Pronation, right and left rotation, horizontal ABD/ADD

Question 51

Complete separation of two articular surfaces of a joint. A portion of the joint capsule will be torn

Answer 51

Dislocation

Question 52

Partial dislocation of a joint. May occur overtime

Answer 52

Subluxation

Question 53

Break down and eventual loss of articular cartilage in one or more joint. More frequent with age, only affects hands, feet, spine, hips, knees

Answer 53

Osteoarthritis

Question 54

Partial or complete tearing of a ligament

Answer 54

Sprain

Question 55

Partial or complete tearing of muscle

Answer 55

Strain

Question 56

Inflammation of a tendon

Answer 56

Tendonitis

Question 57

Inflammation of synovial membrane

Answer 57

Synovitis

Question 58

Inflammation of the tendon sheath

Answer 58

Tenosynovitis

Question 59

Inflammation of the bursa

Answer 59

Bursitis

Question 60

Inflammation of joint capsule. If sustained inflammation, often also gets decreased range of motion

Answer 60

Capsulitis

Question 61

Characteristic pattern of joint range of motion loss that indicates likely capsular involvement

Answer 61

Capsular pattern