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PTA 149 > Articular System > Flashcards

Articular System Flashcards

1
Q

Connection between two bones

A

Joint

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2
Q

Allow motion, help bare body’s weight and provide stability, contains synovial fluid which lubricates joints and nourishes the cartilage

A

Functions of joints

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3
Q

Three main types of joints from least to most mobile

A

Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints

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4
Q

Three types of fibrous joints

A

Synarthrosis
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

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5
Q

Two types of Cartilaginous joints

A

Symphysis

Synchondroses

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6
Q

Four types of synovial joints

A

Nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, triaxial

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7
Q

Thin layer of fibrous periosteum between two bones

A

Fibrous joints

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8
Q

Ends of bones interlock, no motion occurs, provides strength in shape, example includes sutures in skull

A

Synarthroses

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9
Q

Ligamentous joint, small amount of motion can occur

A

Syndesmoses

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10
Q

Tooth and socket, no motion occurs

A

Gomphoses

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11
Q

Have either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between the two bones. Allows small motion but otherwise very stable. Also known as Amphiarthrodial Joints

A

Cartilaginous joints

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12
Q

Connected by disc of fibrocartilage. Examples include pubic symphesis and intervertebral disks

A

Symphesis

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13
Q

Joined by hyaline cartilage. Examples include first sternocostal joint

A

Synchondroses

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14
Q

No direct union between ends of bones, but have fluid filled cavity surrounded by sleeve like capsule. Outer layer of capsule is strong fibrous tissue. Inner layer is lined with membrane that secretes synovial fluid. Articular surface of bone is smooth and covered with hyaline or articular cartilage

A

Synovial joints (diarthrodial joints)

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15
Q

4 classifications of synovial joints

A

Nonaxial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial

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16
Q

Plane joint. Movement of the joint is linear. Joint surfaces are flat and glide over one another. Movement occurs secondary to other motions. Ex.) intercarpals

A

Nonaxial joints

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17
Q

Angular motion occurs in one plane around one axis. Two types: hinge and pivot

A

Uniaxial joint

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18
Q

Only flexion and extension. Examples include IP joints of fingers, elbow, and knee

A

Hinge

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19
Q

One bone rotated around one/within another. Examples include radioulnar joint, c1/C2v

A

Pivot joint

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20
Q

Motion occurs into planes around two axes. Two types: condyloid and saddle

A

Biaxial

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21
Q

Bony surfaces where the concave surface of one bone slides over the convex surface of another. Examples include MCP of fingers, wrist

A

Condyloid joint

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22
Q

Joint surface of each bird is convex in one direction and concave another direction. Examples include CMC joint of thumb

A

Saddle joint

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23
Q

Motion occurs in three planes around three axes. Allows more motion than any other joint

A

Triaxial joint

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24
Q

Hip and shoulder joints

A

Ball and socket

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25
Q

Amount and direction of motion determined by the shape of bones

A

Two bones

26
Q

Bands of fibrous connective tissue. Connect bone to bone. Attachment for cartilage, fascia. Flexible but not elastic, prevent excessive joint motion. Capsular ligament surround a synovial joint

A

Ligaments

27
Q

Surrounds and incases the joints. Protects articular surfaces of the bones. Location, size and roll varies based on joint.

A

Capsule

28
Q

Fibrous tissue that supports and protects joint. Typically reinforced by ligaments.

A

Outer layer of Capsule of synovial joint

29
Q

Lined with synovial membrane. Secretes synovial fluid

A

Inner layer of capsule of synovial joint

30
Q

Lubricates joint surface. Reduces friction. Mild shock absorption. Major source of nutrients for articulate cartilage

A

Synovial fluid

31
Q

Dense fibrous connective tissue. Can withstand large amounts of pressure and tension. Three basic types are hyaline/articular, fibrocartilage, elastic

A

Cartilage

32
Q

Covers the ends of articulating bones. Helps provide smooth surface. Lacks and blood or nerve supply so it must get nutrition from synovial fluid and can’t repair itself

A

Hyaline cartilage

33
Q

Shock absorption especially weight-bearing joints. Can fill space and is seen in both synovial and cartilaginous joints.

A

Fibrocartilage

34
Q

Examples of fibrocartilage

A

Meniscus in the knee, intervertebral disks, disc between clavicle and sternum, labrum

35
Q

Maintains shape and structure. Examples include ears larynx

A

Elastic cartilage

36
Q

Connects muscle to bone. Many possible shape. May be encased in tendon sheath which protects tendon from pressure and decreases friction

A

Tendons

37
Q

Broad flat tendon

A

Aponeurosis

38
Q

Linea Alba in the abdomen

A

Aponeurosis

39
Q

Small pad like sacs found around most joint in areas of excessive friction. Reduce friction between moving parts. Lined with a synovial membrane, filled with clear fluid

A

Bursae

40
Q

Two types of bursae

A

Natural and acquired

41
Q

Fixed lines of reference along which the body is divided. Saggital, frontal, transverse

A

Planes

42
Q

When plane passes through the midline

A

Cardinal plane

43
Q

Where all planes intersect

A

Center of gravity

44
Q

Points that run through the center of a joint. Frontal, saggital, vertical

A

Axes

45
Q

Saggital plane runs____, divides body into _______ and movements in plane include _______.

A

Front to back, right and left, flexion and extension

46
Q

Frontal plane runs ______, divides body into ______, and movements in place include _______.

A

Side to side, front and back, abduction and adduction

47
Q

Transverse plane runs _____, divides body into ______, and movements in plane include _____.

A

Horizontally, top and bottom, rotation

48
Q

Saggital plane moves around ____ axes, movements include ________

A

Frontal, flexion and extension

49
Q

Frontal plane moves around _____ axes, movements include ______,______,______.

A

Saggital, abd/add, RD/UD, inversion/eversion

50
Q

Transverse plane moves around _____ axes, movements include _____,_______,_____,_______.

A

Vertical; MR/LR, Supination/Pronation, right and left rotation, horizontal ABD/ADD

51
Q

Complete separation of two articular surfaces of a joint. A portion of the joint capsule will be torn

A

Dislocation

52
Q

Partial dislocation of a joint. May occur overtime

A

Subluxation

53
Q

Break down and eventual loss of articular cartilage in one or more joint. More frequent with age, only affects hands, feet, spine, hips, knees

A

Osteoarthritis

54
Q

Partial or complete tearing of a ligament

A

Sprain

55
Q

Partial or complete tearing of muscle

A

Strain

56
Q

Inflammation of a tendon

A

Tendonitis

57
Q

Inflammation of synovial membrane

A

Synovitis

58
Q

Inflammation of the tendon sheath

A

Tenosynovitis

59
Q

Inflammation of the bursa

A

Bursitis

60
Q

Inflammation of joint capsule. If sustained inflammation, often also gets decreased range of motion

A

Capsulitis

61
Q

Characteristic pattern of joint range of motion loss that indicates likely capsular involvement

A

Capsular pattern

PTA 149 (5 decks)

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