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Systemic Anatomy Unit 2 > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Most muscles cross ______ ______, and are usually attached to articulating bones.

A

One joint

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2
Q

The origin of the muscle is usually _______ and the insertion of the muscle is usually _______.

A

Proximal

Distal

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3
Q

One bone remains ______ while the other bone is ______.

A

Stationary

Movable

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4
Q

The muscle origin is located on the _______ bone while the insertion is usually on the _______ bone.

A

Stationary

Movable

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5
Q

What is the fleshy portion of the muscle between tendons?

A

Belly or Body

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6
Q

What is a lever?

A

A rigid structure that can move around a fixed point.

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7
Q

What is a fixed point in the lever system called?

A

Fulcrum

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8
Q

What is the effort arm?

A

Causes the movement (muscular contraction)

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9
Q

What opposes the movement?

A

Load or resistance

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10
Q

When does motion occur?

A

When the effort applied to the bone at the insertion exceeds the load.

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11
Q

When the load is _______ to the fulcrum and the effort is ______ from the fulcrum. This is called mechanical advantage.

A

Closer
Further
Mechanical Advantage

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12
Q

When the load is ________ from the fulcrum and the effort is applied _______ to the fulcrum, this is called mechanical disadvantage.

A

Further

Closer

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13
Q

A first class lever is when the fulcrum is _______ the effort and the load.

A

Between

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14
Q

A second class lever is when the fulcrum is between the fulcrum and the ______.

A

Effort.

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15
Q

A third class lever is when the ______ is between the fulcrum and the load.

A

Effort

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16
Q

What is the most common lever system in the musculoskeletal system?

A

Third-class lever

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17
Q

________ _______ affects a muscle’s power and range of motion.

A

Fascicular arrangement

18
Q

The power of the muscle depends on what?

A

The total cross-sectional area

19
Q

What is it when the tension remains constant as muscle length decreases or increases?

A

Isotonic contraction

20
Q

What are isotonic contractions used for?

A

Body movements and for moving objects.

21
Q

What is a concentric contraction?

A

When the muscle shortens and produces movement to reduce the angle at a joint.

22
Q

What is an eccentric contraction?

A

When the muscle lengthens during a contraction.

Example; lower the book to the table.

23
Q

What is it called when a muscle does not change length?

A

Isometric contraction

24
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

When tension increases greatly without a change in muscle length because the tension generated is not enough to exceed the resistance of the object to be moved

25
Q

What is another name for the prime mover?

A

Agonist

26
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

The muscle that opposes the action of the prime mover, relaxes muscle.

27
Q

The biceps and triceps are _______ ______.

A

Antagonistic muscles

28
Q

What is a synergist?

A

The muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints to prevent unwanted movements.

29
Q

What is a fixator?

A

The muscles that stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act efficiently.

30
Q

How are skeletal muscles named?

A 
Orientation of fascicles
Size of muscle
Shape of muscle
Action of muscle
Number of origins
31
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A 
Orbicularis Oculi
Origin: Medial wall of orbit
Insertion: Orbital Margin
Action: Closes the eyes
Innervation: Facial Nerve
32
Q

Occipitofrontalis

Frontal Belly

A

Occipitofrontalis
Frontal Belly
Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion: Skin superior to supraorbital margin.
Action: Draws scalp anteriorly and raises eyebrows
Innervation: Facial Nerve

33
Q

Occipitofrontalis

Occipital Belly

A 
Occipitofrontalis
Occipital Belly
Origin: Occipital Bone
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
Action: Draws scalp posteriorly
34
Q

Buccinator

A

Buccinator
Origin: Alveolar process of maxilla and mandible.
Insertion: Orbicularis Oris
Action: Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling.

35
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Orbicularis Oris
Origin: Muscle Fibers surrounding opening of mouth
Insertion: Skin at corner of mouth
Action: Closes and protrudes lips.

36
Q

Masseter

A

Masseter
Origin: Maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible

37
Q

Temporalis

A

Temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible

38
Q

What direction does the superior oblique move the eyeballs?

A

Inferiorly and laterally

39
Q

What direction does the inferior oblique move the eyeballs?

A

Superiorly and laterally

40
Q

What does the elevator pal-erase superioris do?

A

Raises the upper eyelids, opens eyes.

41
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: Manubrium and medial third of clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line.
Action: Bilaterally causes flexion, unilaterally causes head to rotate to opposite side of muscle belly.

42
Q

Sternohyoid

A

Sternohyoid
Origin: Manubrium and medial end of clavicle
Insertion: Body of hyoid bone
Action: lowers hyoid bone.

Systemic Anatomy Unit 2 (6 decks)

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