Muscular System 3 Flashcards
What are the learning outcomes for topic 2.2b?
- Identify selected muscles of the thorax and abdomen, and describe their actions
- Identify selected respiratory muscles and describe their actions
- Identify selected muscles of the pelvic floor and describe their actions
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What are the key roles of muscles located in the thoracic region?
- Stabilise and extend the vertebral column
- Stabilise or move the scapula
- Assist with respiration
- Move the arm at the shoulder joint
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What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?
The diaphragm is the prime mover of inspiration, innervated by the Phrenic nerve
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Which muscles assist with inspiration and expiration?
- External intercostal muscles (inspiration)
- Internal intercostal muscles (expiration)
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What are the key roles of the abdominal muscles?
- Stabilise and flex the vertebral column
- Move the lower limb at the hip joint
- Protect and support the viscera
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What is the linea alba?
A tendinous seam that runs from the sternum to the pubic symphysis
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What are the three columns of the erector spinae muscles?
- Spinalis muscles
- Longissimus muscles
- Iliocostalis group
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What is the function of the Quadratus Lumborum muscle?
- Extends the lumbar spine when contracted bilaterally
- Causes lateral flexion of the vertebral column when contracted unilaterally
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Which muscles are considered agonists for shoulder or arm movement?
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
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What are the four paired muscles that support the abdominal wall?
- External oblique
- Rectus abdominis
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
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How do the abdominal muscles contract during a sit-up?
They contract concentrically, causing flexion of the trunk
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What is the Valsalva manoeuvre?
A maneuver that increases intra-abdominal pressure during activities like urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting, sneezing, and coughing
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What muscles are included in the pelvic floor?
- Levator ani
- Coccygeus
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What is the primary role of the diaphragm?
To separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and assist in respiration
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What happens during quiet exhalation?
It is a passive process, with no respiratory muscle contraction
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What occurs during forced exhalation?
- Contraction of abdominal muscles
- Contraction of internal intercostal muscles
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What is the perineum?
The region located inferior to the pelvic floor
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What does the deep layer of the perineum contain?
- Urogenital diaphragm
- Deep transverse perineal muscle
- External urethral sphincter
- External anal sphincter
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True or False: Weak pelvic floor muscles can lead to incontinence.
True
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