Anatomy Axial Skeleton Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton composed of?
The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
The thoracic cage includes the sternum and the ribs.
How many bones are in the human skull, and how are they categorized?
There are 22 bones in the human skull: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
What are the key features of the human skull that should be identified?
Key features include:
* Anterior aspect
* Posterior aspect
* Lateral aspect
* Superior aspect
* Inferior aspect
What are paranasal sinuses?
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in several skull bones that lighten the skull.
What is the term for inflammation of the paranasal sinuses?
Sinusitis.
What type of joints unite most bones of the adult skull?
Interlocking joints called sutures.
Which cranial bone houses the frontal lobe of the brain?
The frontal bone.
What is the function of the supraorbital foramen?
It allows the passage of blood vessels.
What bones articulate with the frontal bone?
The parietal bones articulate with the frontal bone.
Which bone is known as the keystone of the cranium?
The sphenoid bone.
What is the significance of the occipital bone?
It forms the majority of the posterior segment of the skull.
What are the paired bones in the facial skeleton?
The facial skeleton is made up of 14 bones, most of which are paired, except for the mandible and the vomer.
What do the nasal bones form?
The bridge of the nose.
What are the functions of the maxillae?
The maxillae secure the upper row of teeth and articulate with all facial bones except the mandible.
What is the largest and strongest facial bone?
The mandible.
What is the function of the inferior nasal conchae?
They increase air turbulence and assist in trapping dust and pollen.
What is the anterior cranial floor primarily formed by?
The frontal bone.
What is the sella turcica?
A saddle-shaped prominence in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.
What is the foramen magnum?
The large hole in the occipital bone where the spinal cord ends and the brainstem begins.
What are the main parts of the temporal bone?
The temporal bone has three main parts:
* Squamous part
* Tympanic part
* Petrous part
What is the role of the cribriform plate?
It allows olfactory nerves to pass information regarding smell from the nasal cavity to the brain.
What are the key features visible from the inferior view of the skull?
Features include:
* Foramen magnum
* Occipital condyles
* Jugular foramen
* Carotid canal
What is the purpose of the crista galli?
It serves as an attachment point for the falx cerebri.
What bones form the floor of the skull?
The occipital bone and the parietal bones
The occipital bone provides the floor, while the parietal bones provide the walls.
What bones surround and protect the eye?
The bones of the orbit
The orbit contains several bones, including the sphenoid bone.
What is the posterior bone in the orbit called?
The sphenoid bone
What are the passageways for cranial nerves from the brain to the eye?
The superior orbital fissure and the optic canal
The superior orbital fissure is a long crescent-shaped opening.
What structure houses the pituitary gland?
The hypophyseal fossa
It is located in the sella turcica.
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
The cribriform plate
It is part of the ethmoid bone.
What allows the passage of olfactory nerves?
Foramina in the cribriform plates
What forms the superior part of the nasal septum?
The perpendicular plate
It is part of the ethmoid bone.
What is the projection from between the cribriform plates called?
Crista galli
It is also known as the ‘rooster’s comb’.
What are the spaces within the ethmoid bone that can be blocked by sinus issues?
Ethmoid air cells or ethmoid sinuses
What do the middle nasal conchae help regulate?
Air flow during inhalation
What is the maxilla known as?
The keystone bone of the face
What does the alveolar process of the maxilla hold?
The upper teeth
What forms the anterior 2/3rds of the hard palate?
The palatine processes of the maxilla
What is the largest and strongest bone in the face?
The mandible
What joint is formed by the mandibular condylar processes?
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
What is the attachment for the lower teeth in the mandible?
The alveolar process
What do the mandibular foramen allow for in dental procedures?
Injection of lidocaine to block nerve transmission
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Mucosal-lined, air-filled spaces within the skull bones
What is one purpose of the paranasal sinuses?
To lighten the weight of the skull
Other purposes include enhancing voice resonance and humidifying inspired air.
How many bones are in the human skull?
22 bones: 8 cranial and 14 facial
What do cranial bones protect?
The brain and special senses
What do the maxillae and mandible form?
The upper and lower jaw bones
What do the paranasal sinuses help with?
Humidifying inspired air
