muscular system Flashcards

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1
Q

What are voluntary muscles

A

Voluntary muscles are under your control and you choose when to contract and relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton.

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2
Q

What are involuntary muscles

A

Involuntary muscles aren’t under our control. They contract and relax automatically by the involuntary nervous system. These muscles can be digestive organs, circulatory and urinary systems.

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3
Q

What are cardiac muscles

A

Cardiac muscle is only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardiac muscle is made up of interlaced fibres. These fibres can spread electronic signals from the brain right through the heart so the cells can contract

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4
Q

What is the muscle situated in the shoulder

A

Deltoid

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5
Q

What is the muscle situated on the inside of the arm

A

Biceps

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6
Q

What is the muscle situated in the chest

A

Pectoralis Major

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7
Q

What is the muscle situated in the middle of the body

A

Abdomen

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8
Q

What is the muscle situated on both sides of the body

A

External Obliques

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9
Q

Which muscle is situated on the inner thigh

A

Hip flexors

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10
Q

What muscle is situated on the front of the thigh

A

Quadriceps

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11
Q

What muscle is situated on the front of the shin

A

Tibial is anterior

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12
Q

What muscle is situated on the back

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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13
Q

What muscle is situated on the back of the arm

A

Tricep

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14
Q

What muscle is situated on your bottom

A

Glutes Maximus or Gluteals

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15
Q

What muscle is situated on the back of the thigh

A

Hamstrings

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16
Q

What is the calf muscle called

A

Gastrocnemius

17
Q

What are antagonistic pairs

A

When one muscle contracts (agonist) the other relaxes (antagonist) to allow the joint to work. E.g. bicep and triceps

18
Q

What are Muscle fibres

A

Make up voluntary (skeletal) muscles ; divided into type 1, type 2a, type 2x.

19
Q

What are Type 1 muscle fibres

A

Slow twitch muscle fibres ; suited to low intensity work, e.g. marathon running, as they can be used for a long period without fatiguing.

20
Q

What are type 2a muscle fibres

A

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work; can be improved through endurance training to increase their resistance to fatigue

21
Q

What are type 2x muscle fibres

A

Fast twitch muscle fibres used in anaerobic work can generate much greater force than any other fibre types, but fatigue quickly.

22
Q

What is myoglobin

A

A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles

23
Q

Function of deltoid

A

Move the arm in all directions at the shoulder

24
Q

Function of the pectoralis major

A

Adduction the arm at the shoulder

25
Q

Function of the latissimus dorsi

A

Adduct and extend the arm at the shoulder

26
Q

Functions of the biceps

A

Flex the arm at the elbow

27
Q

Function of the tricep

A

Extend the arm at the elbow

28
Q

Function of the external obliques

A

Pull the chest downwards; flex and rotates the spinal column; one side contracting creates a side bend

29
Q

Function of the Gluteals

A

Adducts and extends the leg at the hips, pull the leg backwards

30
Q

Functions of the hip flexors

A

Flexes the hip, help move the leg and knee up towards the body

31
Q

Functions of the quadriceps

A

Extends the leg at the knee

32
Q

Function of the hamstring

A

Flexes the leg at the knee

33
Q

Function of the gastrocnemius

A

Point the toes (plantar flexes the ankle), helps flex the knee

34
Q

Function of the tibialis anterior

A

Pull the toes up towards the shin (dorsi flexes the ankle)