muscular system Flashcards
what is an isometric contraction?
a contraction where there is no change in length of the muscles
what is a consetric contraction?
a contraction where the muscle shortens
what is an esentric conreaction?
a contraction where the muscle lengthens
what is the agonistic muscle ?
the muscle responsible for the movement
what is the antagonistic muscles ?
the muscle that relaxe in responce to the active muscle
what is the fixator muscle ?
the muscle that stabilises the contraction . (always an isometric contraction)
describe how the muscles work in the lower phase of a press up
bicep - antagonist (relaxing consentricaly )
tricep - agonist (contracting esentricaly)
erector spinae group - fixator (isometric)
describe how the muscles work during the upward phase of a press up
bicep - antagonist (relaxing esentricaly )
tricep - agonist (contracting consentricaly )
erector spinae group - fixator (isometric)
describe the muscles during the lower phase of the bicep curl
bicep - agonist (contracting esentricaly )
tricep - antagonist (relaxing consentricaly )
deltoids - fixator (isometric)
describe how the muscles work during the upper phase of the bicep curl
bicep - agonist (contracting consentricaly )
tricep - antagonist (relaxing ecentricaly )
deltoids - fixator ( isometric )
what are the 3 different muscle fiber types ?
1-slow oxidative
2a-fast oxidative glycotic
2b-fast glycotic
give an example of a sport best suited to a person wit lots of type 1 muscle fibers
tryathleet
give an example of a sport best suited to a person wit lots of type 2a muscle fibers
wing attack in netball
give an example of a sport best suited to a person wit lots of type 2b muscle fibers
100m sprint
what are the short turm efects of exersise on the muscular system ?
Increased blood flow to the muscles
Increase in muscle temperature
Increase and alters to hormones
Increase chance of DOMS
Fatigued muscles
Energy stores and myoglobin levels within muscles become depleted
what are the long turm efects of exersise on the muscular system ?
Increase thickness to muscle fibres
Increased number of muscle fibres
Develop bigger more efficient capillary beds , increase in mitochondria
Increase in ability of fuel stores required
Without suitable rest can lead to overuse injury
what is the efect of a warm up on the muscular system ?
Increase blood flow
Increase temperature in muscles
Makes muscles more pliable
what efect dose a cool down have on the muscular system ?
Maintains blood flow
Allows muscles to replenish glycogen levels
type 1 :
force of contraction
speed of contrcation
resistance to fatigue
anerobic or areobic
myglobin
mitocondria
capillary network
moderate
slow
high
aerobic
high
lots of
high
type 2a :
force of contraction
speed of contrcation
resistance to fatigue
anerobic or areobic
myglobin
mitocondria
capillary network
high
moderate
moderate
both
moderate
less than type 1
moderate
type 2b :
force of contraction
speed of contrcation
resistance to fatigue
anerobic or areobic
myglobin
mitocondria
capillary network
high
fats
low
anerobic
low
low
low
what are the main muscles acting at the sholder ?
Deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, trapezius, teres major
what are the main muscles acting at elbow ?
Biceps brachii, triceps brachii
what are the main muscles acting at the radio-ulner joint ?
Pronator teres, supinator muscle
what are the main muscles acting at the writs?
Wrist flexors, wrist extensors
what are the main musces acting at the vertibray column ?
Rectus abdominis, erector spinae group, internal and external obliques
what are the main muscles acting at the hip ?
Iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus
what are the main muslces acitng at the knee ?
Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus,
what are the main muscles acting at the ankle ?
Tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, soleus
what is the link between the dtructure of type 1 muscle fibers and there function ?
type 1 muscle fibers work for a long amut of time and respire aerobicly , type 1 muscle fivers have a high amount of mitocondria (this is where aerobic respiration takes place ) and they have a lot of myglobin (they have a high affinity for oxegen). they have a high level of cappilary network because they need acces to oxegen for respiration.
what is the link between the dtructure of type 2a muscle fibers and there function ?
type 2a muscle fibers work with short sharp bursts of energy , they have moderate consentration of myglobin because they can respire both aerobicaly and anaerobicaly , they hve less itocondria than type 1 because they dont respire totaly aerobicaly but they still have more than type 2b . They have a moderate capillary network because they still need acces to oxegen but dont need that much .
what is the link between the dtructure of type 2b muscle fibers and there function ?
type 2b muscle fibers are used for small bursts of energy . They can only respire anaerobicaly so they have a very low level of myglobin and mitocondria . there capillary network is low because they dont need acces to oxegen .
