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cardiovascular system Flashcards

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1
Q

describe the jeorny of the blood

A

deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart through the vena cave and flows into the right atrium , it then passes the trycuspid valve into the rigth ventricle where it is then pumped through the pulmonary artery into the lungs . Oxygenated blood fromt he lungs enter the heart via the plmonary vein and flows into the left atrium , it them passes the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle where it is pumped out of the aorta and into the rest of the body .

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2
Q

what dose cardiac output mean?
what is the average ?

A

the amout of blood pumped out of the heart every minute
average - 5Lpm

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3
Q

what dose heat rate mean ?
what is the average ?

A

the number of beats the heart makes per minute
average - 76 bpm (60-80)

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4
Q

what dose stroke volume mean?
what is the average SV?

A

the volume of blood pumped out of the heart at every beat
average - 70ml

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5
Q

what is the equasion linking CO , HR and SV ?

A

CO = HR X SV

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6
Q

what is an artery and what do they do ?
how dose there structure relate to this ?

A

a blood vesell that carries oxevenated blood away from the heart at a high presure .
they have thick elasic and muscular walls with a thin lumen to maintain the preasue .

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7
Q

what are arterioles and what do they do ?

A

small blood vesles conecting capillaries and arterys
can change in size to controle blood flow

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8
Q

what is a venule and what dose it do ?

A

a small blood vesel conecting capillaries to veins

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9
Q

what are veins and what do they do ?
how dose there structure relate to this ?

A

blood veslells that carry deoxegenated towards the heart at a low preasure .
veins have a wide lumen and have valves to prevent back flow of blood that open and close depending on preasure .

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10
Q

what are capillaries and what do they do ?

A

the smallest blood vesels .
one cell thick to create a short diffusion path way .
involved in gasious exchange

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11
Q

where are veins placed and why is this significant ?

A

veins are located within a muscle or between muslces and bones to keep the blood moving within them (when the mucles contract it squezes the veins moving the blood )

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12
Q

name the 4 components of the blood

A

plazma
platelets
erythocytes (red blood cells )
luekocytes (white blood cells)

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13
Q

what is the role of plazma ?

A

carrys cells around the body
regulates he bodys fluids
55% of the blood

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14
Q

what is the role of erythrocytes?

A

have heamaglobin to cary oxegen
carry co2 and other biproducts away from muscles

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15
Q

what is the role of leukocytes?

A

imune system
fights infection
produces antibodies and anti toxins

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16
Q

what is the role of platlets ?

A

form blood clots on cuts to prevent infection
prevent damage and blood loss to muscles
involved in hypertrophy of muscles

17
Q

what are the short turm effects of exersise on the cardiovascular sysetm ?

A

Increases heart rate

Increases level of oxygen going into the muscles and tissues

Increases stroke volume

Increase in cardiac output

18
Q

what are the long turm efects of exersise on the cardiovascular system ?

A

Increase stroke volume

Decrease resting heart rate

Chambers of the heart increase in size

19
Q

what efect dose a warm up have on the cardiovascular system?

A

Gradually raises the heart rate to increase oxygen flow into the muscles

Increases venous return

Increase cardiac output .

20
Q

what efect dose a cool down have on the cardiovascular system ?

A

Gradually return the heat rate to resting .

21
Q

explain the vascular shuntmachanism

A

the redistrobusion of the blood due to the demands of exersise .
during exersise blood flow to the digestive organs decreace and the bloodflow to working muscles increase .

22
Q

how dose the vascularshunt mechanism work ?

A

the veins and arterys vasoconstrict around the digestive organs to constrict the amount of blood going to them .

23
Q

dose the blood flow to the brain ever change ?

A

no

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