cardiovascular system Flashcards
describe the jeorny of the blood
deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart through the vena cave and flows into the right atrium , it then passes the trycuspid valve into the rigth ventricle where it is then pumped through the pulmonary artery into the lungs . Oxygenated blood fromt he lungs enter the heart via the plmonary vein and flows into the left atrium , it them passes the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle where it is pumped out of the aorta and into the rest of the body .
what dose cardiac output mean?
what is the average ?
the amout of blood pumped out of the heart every minute
average - 5Lpm
what dose heat rate mean ?
what is the average ?
the number of beats the heart makes per minute
average - 76 bpm (60-80)
what dose stroke volume mean?
what is the average SV?
the volume of blood pumped out of the heart at every beat
average - 70ml
what is the equasion linking CO , HR and SV ?
CO = HR X SV
what is an artery and what do they do ?
how dose there structure relate to this ?
a blood vesell that carries oxevenated blood away from the heart at a high presure .
they have thick elasic and muscular walls with a thin lumen to maintain the preasue .
what are arterioles and what do they do ?
small blood vesles conecting capillaries and arterys
can change in size to controle blood flow
what is a venule and what dose it do ?
a small blood vesel conecting capillaries to veins
what are veins and what do they do ?
how dose there structure relate to this ?
blood veslells that carry deoxegenated towards the heart at a low preasure .
veins have a wide lumen and have valves to prevent back flow of blood that open and close depending on preasure .
what are capillaries and what do they do ?
the smallest blood vesels .
one cell thick to create a short diffusion path way .
involved in gasious exchange
where are veins placed and why is this significant ?
veins are located within a muscle or between muslces and bones to keep the blood moving within them (when the mucles contract it squezes the veins moving the blood )
name the 4 components of the blood
plazma
platelets
erythocytes (red blood cells )
luekocytes (white blood cells)
what is the role of plazma ?
carrys cells around the body
regulates he bodys fluids
55% of the blood
what is the role of erythrocytes?
have heamaglobin to cary oxegen
carry co2 and other biproducts away from muscles
what is the role of leukocytes?
imune system
fights infection
produces antibodies and anti toxins
what is the role of platlets ?
form blood clots on cuts to prevent infection
prevent damage and blood loss to muscles
involved in hypertrophy of muscles
what are the short turm effects of exersise on the cardiovascular sysetm ?
Increases heart rate
Increases level of oxygen going into the muscles and tissues
Increases stroke volume
Increase in cardiac output
what are the long turm efects of exersise on the cardiovascular system ?
Increase stroke volume
Decrease resting heart rate
Chambers of the heart increase in size
what efect dose a warm up have on the cardiovascular system?
Gradually raises the heart rate to increase oxygen flow into the muscles
Increases venous return
Increase cardiac output .
what efect dose a cool down have on the cardiovascular system ?
Gradually return the heat rate to resting .
explain the vascular shuntmachanism
the redistrobusion of the blood due to the demands of exersise .
during exersise blood flow to the digestive organs decreace and the bloodflow to working muscles increase .
how dose the vascularshunt mechanism work ?
the veins and arterys vasoconstrict around the digestive organs to constrict the amount of blood going to them .
dose the blood flow to the brain ever change ?
no
