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ANAPHY > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Muscular System?

A

MMSPRCC
Movement
Maintain Posture
Stabilize Joints
Production of body heat
Respiration and heartbeat
Communication
Contraction of organs and vessels

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2
Q

Properties of Muscle

A

Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

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3
Q

Ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or contract

A

Contractibility

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4
Q

Capacity of Muscle to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

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5
Q

Ability to be stretched beyond it normal resting length and still be able to contract

A

Extensibility

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6
Q

Ability of the muscle to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched

A

Elasticity

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7
Q

Types of Muscles

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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8
Q

Attached to Bone
Striated
Voluntarily controlled

A

Skeletal

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9
Q

Located in the heart
Striated
Involuntarily Controlled

A

Cardiac

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10
Q

Located in the blood vessels, hollow organs
Non-striated visceral
Involuntarily controlled

A

Smooth

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11
Q

Also known as Striated Muscle

A

Skeletal Muscle

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12
Q

It can be seen in the muscle under microscope

A

Transverse Band or Striation

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13
Q

Example of Skeletal Muscle that are complete organ

A

Biceps Brachii

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14
Q

Each Skeletal M. is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath

A

Epimysium

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15
Q

Group of Muscle cells

A

Fascicles

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16
Q

Connective Tissue covering of Fascicles

A

Perimysium

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17
Q

Muscle fiber/cell is surrounded by a connective tissue covering

A

Endomysium

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18
Q

Single cylindrical cells with several nuclei located at its periphery

A

Muscle Fiber

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19
Q

Sarcolemma has many tubelike inward folds

A

T-tubules/ Transverse Tubules

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20
Q

T-tubules connect the sarcolemma to the terminal cisternae to form

A

Muscle Triad

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21
Q

Cytoplasm of muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

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22
Q

Bundles of protein filaments

A

Myofibrils

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23
Q

Kinds of Myofibrils

A

Myofilament
Actin
Myosin

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24
Q

Thick/Thin Filament
Dark/ Light Band

A

Thick- myosin molecules- Dark Band/ A band
Thin-actin molecules- Light band/ I band

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25
Q

Basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal
muscle because it is the smallest portion of a skeletal muscle capable of
contracting.

A

Sarcomere

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26
Q

3 Components of Actin Myofilament

A

Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

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27
Q

Resemble bundles of tiny golf clubs

A

Myosin Filament

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28
Q

What does myosin head have

A

ATP binding site

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29
Q

The electrical charge difference across the cell membrane of an
unstimulated cell

A

Resting Membrane Potential

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30
Q

The resting membrane potential is due to the inside of the membrane being?

A

Negatively Charged

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31
Q

Due to the membranes having gated channels

A

Action Potential

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32
Q

The resting membrane potential exist because of

A

Concentration of K being higher on the inside of the cell membrane
Concentration of Na being higher on the outside

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33
Q

The presence of negatively charged molecules such as protein causes RMP exists?

A

True

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34
Q

The presence of leak protein channels that are more permeable to K than Na

A

True

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35
Q

How to initiate a muscle contraction

A

RMP must be changed to an action potential when gated cell membrane channels open

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36
Q

The entry of NA causes the inside of the cell membrane to become more positive than when RMB

A

T

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37
Q

Increase in positive charge

A

Depolarization

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38
Q

How AP is triggered

A

If the depolarization changes the membrane potential to a value of treshold

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39
Q

Rapid change in charge across the cell membrane

A

Action Potential

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40
Q

What happened when the gated K channels are open

A

Repolarization

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41
Q

Repolarization is due to the exit of K from the cell

A

T

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42
Q

Outward diffusion of K turns the cell to its resting membrane condition

A

T

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43
Q

Action Potential results in

A

Muscle Contraction

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44
Q

A nerve cell stimulates muscle cells

A

Motor Neuron

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45
Q

Fiber of a nerve
connects with a muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

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46
Q

Cell-to-cell junction between a nerve cell to a nerve cell

A

Synapse

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47
Q

End of neuron cell axon fiber

A

Presynaptic terminal

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48
Q

Space between presynaptic terminal

A

Synaptic Cleft

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49
Q

Muscle fiber membrane

A

Postsynaptic Membrane

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50
Q

Vesicles in the presynaptic

A

Synaptic Vesicles

51
Q

Chemicals stimulate or inhibits postsynaptic cells

A

Neurotransmitter

52
Q

Neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle

A

Acetylcholine

53
Q

Two types of muscle contractions

A

Isometric and Isotonic.

54
Q

Increase in muscle tension, but no change in length

A

Isometric contraction

55
Q

Change in muscle length with no change in tension.

A

Isotonic contraction

56
Q

Isotonic contractions in which muscle tension increases as
the muscle shortens

A

Concentric contractions

57
Q

Isotonic contractions in which tension is maintained in a
muscle, but the opposing resistance causes the muscle to lengthen

A

Eccentric contractions

58
Q

Constant tension produced by body muscles over long
periods of time.

A

Muscle tone

59
Q

-non-striated small, spindle-shaped muscle cells, usually with one nucleus per cell.
-The myofilaments are not organized into sarcomeres.
-The controlled involuntarily
-Neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and other substances can
stimulate smooth muscle

A

Smooth Muscle

60
Q

-long, striated, and branching, with usually only one nucleus per cell.
-contraction is autorhythmic.
-Cells are connected to one another by specialized structures
that include desmosomes and gap junctions called intercalated disks.

A

Cardiac Muscle

61
Q

Connects Skeletal muscle to bone

A

Tendon

62
Q

Broad, sheetlike tendons

A

Aponeuroses

63
Q

Bands of connective tissue that holds down the tendon at each wrist and ankle

A

Retinaculum

64
Q

Attachment at the least mobile location

A

Origin

65
Q

End of the muscles attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement

A

Insertion

66
Q

Between the origin and insertion

A

Belly

67
Q

Group of muscles working together

A

Agonist

68
Q

Group of muscles oppose muscle actions

A

Antagonist

69
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Pterygoids (Medial and Lateral)
Buccinator

70
Q

Prime Mover of jaw closure (Trigeminal Nerve)

A

Masseter

71
Q

Closes Jaw (Trigeminal Nerve)

A

Temporalis

72
Q

Acts with lateral Pterygoid muscle to protract the mandible and promote side-to-side grinding movement (Trigeminal Nerve)

A

Medial Pterygoid

73
Q

Provide side to side grinding movement and protracts mandible (Trigeminal Nerve)

A

Lateral Pterygoid

74
Q

Compresses the cheek– keeps food between (Facial Nerve)

A

Buccinator

75
Q

Smile Facial Expression

A

Zygomaticus Major

76
Q

Pucker

A

Orbicularis Oris

76
Q

Pout

A

Mentalis

76
Q

Raised Eyebrow/ Wrinkled Forehead

A

Frontal Belly of Epicranius

76
Q

Angry Eyebrows

A

Corrugator Supercilii

76
Q

Blink

A

Orbicularis Oculi

77
Q

Tense Neck

A

Platysma

77
Q

Tongue and Swallowing Muscles

A

Suprahyoid Muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

78
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

79
Q

Open mouth and depress mandible

A

Digastric

80
Q

Elevates and retracts hyoid

A

Stylohyoid

81
Q

Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth

A

Mylohyoid

82
Q

Elevates and protracts hyoid

A

Geniohyoid

83
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid

84
Q

Depress larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed

A

Sternohyoid

85
Q

Depress larynx and hyoid bone

A

Sternothyroid

86
Q

Depresses and retracts hyoid bone

A

Omohyoid

87
Q

Depresses hyoid bones or elevates larynx

A

Thyrohyoid

88
Q

Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

A

Superior, Middle and Inferior Pharyngeal constrictor Muscle

89
Q

Constrict pharynx during swallowing

A

^^

90
Q

Anterolateral Neck Muscles

A

Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes

91
Q

Flexes and laterally rotates the head

A

Sternocleidomastoid

92
Q

Elevates first two ribs

A

Scalenes

93
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Back

A

Splenius

94
Q

Extend or hyperextend heads

A

Splenius

95
Q

Prime mover of back extension

A

Erector Spinae

96
Q

3 Erector Spinae

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

97
Q

Thoracis Muscle

A

External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Diaphragm

98
Q

Elevates ribs for inspiration

A

External Intercostals

99
Q

Depress ribs during forced expiration

A

Internal Intercostals

100
Q

Move during quiet breathing
Prime mover of inspiration

A

Diaphragm

101
Q

Abdominal Wall Muscles

A

Rectus Abdominis
External Abdominal Oblique
Internal Abdominal Oblique
Transverse Abdominis

102
Q

Center of Abdomen
Compresses Abdomen

A

Rectus Abdominis

103
Q

Side of abdomen

A

External Abdominal Oblique

104
Q

Prime mover of arm abduction

A

Deltoid

105
Q

Prime mover of arm extension

A

Latissimus dorsi

106
Q

Rotate arm medially

A

Subscapularis

107
Q

Powerful forearm extensor

A

Triceps brachii

108
Q

Prime mover of forearm pronation

A

Pronator Quadratus

109
Q

Prime mover of finger extension

A

Extensor digitorum

109
Q

Prime mover for flexing thigh

A

Iliacus (Iliopsoas)

109
Q

Thumbs Muscle

A

Abductor Pollicis brevis (Abducts thumb)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Flexes Thumb)
Opponens Pollicis (Opposition)
Adductor Pollicis (Adducts thumb)

110
Q

Little Finger Muscle

A

Abductor digiti minimi (Abducts)
Flexor digiti minimi (Flexes)
Oppones digiti minimi (Opposition)

111
Q

Major extensor of thigh

A

Gluteus Maximus

112
Q

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

A

Gluteus Medius

113
Q

Fleshy muscle of posterior thigh

A

Hamstring

114
Q

Prime mover of dorsiflexion

A

Tibialis anterior

115
Q

Prime mover of toe extension

A

Extensor Digitorum longus

116
Q

Prime mover of feet

A

Tibialis Posterior

ANAPHY (4 decks)

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