Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAPHY > Electrolytes and Acid-Base > Flashcards

Electrolytes and Acid-Base Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of bone and teeth, blood clotting, muscle contraction, release of neurotransmitter

A

Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Membrane Potentials

A

Na and K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Red blood cell formation

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Necessary for enzyme

A

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Present in Thyroid Horomone

A

Iodide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Water balance

A

Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acid-Base Balance

A

Hydrogen, Hydroxide, Bicarbonate and Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sodium

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal Value

A

135-145 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major ion in ECF

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Routes of Excretion of Sodium

A

Urine and Sweat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Affected by hormonal factors of Sodium

A

ADH & ANH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When drawing blood, we measure

A

Extracellular Value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What arteriole where Na are regulated

A

Afferent Pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

It relaxes afferent arteriole of the kidney to stimulate Renin

A

Decrease BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Foods rich in Na

A

Cured Meat
Canned Foods
Junk Foods
Condiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Imbalances typically associated with parallel changes in

A

Osmolality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Major Role of Na

A

ECF volume and concentration
Generation and transmission of nerve impulses
Acid Base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

High Sodium
Increased intake of eating salty foods

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ethiology of Hypernatremia

A

Near drowning (Ocean)
-drink a lot of Na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Manifestation

A

Dehydration
Headache/Fever
Diarrhea
Seizure (severe cases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment of Na

A

Replace it with Ca (yogurt and milk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Results from loss of Na

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Causes

A

Head Trauma
Adrenal Insufficiency
Gastrointestinal losses
Drinking hypo-osmolar fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Critical Values of Hypernatremia

A

CNS changes > 155 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hyponatremia Symptoms

A

Headache
Seizure (severe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ethiology of Hyponatremia

A

Caused by water excess
Fluid restriction is needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Treament

A

Give small amount of IV hypertonic saline solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Serious Value

A

125 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Potassium

A

K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Normal Values

A

3.5-4.5 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Mostly in intracellular

A

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How many percent in intracellular and intravascular

A

96%
4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Major source of

A

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Normal route of excretion

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cousin of K

A

Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

High K
Low K

A

High Mg
Low Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Critical Value >8

A

Cardiac Arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Level required for normal function of the Na-K pump

A

Normal Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Food rich in K

A

Spinach
Legumes
Beans
Fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What makes animal sleep

A

Potassium Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Necessary for

A

Transmission and conduction of nerve and muscle impulses
Cellular Growth
Maintenance of Cardiac Rhythms
Acid-Base Balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Increase intake of K

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

High serum K by

A

Massive Intake
Kidney Failure
Adrenal Insufficiency
ICF-ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Symptoms of Hyperkalemia

A

Muscle weakness (Cramping)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

ECG changes
Peak T-waves

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Cause Diarrhea
Low serum of K

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Associated with K loss in the kidney or gastrointestinal tracts

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Mg Deficiency

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Symptoms of Hypokalemia

A

Weakness, fatigue
Decreased muscle tone, leg cramps
Cardia changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Calcium

A

Ca++

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

T wave inversion
ST depression
Prominent U wave

A

Hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Normal Range

A

9-11 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

How many percent bound to protein albumin

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

99% of Calcium can be found in

A

Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Inverse relationship with

A

PO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Low Protein

A

Hard to absorb Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Blocks Na transport and stabilize cell membrane
Plays a role in clotting (Prothrombin)

A

Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

High Ca
Low Ca

A

Low P
High P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Ca balance is controlled by

A

PTH
Thyroid Calcitonin
GI absorption: Vit D (Calcitriol)

59
Q

Too much Na

A

Eat Ca

60
Q

Calcium need to be regulated in the

A

GI Tract
Blood
Bones

61
Q

It helps increase in Ca reabsorption into the bone with the mobilization of osteoclast through negative feedback mechanism

A

PTH

62
Q

Produce by the thyroid gland helps in bone deposition to resolve too much Ca in the bloodstream by using osteoblast

A

Calcitonin

63
Q

Allows the absorption of Ca

A

Vit D Calcitriol

64
Q

Ca is poorly absorbed

A

GI Tract

65
Q

Strengthen bones and teeth
Promotes absorption of B12
Transmission of nerve impulses
Myocardial contractions
Muscle contractions

A

Ca++

66
Q

Promotes coagulation

A

Convert prothombin to thrombin

67
Q

Foods rich in Ca

A

Dairy Products
Vegetables
Soy Beans

68
Q

Increased level of Ca in the blood

A

Hypercalcemia

69
Q

Disease of Hypercalcemia

A

Multiple Myeloma
Prolonged Immobility
Hyperparathyroidism
OD of Vit D

70
Q

Decreased pH increased ionized Ca

A

Acidosis

71
Q

Shortened ST segment
shortened QR

A

Hypercalcemia

72
Q

Weakness, lethargy, forgetful, confusion

A

Hypercalcemia

72
Q

Low serum Ca level

A

Hypocalcemia

73
Q

Disease state

A

Kidney Failure
Decreased production of PTH
Acute Pancreatitis
Multiple blood transfusion
Alkalosis
Abuse Diuretics

74
Q

Symptom of Hypocalcemia

A

Hyrreflexia

75
Q

Tap the face and observe twitching

A

Chvostek’s sign

76
Q

Observe Carpal spasm
As you inflate BP cuff
Above systolic pressure

A

Trousseau’s sign

77
Q

Elongation of ST segment
Prolonged QT interval
Ventricular TachycardiA

A

Hypocalcemia

78
Q

Phosphate

A

PO4

78
Q

Normal Value

A

2.8-4.5 mg/dL

79
Q

Intracellular fluid anion
Deposited within bones and teeth

A

Phosphate

80
Q

Phosphate is essential to

A

Muscles, RBC

81
Q

Phosphate excretion

A

Kidney

82
Q

Involved in acid-base buffer system,
Involved in metabolism of CHO, fats and CHON

A

PO4—

83
Q

Phosphate reciprocal relationship with

A

Ca

84
Q

Low kidney Function

A

Not much excrete P

85
Q

Foods rich in P

A

Liver
Sardines
Sausage
Egg

86
Q

High serums of PO4

A

Hyperphosphatemia

87
Q

Disease state

A

Kidney Failure
Chemotherapy
Excessive intake of dairy products and Vit D
Hypoparathyroidism

88
Q

Hyperphosphatemia is accompanied by

A

Hypocalcemia

89
Q

Low serums of PO4

A

Hypophophatemia

90
Q

Disease

A

Malnutrition
Alcohol withdrawal

91
Q

Chloride

A

Cl

92
Q

Normal Level

A

97-107 mEq/L

92
Q

Major ECE anion and assist in determining osmotic pressure

A

Cl

93
Q

It reflects change in osmolality and dilution or concentration level of ECF

A

Na and CL

93
Q

Cl are found mainly in

A

Interstitial Fluid and Lymph Fluid compartments

94
Q

Produce by the stomach where it come with H ion to form

A

HCl

95
Q

Also contained in pancreatic juices, sweat, saliva, bile

A

HCl

95
Q

Low salt intake causes Vomiting

A

Hypochloremia

96
Q

Inverse relationship with Cl

A

Bicarbonate HCO3

96
Q

Manifestation of Hypochloremia

A

Signs of Metabolic Alkalosis (elevated pH and high serum HCO3)
ABG- paCo2 may increase to 50 mm HG

97
Q

Low Cl parallels to

A

Na level

98
Q

Near drowning
too much salt

A

Hyperchloremia

99
Q

Occurs with?

A

Hypernatremia
Loss of HCO3
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

100
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg++

101
Q

Most abundant ICF cation next to K

A

Magnesium

102
Q

Normal Level of Mg

A

1.3-2.3 mEq/L

103
Q

50-60% contained in

A

Bone

104
Q

Coenzyme in metabolism of protein and carbs
Factors that regulate calcium balance appear
Predominantly found in bone and soft tissue

A

Mg

105
Q

1/3 of Mg

A

Protein Albumin

105
Q

Activator for many enzyme systems, CHO, CHON

A

Mg

105
Q

Absorption from

A

Small distal bowel

106
Q

Excretion vis

A

Kidney

107
Q

Mg acts directly on

A

Myoneural JunctioN

108
Q

Mg imbalance affect

A

Neuromuscular irritability and contractility

109
Q

What Mg produces at the neuromuscular junction

A

Sedative Effect

109
Q

Low serum of Mg

A

Hypomagnesemia

110
Q

Affects cardiovascular systen

A

Peripheral vasodilation of arteries and arterioles

111
Q

ETOH withdrawal
GI losses
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Deficient TPN and enteral therapy

A

Hypomagnesemia

112
Q

Kidney Failure
High Mg
Addison’s disease

A

Hypermagnesemia

113
Q

Prolonged fasting or starvation
Chronic Alcoholiusm
Diuretics

A

Hypo

114
Q

Occurs concurrently with increased K and Ca
Low bp
Facial flushing
Hyporeflexia of DTR

A

Hypermagnesemia

114
Q

Foundation of body building minerals

A

H

115
Q

Formation of fragile bonds important to maintain structure of protein molecules

A

H

115
Q

Weak bonds
Forms a bridge between Nitrogen and Oxygen

A

Hydrogen

116
Q

Sour taste
Burns
Protein donor
Substance thar can release H ions in detectable amount

A

Acid

116
Q

Bitter taste
Feels slippery to touch
Proton acceptors
Hydroxide is the most common inorganic base

A

Base OH

117
Q

Prevent major change in pH by removing or releasing H ion

A

Buffer SYstem

118
Q

Increase H

A

Acidity

119
Q

Decrease H

A

Alkalinity

120
Q

Extracellular buffer system

A

Bicarbonate
Monohydrogen-dihydrogen phosphate
Intracellular Proteins
Plasma Proteins
RBC and Hb

121
Q

Produced by protein metabolism

A

Sulfuric Acid and Phosphoric Acid

122
Q

Produced by incomplete lipid metabolism

A

Keto Acid

123
Q

Produced by anaerobic CHO metabolism

A

Lactic Acid

124
Q

3 Principal buffers in Kidney

A

Bicarbonate HCO3
Ammonia NH3
Phosphate PO4

125
Q

Combines with H to form the non-reabsorbable NH4 and combine with CL

A

Ammonia

125
Q

From hydrolysis reaction, CO2 is reabsorbed into the blood for excretion by the lungs and H2O to be eliminated by the kidneys

A

Bicarbonate

126
Q

Presence in the filtrate, exchange H ion and is excreted in the urine whereas HCO3 enter the blood

A

Phosphate

127
Q

ratio of CO2 to HCO3

A

1:20

128
Q

> 7.45

A

Alkalosis

129
Q

<7.35

A

Acidosis

129
Q

<6.8/ >7.8

A

Death

130
Q

Eliminates Co2
Medulla controls breathing
Responds within minutes/hours to changed in acid/base
Increased respiration

A

Respiratory System

131
Q

Eliminates H and reabsorbs HCO3
Reabsorption and secretions of electrolytes
Responds within hours to days

A

Renal System

132
Q

Imbalances occur when

A

Compensatory Mechanism fail

132
Q

Imbalances of Respiratory

A

Affect Carbonic Acid Concentration

ANAPHY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions