Muscular System Flashcards
the medical term for the calf muscle is?
the gastrocnemius
muscle that are partially contracted at all times are said to be in a constant state of readiness called muscle ____
tone
if a swimmer strains her shoulder during a race, what is the first thing that should be done?
apply ice
muscle ______ occurs if muscle cells are stimulated repeatedly without rest, lactic acid accumulates, and muscles lose the ability to contract
fatigue
what is the inflammation of a tendon called
tendonitis
do muscles produce body heat? (true or false)
true
what ability does the muscle have when it becomes shorter and thicker and causes movement?
contractibility
what kind of muscle forms the walls of the heart?
cardiac muscle
what is the major muscle that lies over the upper ribs?
the pectoralis major
what is the muscle that abducts the upper arm at the shoulder joint?
the deltiod
what type of muscle is voluntary?
skeletal muscle
what muscle is in the neck?
the trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid
which skeletal muscle aids in breathing?
the diaphragm
what condition occurs when your muscles become weak, or decrease in size, because of unuse?
muscle atrophy
circular muscles in the openings between the esophagus and stomach (and anus) are called?
sphincter muscles
what is the main muscle of the lower back?
the latissumus dorsi
a person who lifts weights and overuses their muscles. the overuse can cause the muscles to
hypertrophy
what muscles are found on the dorsal surface of the leg?
the hamstrings
what characteristic allows muscles to return to their original shape when relaxed?
elasticity
what muscles are found in the arm?
biceps, triceps, deltoid, and brachioradialis
what are the main muscles of the back?
the trapezius and the latissimus dorsi
what are the 3 main functions of muscles?
body movement, shape and posture, and body heat/temp
what are the 4 types of muscles?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth, and sphincter muscles
are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?
voluntary
are cardiac muscles voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
are sphincter muscles voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
are skeletal muscles striated?
yes
are smooth muscles striated?
no
are cardiac muscles striated?
yes
what are the main characteristics of skeletal muscles?
they’re attached to bone and help the human body move
what are the main characteristics of cardiac muscles?
it’s only found in the heart
what are the main characteristics of smooth muscles?
it’s found in organs within the digestive system
what is an open reduction?
fixing a fractured bone with surgery
what is a closed reduction?
fixing a fractured bone without surgery
what is it called when a muscle/ligament/tendon is torn and bleeding?
sprain
what is it called when you have a stretched muscle or “pulled” muscle?
strain
what is the autoimmune disorder that is characterized by fatigue & weakness in the muscles(especially in the facial muscles) called?
myasthenia gravis
what is the inherited degenerative disorder of the muscle that is most common in boys and usually starts in the legs?
muscular dystrophy
what disorder causes weakening in the abdominal muscle, that causes the muscle to bulge?
a hernia
what is contractability?
ability of a muscle to shorten
what is excitability?
ability of muscles to respond to stimuli
what is extensibility?
ability of muscles to stretch
what is elasticity?
ability of muscles to return to their original lengths
what is muscle tone?
muscles being in a constant state of partial contraction
how many muscles are in the body?
over 650
what are the two types of muscle contractions?
isometric and isotonic contractions
what are isometric contractions?
when tension builds in the muscle but it does not shorten
what are isotonic contractions?
when muscles contract and shorten
what type of muscle contraction is walking?
isotonic
what type of muscle contraction is yoga?
isometric
