muscular system :) Flashcards
twice, double, two
bi-
hernia, tumor, swelling
-cele
bad, difficult, or painful
dys
fascia, fibrous band
fasci/o
fibrous tissue, fiber
fibr/o
abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
-ia
pertaining to
-ic
movement
kines/o, kinesi/o,
muscle
my/o
paralysis, stroke
-plegia
rupture
-rrhexis
coordination, order
tax/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
tone, stretching, tension
ton/o
three
tri-
the motion of a limb or appendage away from the midline of the body
abduction
a muscle that draws a part toward the median line of the body or toward the axis of an extremity
adduction
this condition occurs in the soft tissue where the collagen fibers “stick” to the adjacent tissue
adhesion
poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements
ataxia
“without tone”
atonic
the wasting (thinning) or loss of muscle tissue
atrophy
slowness of movement and speed (of progressive hesitations/ halts) as movements are continued
bradykinesia
a numbness and tingling in the hand and arm caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist
carpal tunnel syndrome
a complicated disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for at least six months and that can be fully explained by an underlying medical condition
chronic fatigue syndrome
movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed
circumduction
a condition of a shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints
contracture
the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot
dorsiflexion
abnormality or impairment of voluntary movement
dyskinesia
a state of abnormal muscle tone resulting in muscular spasm and abnormal posture, typically due to neurological disease or a side effect of drug therapy
dystonia
the recording of the electrical activity of muscle tissue, or is representation as a visual display or audible signal, using electrodes attached to the skin or inserted into the muscle
electromyography
a painful inflammation of the tendons surronding an epicondyle
epicondylitis
the study of people efficiency in their working environment
ergonomics
the study of physical activity
exercise physiologist
inflammation of the fascia
fasciilitis
a chronic disorder that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body, as well as fatigue and trouble sleeping
fibromyalgia
lumps that most commonly develop in the wrist
ganglion cyst
when calcuim deposits build up on the underside of the heel bone, a process that usually occurs over a period of many months
heel spur
muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and fascial muscles
hemiparesis
a paralysis on one side of the body
hemiplegia
a bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening
hernia
extreme or excessive activity of a part of the body, especially the muscles
hyperkinesia
an abnormally low level of muscle tone
hypotonia
shoulder pain caused by connective tissue (a tendon) rubbing on a shoulder blade
impingement syndrome
a muscle’s distal attachment - the end of the muscle furthest away from the torso
insertion
muscle pain that happens when you’re active and stops when you are at rest
intermittent claudication
a group of muscle diseases caused by mutations in a person’s genes
muscular dystrophy
chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles worsens after periods of activity and improves after periods of rest
myathenia gravis
protrusion of muscle through a rupture in its sheath
myocele
sudden, brief, involuntary twitching or jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
myoclonus
a type of physical therapy often used to treat myofasical pain syndrome
myofasical release
destruction or disintergration of muscle tissue
myolysis
a medical condition during which a person suffers from slight muscular paralysis or weakness, which leads to to a partial loss of movement
myoparesis
suture of a muscle
myorrhaphy
relating to nerves and muscles
neuromuscular
sterotyped, repetitive jerks of the lower limbs that occur during sleep or wakefulness
nocturnal myoclonus
one of the outermost abdominal muscles, extending from the lower half of the ribs around and down to the pelvis
oblique
the loss of the ability to move some or all of your body
paralysis
paralysis of the legs and lower body, typically caused by spinal injury or disease
paraplegia
a doctor who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation
physiatrist
an inflammation of a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes
plantar fasciiltis
one of a group of muscle diseases known as the inflammatory myopathies, which are characterized by chronic muscle inflammation accompained by muscle weakness
polymyostitis
a natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking
pronation
affected by or relating to paralysis of all four limbs; tetraplegic
quadriplegic
used to measure the degree of movement of a joint
range of motion testing
gradual loss of muscle mass, strength and function
sarcopenia
pain caused by overuse along the shinbone, the large front bone in the lower leg
shin splint
hiccups
singultus
a painful condition in which your neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing your head to twist or turn to one side
spasmodic torticollis
a ring of muscle surronding and serving to guard or close to an opening or tube, such as the anus or the openings of the stomach
sphincter
any injury to the ligaments around a joint
sprain
a surgical procedure that is typically used to treat injuries to the biceps tendon in the shoulder
tenodesis
inflammation of the protective sheath (the synovial membrane) that surrounds your tendons
tenosynovitis
a surgical procedure to release or free a tendon from adhesions
tenolysis
the union of torn or divided tendons by means or sutures
tenorrhaphy
the deepest of the 6 abdominal muscles
transverse
attaches muscles to the bottom of the patella
patellar tendon
attaches the gastrocnemius muscle ( the major muscle of the calf of the leg)
achilles tendon
sheet-like fibrous connective tissue, which resembles a flattened tendon that serves as a fascia to bind muscles to bone
aponeurosis
voluntary muscles and striations
skeletal muscles
involuntary and nonstriated
smooth muscles
action is involuntary, but striated
myocardial muscle
the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motornerve
muscle innveration
tightening of muscles
contraction
muscle returns to original form
relaxation
