Muscular System

Question 1

Three types of muscles

Answer 1

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 2

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 2

• majority of muscle in the body, long parallel bundles of multinucleated fibers with transverse stripes
• voluntary control; powerful contractions; innervated by somatic and branchial motor nerves

Question 3

Function of skeletal muscle (2)

Answer 3

1. move bones and other structures

2. give form and provide support to the body

Question 4

What are skeletal muscles named by?

Answer 4

shape, attachment, function, position, and fiber orientation

Question 5

Smooth Muscle

Answer 5

• non-striated; elongated spindle-shaped fibers

- involuntary control; innervated by visceral motor nerves; slow, sustained contractions

Question 6

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 6

GI tract, urogential/genitourinary tracts, repertory tract, eyeball, hair follicles in skin, and blood vessels

Question 7

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 7

• found only in the heart and in the large vessels near attachment to the heart
• striated, intercalated discs
• individual cells are networked mechanically and electrically to function as a singular unit
• innervated by visceral motor nerves; less powerful contractions that skeletal muscle, never tires

Question 8

Muscle paralysis (ITC)

Answer 8

inability to move a specific muscle or muscle group; may experience loss of sensation (neurological deficit - brain, spinal cord, and/or spinal nerves)

Question 9

Potential causes of muscle paralysis (ITC)

Answer 9

stroke, trauma, poliomyelitis, iatrogenic factors (malpractice, adverse drug side effects, medical error, negligence)

Question 10

Muscle Strain/Injury (ITC)

Answer 10

usually related to sudden exertion or disruption (athletes are commonly affected); tears can range from small interstitial injury to total muscle disruption (extent of injury impacts treatment type and length)

Question 11

Muscle Atrophy (ITC)

Answer 11

wasting disorder of muscle caused by various circumstances (i.e. nerve damage, disuse); treatment is extensive rehabilitation