Muscular Contraction and Energy metabolism Flashcards
what is homeostasis
maintenance of a consistent and stable internal environment
what can disturb homeostasis
blood pressure, temperature, acid-base balance, body water composition
acute response to exercise
Cardiovascualr system- cardiac output increases, mabp increases, increase in coronary artery flow
Respiratory - increased pulmonary ventilation
Chronic adaptations
musculoskeletal- increased ability to store glycogen and use fat stores, increase in capillaries to muscles, increase in bone mass
exercise biochemstry
the intesity and duration of the exercise will determine the order of systems that the body will use
ATP Muscular contractions
Phosphocreatine hydrolysis- anaerobic metabolism metabolism, high power output however stores are limited
how does phosphocreatine hydrolysis occur
creatine kinase breaks down phosphocreatine to creatine and the ATP phosphate is donated to ADP to form ATP
glycolysis
occur in the cystol
involves a series of reactions that break down glucose into 2 x 3 - carbon pyruvate. Pyruvate then either converted to lactate or travels to mitochondria and converted to acetyl coenzyme A
ATP synthesis and Oxidative phosphorylation
occurs in the mitochondria, pyruvate converted to acetyl co enzyme A. Enters krebs cycle
Fat metabolism
what are acute repsonses
immediate short changes that occur in response to PA
Examples of acute responses
increase in heart rate, elevated breathing rate, redistribution of blood flow to working muscles, rise in body temperature, and the utilization of immediate energy sources like ATP and creatine phosphate. These responses collectively aim to supply more oxygen and nutrients to the active tissues, remove metabolic byproducts, and support the increased energy demands of the body during exercise.
what are chronic adaptations
changes and improvements that occur in the body as a result of consistent and regular physical activity over an extended period. These adaptations reflect the body’s ability to adjust and optimize its function in response to sustained exercise. Chronic adaptations are not immediate or temporary; instead, they develop gradually over weeks, months, or years of consistent training.
examples of chronic adaptations
increased cardiovascular fitness, muscle hypertrophy (growth), improved metabolic efficiency, enhanced bone density, greater flexibility, and heightened neuromuscular coordination.
high intensity sports examples
Sprinting, HIIT, cycling, weight lifting , boxing
Prolonged exercise examples
marathon, triatalons, long distance running/cycling
example of mix of both
pitch/ soccer match
dicusss phoscreatine hydrolysis
anaerobic, PCr is broken down during exercise, it donates its phosphate group to ADP to form ATP
reversible method
discuss glycolysis
breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, anaerobic circumstances pyruvate is converted into lactic acid, aerobic circumstances pyruvate is converted into acetyl co enzyme A.
Key in high intesity training.
discuss oxidative phospharylation
pyruvate is converted to acetyl co enzyme A and undergoes the krebs cycle and the electrons are converted into protons which result in ATP synthesis
why do we require fat metabolism
body rellies on fat metabolism for energy during low intensity. Its required during endurance exercise as a fuel source. Regular exercise can lead to fat metabolism efficency
protein metabolism
can be used for energy production in intense exercise especially if carbavailabity is low
how does duration and intensity of event affect metabolic substrates
HIT requires PCr and anaerobic glycolysis
middle distance requires PCr, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
Stop- go field sports = combination and depends on position
dsicuss fatigue in HI
they rely on immediate sources of ATP and PCr which leads to depletion and fatigue. Increased anaerobic metabolism = lactic acid production which results in muscle fatigue. Fluid lost through sweat also causes fatigue
