Muscular Contraction and Energy metabolism

Question 1

what is homeostasis

Answer 1

maintenance of a consistent and stable internal environment

Question 2

what can disturb homeostasis

Answer 2

blood pressure, temperature, acid-base balance, body water composition

Question 3

acute response to exercise

Answer 3

Cardiovascualr system- cardiac output increases, mabp increases, increase in coronary artery flow
Respiratory - increased pulmonary ventilation

Question 4

Chronic adaptations

Answer 4

musculoskeletal- increased ability to store glycogen and use fat stores, increase in capillaries to muscles, increase in bone mass

Question 5

exercise biochemstry

Answer 5

the intesity and duration of the exercise will determine the order of systems that the body will use

Question 6

ATP Muscular contractions

Answer 6

Phosphocreatine hydrolysis- anaerobic metabolism metabolism, high power output however stores are limited

Question 7

how does phosphocreatine hydrolysis occur

Answer 7

creatine kinase breaks down phosphocreatine to creatine and the ATP phosphate is donated to ADP to form ATP

Question 8

glycolysis

Answer 8

occur in the cystol
involves a series of reactions that break down glucose into 2 x 3 - carbon pyruvate. Pyruvate then either converted to lactate or travels to mitochondria and converted to acetyl coenzyme A

Question 9

ATP synthesis and Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 9

occurs in the mitochondria, pyruvate converted to acetyl co enzyme A. Enters krebs cycle

Question 10

Fat metabolism

Question 11

what are acute repsonses

Answer 11

immediate short changes that occur in response to PA

Question 12

Examples of acute responses

Answer 12

increase in heart rate, elevated breathing rate, redistribution of blood flow to working muscles, rise in body temperature, and the utilization of immediate energy sources like ATP and creatine phosphate. These responses collectively aim to supply more oxygen and nutrients to the active tissues, remove metabolic byproducts, and support the increased energy demands of the body during exercise.

Question 13

what are chronic adaptations

Answer 13

changes and improvements that occur in the body as a result of consistent and regular physical activity over an extended period. These adaptations reflect the body’s ability to adjust and optimize its function in response to sustained exercise. Chronic adaptations are not immediate or temporary; instead, they develop gradually over weeks, months, or years of consistent training.

Question 14

examples of chronic adaptations

Answer 14

increased cardiovascular fitness, muscle hypertrophy (growth), improved metabolic efficiency, enhanced bone density, greater flexibility, and heightened neuromuscular coordination.

Question 15

high intensity sports examples

Answer 15

Sprinting, HIIT, cycling, weight lifting , boxing

Question 16

Prolonged exercise examples

Answer 16

marathon, triatalons, long distance running/cycling

Question 17

example of mix of both

Answer 17

pitch/ soccer match

Question 18

dicusss phoscreatine hydrolysis

Answer 18

anaerobic, PCr is broken down during exercise, it donates its phosphate group to ADP to form ATP
reversible method

Question 19

discuss glycolysis

Answer 19

breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, anaerobic circumstances pyruvate is converted into lactic acid, aerobic circumstances pyruvate is converted into acetyl co enzyme A.
Key in high intesity training.

Question 20

discuss oxidative phospharylation

Answer 20

pyruvate is converted to acetyl co enzyme A and undergoes the krebs cycle and the electrons are converted into protons which result in ATP synthesis

Question 21

why do we require fat metabolism

Answer 21

body rellies on fat metabolism for energy during low intensity. Its required during endurance exercise as a fuel source. Regular exercise can lead to fat metabolism efficency

Question 22

protein metabolism

Answer 22

can be used for energy production in intense exercise especially if carbavailabity is low

Question 23

how does duration and intensity of event affect metabolic substrates

Answer 23

HIT requires PCr and anaerobic glycolysis
middle distance requires PCr, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
Stop- go field sports = combination and depends on position

Question 24

dsicuss fatigue in HI

Answer 24

they rely on immediate sources of ATP and PCr which leads to depletion and fatigue. Increased anaerobic metabolism = lactic acid production which results in muscle fatigue. Fluid lost through sweat also causes fatigue