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Foundations > Muscles & Structures of the Abdominal Wall/Pelvis > Flashcards

Muscles & Structures of the Abdominal Wall/Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

External oblique

Action

A
  • Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

- flexes and rotates the trunk

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2
Q

External oblique

Innervation

A

Thoracoabdominal nn. T7–T11 and subcostal n.

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3
Q

External oblique

Blood supply

A

Superior and inferior epigastric a.a

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4
Q

Internal oblique

Innervation

A

Thoracoabdominal nn. T7–T11, subcostal n., and L1

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5
Q

Internal oblique

Blood supply

A

Superior and inferior epigastric a.a., deep circumflex iliac a.a.

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6
Q

Transversus abdominus

Action

A
  • Compresses and supports abdominal viscera

- flexes and rotates the trunk

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7
Q

Transversus abdominus

Innervation

A

Thoracolumbar nn. T7-T11, subcostal n., and L1

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8
Q

Transversus abdominus

Blood supply

A

Deep circumflex iliac and inferior epigastric a.a.

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9
Q

Rectus abdominis

Origin

A

Xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5–7

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10
Q

Rectus abdominis

Insertion

A

Pubic symphysis, and pubic crest

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11
Q

Rectus abdominis

Action

A

Flexes trunk, assists in pelvic tilt, and compresses abdominal viscera

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12
Q

Rectus abdominis

Innervation

A

Thoracoabdominal nn. T7–T11 and subcostal n.

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13
Q

Rectus abdominis

Blood supply

A

Superior and inferior epigastric a.a.

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14
Q

Transverse mesocolon attachments

A
  • Attaches transverse colon to the anterior surface of the duodenum and pancreas (along the posterior abdominal wall)
  • Left end: phrenicocolic ligament, which attaches the left colic flexure to the diaphragm
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15
Q

Psoas major

Origin

A

Lumbar vertebrae (bodies, intervertebral discs, and transverse processes)

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16
Q

Psoas major

Insertion

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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17
Q

Psoas major

Action

A

Flexes the thigh and extends the vertebral column

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18
Q

Psoas major

Innervation

A

L1–L4 (anterior rami)

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19
Q

Psoas major

Blood supply

A

Lumbar branches of iliolumbar artery

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20
Q

Psoas minor

Origin

A

Lateral surface of T12 and L1

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21
Q

Psoas minor

Insertion

A

Iliopubic eminence and arcuate line of the ilium

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22
Q

Psoas minor

Action

A

Tilts pelvis posteriorly

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23
Q

Psoas minor

Innervation

A

L1–L2 (anterior rami)

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24
Q

Psoas minor

Blood supply

A

Lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery

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25
Q

Iliacus

Origin

A

Iliac fossa

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26
Q

Iliacus

Insertion

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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27
Q

Iliacus

Action

A

Flexes the thigh

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28
Q

Iliacus

Innervation

A

Femoral n.

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29
Q

Iliacus

Blood supply

A

Iliac branches of iliolumbar artery

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30
Q

Quadratus lumborum

Origin

A

12th rib and lumbar transverse processes

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31
Q

Quadratus lumborum

Insertion

A

Iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest

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32
Q

Quadratus lumborum

Action

A

Flexes vertebral column laterally and anchors the rib cage during respiration

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33
Q

Quadratus lumborum

Innervation

A

T12–L4 (anterior rami)

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34
Q

Quadratus lumborum

Blood supply

A

Iliolumbar artery

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35
Q

Superficial inguinal canal borders

A

Anterior: External oblique aponeurosis

Posterior: Conjoined tendon and transversus abdominus aponeurosis

Superior: Internal oblique and transverus abdominus aponeuroses

Inferior: Inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

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36
Q

Lumbar plexus nerves (roots)

A
  • Ilio-inguinal nerve (L1)
  • Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (L2, L3)
  • Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
  • Genitofemoral nerve (L1, L2)
  • Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
  • Lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5)
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37
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve course

A

From L1

  • Enter the abdomen posterior to the medial arcuate ligaments
  • Run between the transversus abdominis and internal oblique
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38
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve

area it supplies

A

Supply the skin of the suprapubic and inguinal regions.

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39
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve course

A

L1

  • Runs above ilioinguinal n.
  • Enter the abdomen posterior to the medial arcuate ligaments
  • Run between the transversus abdominis and internal oblique
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40
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve (area it supplies)

A

Supply the skin of the suprapubic and inguinal regions

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41
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh nerve course

A

L2, L3

  • Enters the thigh posterior to the inguinal ligament, just medial to the anterior superior iliac spine
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42
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (area it supplies)

A
  • Skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh
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43
Q

Femoral nerve course

A

Emerges from the lateral border of the psoas

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44
Q

Femoral nerve (area it supplies)

A

Innervates the iliacus muscle and the extensor muscles of the knee

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45
Q

Genitofemoral nerve course

A

L1, L2

  • Pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle
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46
Q

Obturator nerve course

A

L2-L4

  • Emerges from the medial border of the psoas
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47
Q

Obturator nerve (area it supplies)

A

Supplies adductor muscles of the thigh

48
Q

Lumbosacral trunk course

A

Passes over the ala of the sacrum

49
Q

Lumbosacral trunk (area it supplies)

A

Joins the sacral plexus

50
Q

Internal iliac artery

Origin

A

Common iliac artery

51
Q

Internal iliac artery

Course

A
  • Passes medially over pelvic brim and descends into pelvic cavity
  • Often forms anterior and posterior divisions

**BRANCHES ARE HIGHLY VARIABLE

52
Q

Internal iliac artery

Distribution

A

Main blood supply to pelvic organs, gluteal muscles, and perineum

53
Q

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Course and Supply

A
  • Course: Passes laterally along lateral wall of pelvis, dividing into visceral, obturator (and internal pudendal in males) arteries
  • Supply: Pelvic viscera, perineum, and muscles of superior medial thigh
54
Q

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

Typical branches

A
  • Umbilical
  • Obturator
  • Inferior vesical (in males, comes of vaginal a. in females)
  • Middle rectal
  • Internal pudendal
  • Uterine (in females)
  • Vaginal (in females)
55
Q

Posterior division of internal iliac artery

Course & Supply

A
  • Course: Passes posteriorly and gives rise to parietal branches
  • Pelvic wall and gluteal region
56
Q

Posterior division of internal iliac artery

Typical branches

A
  • Iliolumbar

- Lateral sacral (superior and inferior)

57
Q

Umbilical artery

Origin

A

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

58
Q

Umbilical artery

Course

A

Short pelvic course; gives off superior vesical arteries

  • Afterwards, obliterates and becomes medial umbilical ligament
59
Q

Umbilical artery

Distribution

A 
Urinary bladder (females: superior aspect of urinary bladder)
- In some males, supplies ductus deferens
60
Q

Superior vesical artery

Origin

A

Patent part of umbilical artery

61
Q

Superior vesical artery

Course

A

Usually multiple; pass to superior aspect of urinary bladder

62
Q

Superior vesical artery

Distribution

A

Superior aspect of urinary bladder (and distal ureter in males)

63
Q

Artery to ductus deferens

Origin

A

Superior or inferior vesical artery

64
Q

Artery to ductus deferens

Course

A

Runs subperitoneally to ductus deferens

65
Q

Artery to the ductus deferens

Distribution

A

Ductus deferens

  • obviously in males only
66
Q

Obturator artery

Origin

A

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

67
Q

Obturator artery

Couse

A

Runs antero-inferiorly on lateral pelvic wall

- Through obturator foramen, often with obturator nerve

68
Q

Obturator artery

Distribution

A

Pelvic muscles, nutrient artery to head of femur and medial compartment of thigh

(Also distributed to ilium in females)

69
Q

Inferior vesical a.

Origin

A

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

- In males only

70
Q

Inferior vesical a.

Course

A

Passes subperitoneally giving rise to prostatic artery

- occasionally gives rise the artery to the ductus deferens

71
Q

Inferior vesical a.

Distribution

A

Inferior aspect of urinary bladder, pelvic ureter, seminal glands, and prostate

  • In males only
72
Q

Middle rectal artery

Origin

A

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

73
Q

Middle rectal artery

Course

A

Descends in pelvis to rectum

descends to inferior part in females

74
Q

Middle rectal artery

Distribution

A
  • Inferior part of rectum (males and females)

- Seminal glands and prostate in males

75
Q

Internal pudendal artery

Origin

A

Anterior division of internal iliac artery

76
Q

Internal pudendal artery

Course

A

Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen and enters perineum via lesser sciatic foramen

77
Q

Internal pudendal artery

Distribution

A

Main artery to perineum

  • In males, includes muscles and skin of anal and urogenital triangles; erectile bodies
  • In females, includes muscles of anal canal and perineum, skin and urogenital triangle and erectile bodies
78
Q

Iliolumbar artery

Origin

A

Posterior division of internal iliac artery

79
Q

Iliolumbar a.

Course

A

Ascends:

  • Anterior to sacro-iliac joint
  • Posterior to common iliac vessels and psoas major
80
Q

Iliolumbar a.

Distribution

A

Iliacus, psoas major, quadratus lumborum muscles, and cauda equina in vertebral canal

81
Q

Lateral sacral a. (superior and inferior)

Origin

A

Posterior division of internal iliac artery

82
Q

Lateral sacral a. (superior and inferior)

Course

A

Run on anteromedial aspect of piriformis to send branches into pelvic sacral foramina

83
Q

Lateral sacral a. (superior and inferior)

Distribution

A

Piriformis and erector spinae muscles, structures in sacral canal

84
Q

Testicular (gonadal) a.

Origin

A

Abdominal aorta

85
Q

Testicular (gonadal) a.

Course

A

Descends retroperitoneally; traverses inguinal canal and enters scrotum

86
Q

Testicular (gonadal) a.

Distribution

A

Abdominal ureter, testis and epididymis

87
Q 
Ovarian artery (gonadal a.)
Origin
A

Abdominal aorta

88
Q 
Ovarian artery (gonadal a.)
Course
A

Crosses pelvic brim and descends in suspensory ligament to ovary

89
Q 
Ovarian artery (gonadal a.)
Distribution
A

Abdominal and/or pelvic ureter, ovary, and ampullary end of uterine tube

90
Q

Uterine artery

Origin

A

Anterior division of IIA

91
Q

Uterine artery

Course

A
  • Runs anteromedially between broad and cardinal ligs.

- Crosses ureter superiorly to lateral aspect of uterine cervix

92
Q

Uterine artery

Distribution

A

Uterus, ligaments of uterus, medial parts of uterine tube and ovary, and superior vagina

93
Q

Vaginal a.

Origin

A

Anterior division of IIA

94
Q

Vaginal a.

Course

A

Divides into vaginal and inferior vesical branches

95
Q

Vaginal a.

Distribution

A

Vaginal branch: lower vagina, vestibular bulb, and adjacent rectum

Inferior vesical branch: fundus of urinary bladder

96
Q

External iliac artery branches

A
  • Deep circumflex iliac artery

- Inferior epigastric artery (travels along lateral umbilical fold)

97
Q

Superior gluteal artery

Origin, course

A

Origin: IIA

Course: often passes posteriorly between the anterior rami of L5 and S1

98
Q

Inferior gluteal artery

Origin, course

A

Origin: IIA

Course: often passes posteriorly between the anterior rami of S2 and S3

99
Q

Obturator internus

Origin

A

Pelvic surfaces of ilium and ischium, obturator membrane

Makes up lateral wall of pelvic diaphragm

100
Q

Obturator internus

insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

101
Q

Obturator internus

Innervation & Blood supply

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

Internal pudendal and obturator arteries

102
Q

Obturator internus

Action

A

Rotates hip joint laterally; assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

103
Q

Piriformis

Origin

A

Pelvic surface of S2-S4 segments, superior margin of greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament

(Makes up posterolateral wall of pelvic diaphragm)

104
Q

Piriformis

Insertion

A

Greater trochanter of femur

105
Q

Piriformis

Action

A

Rotates hip joint laterally; abducts hip joint; assists in holding head of femur in acetabulum

106
Q

Piriformis

Innervation and Blood supply

A

Anterior rami of S1 and S2

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries,
internal pudendal artery

107
Q 
Levator ani (pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus)
Origin
A

Body of pubis, tendinous arch of obturator fascia, ischial spine

(Floor of pelvic diaphragm)

108
Q

Levator ani

Insertion

A

Perineal body, coccyx, anococcygeal ligament, walls of prostate or vagina, rectum, and anal canal

109
Q

Levator ani

Innervation

A

Nerve to levator ani (branches of S4), inferior anal (rectal) nerve, and coccygeal plexus

110
Q

Levator ani

Action

A

Forms most of pelvic diaphragm that helps support pelvic viscera and resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure

111
Q

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

Origin

A

Ischial spine

Floor of pelvic diaphragm

112
Q

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

Insertion

A

Inferior end of sacrum and coccyx

113
Q

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

Action

A

Forms small part of pelvic diaphragm that supports pelvic viscera; flexes sacrococcygeal joints

114
Q

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)

Innervation

A

Branches of S4 and S5 spinal nerves

115
Q

Parts of the stomach

A
  • Cardia (just under esophagus)
  • Fundus (uppermost curve)
  • Body
  • Pyloric antrum (before narrowing, starts at angular notch)
  • Pylorus (before pyloric sphincter)

Lesser curvature: Top curve of stomach
Greater curvature: Bottom curve of stomach

Foundations (9 decks)

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