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Foundations > Head & Neck Structures > Flashcards

Head & Neck Structures Flashcards

1
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Origin

A

Mastoid process, lateral half of superior nuchal line

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2
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Insertion

A

Sternal head: Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum

Clavicular head: superior surface of medial one-third of clavicle

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3
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Action

A
  • Unilateral: Laterally flexes the head and rotates face to opposite side
  • Bilateral: Extends head
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4
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Innervation

A

Spinal accessory n. (CN XI)

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5
Q

Platysma

Origin

A

Mandible, skin of the cheek, angle of the mouth, and orbicularis oris muscle

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6
Q

Platysma

Insertion

A

Superficial fascia of the deltoid and pectoral regions

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7
Q

Platysma

Action

A

Tenses the skin of the neck, depresses the mandible

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8
Q

Platysma

Innervation

A

Cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

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9
Q

Sternohyoid

Origin

A

Body of hyoid bone

Infrahyoid m.

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10
Q

Sternohyoid

Insertion

A

Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

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11
Q

Sternohyoid

Action

A

Depresses the hyoid

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12
Q

Sternohyoid

Innervation

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1–C3)

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13
Q

Omohyoid

Origin

A

Inferior border of hyoid bone

Infrahyoid m.

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14
Q

Omohyoid

Insertion

A

Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch

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15
Q

Omohyoid

Action

A

Depresses and retracts the hyoid

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16
Q

Omohyoid

Innervation

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1–C3)

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17
Q

Sternothyroid

Origin

A

Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Infrahyoid m.

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18
Q

Sternothyroid

Insertion

A

Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

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19
Q

Sternothyroid

Action

A

Depresses thyroid cartilage and larynx

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20
Q

Sternothyroid

Innervation

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1–C3)

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21
Q

Thyrohyoid

Origin

A

Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid

Infrahyoid m.

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22
Q

Thyrohyoid

Insertion

A

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage

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23
Q

Thyrohyoid

Action

A

Depresses hyoid and elevates the thyroid cartilage and larynx

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24
Q

Thyrohyoid

Innervation

A

C1 via hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

AKA Nerve to the thyrohyoid

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25
Q

Digastric

Origin

A

Digastric fossa of mandible (anterior belly)

Suprahyoid m.

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26
Q

Digastric

Insertion

A

Mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly)

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27
Q

Digastric

Action

A

Elevates hyoid and depresses mandible

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28
Q

Digastric

Innervation

A
  • Nerve to mylohyoid (CN V3) (anterior belly)

- Facial n. (CN VII) (posterior belly)

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29
Q

Stylohyoid

Origin

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

Suprahyoid m.

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30
Q

Stylohyoid

Insertion

A

Body of the hyoid

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31
Q

Stylohyoid

Action

A

Elevates hyoid

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32
Q

Stylohyoid

Innervation

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

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33
Q

Mylohyoid

Origin

A

Mylohyoid line of mandible (lateral attachment)

Suprahyoid m.

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34
Q

Mylohyoid

Insertion

A

Hyoid bone and the mylohyoid raphe (medial attachment)

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35
Q

Mylohyoid

Action

A

Supports the floor of the oral cavity

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36
Q

Mylohyoid

Innervation

A

N. to mylohyoid (CN V3)

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37
Q

Anterior scalene

Origin

A

TP of C4–C6

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38
Q

Anterior scalene

Insertion

A

First rib

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39
Q

Anterior scalene

Action

A

Flexes neck, elevates first rib during inspiration

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40
Q

Anterior scalene

Innervation

A

Anterior rami C4–C6

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41
Q

Middle scalene

Origin

A

Posterior tubercles of TP of C2–C7

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42
Q

Middle scalene

Insertion

A

First rib

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43
Q

Middle scalene

Action

A

Flexes neck, elevates first rib during inspiration

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44
Q

Middle scalene

Innervation

A

Anterior rami C2–C6

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45
Q

Posterior scalene

Origin

A

Posterior tubercles of TP of C4–C6

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46
Q

Posterior scalene

Insertion

A

Second rib

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47
Q

Posterior scalene

Action

A

Flexes neck laterally, elevates second rib during inspiration

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48
Q

Posterior scalene

Innervation

A

Anterior rami C7–C8

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49
Q

Orbicularis oculi

Origin

A

Medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, and lacrimal bone

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50
Q

Orbicularis oculi

Insertion

A

Skin around the orbital margin

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51
Q

Orbicularis oculi

Action

A

Tightly closes the eye (orbital part)

Blinking (palpebral part)

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52
Q

Orbicularis oculi

Innervation

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

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53
Q

Levator labii superioris

Origin

A

Upper lip (inferior attachment)

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54
Q

Levator labii superioris

Insertion

A

Maxilla just below the orbital margin (superior attachment)

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55
Q

Levator labii superioris

Action

A

Elevates upper lip

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56
Q

Levator labii superioris

Innervation

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

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57
Q

Zygomaticus major

Origin

A

Angle of the mouth

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58
Q

Zygomaticus major

Insertion

A

Zygomatic bone

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59
Q

Zygomaticus major

Action

A

Draws angle of mouth superiorly and posteriorly

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60
Q

Zygomaticus major

Innervation

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

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61
Q

Orbicularis oris

Origin

A

Maxilla, mandible, and skin in the median plane

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62
Q

Orbicularis oris

Insertion

A

Angle of the mouth

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63
Q

Orbicularis oris

Action

A

Sphincter of the mouth

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64
Q

Orbicularis oris

Innervation

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

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65
Q

Buccinator

Origin

A

Angle of the mouth

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66
Q

Buccinator

Insertion

A

Pterygomandibular raphe and the lateral surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible

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67
Q

Buccinator

Action

A

Compresses cheek against molar teeth, keeping food on the occlusal surfaces during chewing

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68
Q

Buccinator

Innervation

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

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69
Q

Depressor anguli oris

Origin

A

Angle of the mouth

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70
Q

Depressor anguli oris

Insertion

A

Mandible

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71
Q

Depressor anguli oris

Action

A

Depresses the angle of the mouth

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72
Q

Depressor anguli oris

Innervation

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

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73
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

Origin

A

Lower lip (superior attachment)

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74
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

Insertion

A

Mandible

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75
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

Action

A

Depresses lower lip

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76
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

Innervation

A

Facial n. (CN VII)

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77
Q

Masseter

Origin

A

Inferior border and medial surface of zygomatic arch

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78
Q

Masseter

Insertion

A

Lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible

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79
Q

Masseter

Action

A

Elevates and protrudes mandible

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80
Q

Masseter

Innervation

A

CN V3 via mandibular n.

81
Q

Temporalis

Origin

A

Floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia

82
Q

Temporalis

Insertion

A

Tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible

83
Q

Temporalis

Action

A

Elevates and retrudes mandible

84
Q

Temporalis

Innervation

A

CN V3 via deep temporal nn.

85
Q

Medial pterygoid

Origin

A

Deep head: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Superficial head: Tuberosity of maxilla

86
Q

Medial pterygoid

Insertion

A

Medial surface of ramus of mandible

87
Q

Medial pterygoid

Action

A

Elevates and protrudes mandible (bilateral)

Side to side movement of mandible (unilateral)

88
Q

Medial pterygoid

Innervation

A

CN V3 via medial pterygoid n.

89
Q

Lateral pterygoid

Origin

A

Infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid (superior head)

Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (inferior head)

90
Q

Lateral pterygoid

Insertion

A

Neck of mandible, articular disc, and capsule of TMJ

91
Q

Lateral pterygoid

Action

A

Depresses and protrudes mandible (bilateral)

Side-to-side movement of mandible (unilateral)

92
Q

Lateral pterygoid

Innervation

A

CN V3 via lateral pterygoid n.

93
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

Origin

A

Tarsal plate of the upper eyelid

94
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

Insertion

A

Sphenoid bone

95
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

Action

A

Elevation and retraction of the upper eyelid

96
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

Innervation

A

Superior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)

97
Q

Superior rectus

Origin

A

Sclera (anterior, superior surface)

98
Q

Superior rectus

Insertion

A

Common tendinous ring

99
Q

Superior rectus

Action

A

Elevation and adduction of the eye

100
Q

Superior rectus

Innervation

A

Superior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)

101
Q

Superior oblique

Origin

A

Sclera (posterior, lateral, superior surface)

102
Q

Superior oblique

Insertion

A

Sphenoid bone

103
Q

Superior oblique

Action

A

Depression, intorsion, and abduction of the eye

104
Q

Superior oblique

Innervation

A

Trochlear n. (CN IV)

105
Q

Lateral rectus

Origin

A

Sclera (anterior lateral surface)

106
Q

Lateral rectus

Insertion

A

Common tendinous ring

107
Q

Lateral rectus

Action

A

Abduction of the eye

108
Q

Lateral rectus

Innervation

A

Abducent n. (CN VI)

109
Q

Medial rectus

Origin

A

Sclera (anterior, medial surface)

110
Q

Medial rectus

Insertion

A

Common tendinous ring

111
Q

Medial rectus

Action

A

Adduction of the eye

112
Q

Medial rectus

Innervation

A

Inferior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)

113
Q

Inferior rectus

Origin

A

Sclera (posterior, lateral, inferior surface)

114
Q

Inferior rectus

Insertion

A

Common tendinous ring

115
Q

Inferior rectus

Action

A

Depression and adduction of the eye

116
Q

Inferior rectus

Innervation

A

Inferior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)

117
Q

Inferior oblique

Origin

A

Sclera (anterior, inferior surface)

118
Q

Inferior oblique

Insertion

119
Q

Inferior oblique

Action

A

Elevation, extorsion, and abduction of the eye

120
Q

Inferior oblique

Innervation

A

Inferior division of oculomotor n. (CN III)

121
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Origin

A

Pterygoid hamulus and pterygomandibular fascia

122
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Insertion

A

Pharyngeal tubercle and pharyngeal raphe

123
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Action

A

Constrict wall of pharynx during swallowing

124
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Innervation

A

Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

125
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Origin

A

Greater horn of the hyoid bone and inferior portion of the stylohyoid ligament

126
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Insertion

A

Pharyngeal raphe

127
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Action

A

Constrict wall of pharynx during swallowing

128
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Innervation

A

Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

129
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Origin

A

Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage

130
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Insertion

A

Pharyngeal raphe

131
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Action

A

Constrict wall of pharynx during swallowing

132
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Innervation

A

Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

133
Q

Stylopharyngeus

Origin

A

Styloid process (superior attachment)

134
Q

Stylopharyngeus

Insertion

A

Posterior and superior borders of thyroid cartilage with palatopharyngeus (inferior attachment)

135
Q

Stylopharyngeus

Action

A

Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking

136
Q

Stylopharyngeus

Innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

137
Q

Palatoglossus

Origin

A

Palatine aponeurosis

138
Q

Palatoglossus

Insertion

A

Lateral aspect of the tongue

139
Q

Palatoglossus

Action

A

Elevates tongue and depresses soft palate

140
Q

Palatoglossus

Innervation

A

Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

141
Q

Palatopharyngeus

Origin

A

Hard palate and palatine aponeurosis

142
Q

Palatopharyngeus

Insertion

A

Thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall

143
Q

Palatopharyngeus

Action

A

Elevates larynx during swallowing and speaking

144
Q

Palatopharyngeus

Innervation

A

Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

145
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

Origin

A

Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube

146
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

Insertion

A

Thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal wall

147
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

Action

A

Elevates larynx during swallowing and speaking

148
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

Innervation

A

Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

149
Q

Musculus uvulae

Origin

A

Posterior nasal spine (anterior attachment)

150
Q

Musculus uvulae

Insertion

A

Palatine aponeurosis

151
Q

Musculus uvulae

Action

A

Elevates and retracts uvula

152
Q

Musculus uvulae

Innervation

A

Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

153
Q

Levator veli palatini

Origin

A

Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube and petrous part of temporal bone

154
Q

Levator veli palatini

Insertion

A

Palatine aponeurosis

155
Q

Levator veli palatini

Action

A

Elevates soft palate

156
Q

Levator veli palatini

Innervation

A

Vagus n. (CN X) via pharyngeal plexus

157
Q

Tensor veli palatini

Origin

A

Scaphoid fossa and spine of sphenoid bone

158
Q

Tensor veli palatini

Insertion

A

Palatine aponeurosis

159
Q

Tensor veli palatini

Action

A

Tenses the soft palate

160
Q

Tensor veli palatini

Innervation

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal n. (CN V3)

161
Q

Geniohyoid

Origin

A

Inferior mental spine of mandible (anterior attachment)

162
Q

Geniohyoid

Insertion

A

Body of hyoid bone (posterior attachment)

163
Q

Geniohyoid

Action

A

Pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly

164
Q

Geniohyoid

Innervation

A

C1 via the Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

165
Q

Genioglossus

Origin

A

Superior mental spine of the mandible (anterior attachment)

166
Q

Genioglossus

Insertion

A

Hyoid bone and tongue (posterior attachment)

167
Q

Genioglossus

Action

A

Depresses and protrudes tongue

168
Q

Genioglossus

Innervation

A

Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

169
Q

Hyoglossus

Origin

A

Side and inferior aspect of tongue

170
Q

Hyoglossus

Insertion

A

Body and greater horn of the hyoid bone

171
Q

Hyoglossus

Action

A

Depresses and retracts tongue

172
Q

Hyoglossus

Innervation

A

Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

173
Q

Styloglossus

Origin

A

Styloid process and stylohyoid ligament

174
Q

Styloglossus

Insertion

A

Side and inferior aspect of tongue

175
Q

Styloglossus

Action

A

Retracts tongue and draws it superiorly

176
Q

Styloglossus

Innervation

A

Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

177
Q

Cricothyroid

Origin

A

Inferior margin and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

178
Q

Cricothyroid

Insertion

A

Anterolateral surface of cricoid cartilage

179
Q

Cricothyroid

Action

A

Tilts the thyroid cartilage anteriorly to lengthen (tense) the vocal folds

180
Q

Cricothyroid

Innervation

A

External branch of the superior laryngeal n. (CN X)

181
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Origin

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

182
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Insertion

A

Posterior surface of the lamina of cricoid cartilage

183
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Action

A

Rotates arytenoid cartilage laterally to abduct vocal folds

184
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Innervation

A

Inferior laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal n. (CN X)

185
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Origin

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

186
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Insertion

A

Arch of cricoid cartilage

187
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Action

A

Rotates arytenoid cartilage medially to adduct vocal folds

188
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Innervation

A

Inferior laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal n. (CN X)

189
Q

Thyroarytenoid

Origin

A

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

190
Q

Thyroarytenoid

Insertion

A

Posterior surface of thyroid cartilage

191
Q

Thyroarytenoid

Action

A

Tilts arytenoid cartilage anteriorly to relax vocal folds

192
Q

Thyroarytenoid

Innervation

A

Inferior laryngeal branch of the recurrent laryngeal n. (CN X)

193
Q

Branches of External Carotid Artery

A

Inferior to Superior:

  • Superior thyroid artery
  • Ascending pharyngeal
  • Lingual artery
  • Facial artery, going up
  • Occipital artery
  • Posterior auricular
  • Maxillary
  • Superficial temporal artery
194
Q

Foramina in anterior cranial fossa and what they contain

A

Anterior cranial fossa:

Cribriform foramina in cribriform plate: Axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium form olfactory nerves (CN I)

195
Q

Foramina in Middle cranial fossa and what they contain

A
  • Optic canal: Optic nerve (CN II)
  • Superior orbital fissure: Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) and branches, oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), and abducent nerve (CN VI)
  • Foramen rotundum: Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
  • Foramen ovale: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
196
Q

Formina in Posterior cranial fossa and what they contain

A
  • Foramen magnum: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
  • Jugular foramen: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), and spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
  • Hypoglossal canal: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
197
Q

Branches of Subclavian

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Internal Thoracic artery
  • Thyrocervical trunk
  • Costcervical trunk
  • Dorsal scapular artery
198
Q

Branches of Costocervical Trunk

A
  • Supreme intercostal artery

- Deep cervical artery

199
Q

Cutaneous nerves on neck

A

Transverse cervical n. (C2,C3) - runs across SCM

Great auricular N. (C2, C3)- goes to anterior aspect of ear

Lesser occipital n. (C2) - post border SCM and sup to occiput

Supraclavicular n. (C3, C4)- goes to shoulder skin/around clavicle

Foundations (9 decks)

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