Muscles/reflexes

Question 1

shoulder abduction

Answer 1

deltoid
axillary nerve
C5

Question 2

elbow flexion

Answer 2

biceps
musculocutaneous nerve
C5, C6

Question 3

elbow extension

Answer 3

triceps
radial nerve
C7

Question 4

wrist extension

Answer 4

extensor carpi radialis and ulnaris
radial nerve
C6, C7

Question 5

wrist flexion

Answer 5

flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris
median nerve, ulnar nerve
C7, C8

Question 6

finger extension

Answer 6

extensor digitorum profundus/superficialis
radial nerve
C7

Question 7

finger flexion

Answer 7

flexor digitorum profundus/superficialis
median and ulnar nerve
C8

Question 8

thumb abduction

Answer 8

abductor pollicis brevis
median nerve
T1

Question 9

finger abduction

Answer 9

dorsal interossei
ulnar nerve
T1

Question 10

hip flexion

Answer 10

ilopsoas
lumbar plexus, femoral nerve
L1/L2

Question 11

hip extension

Answer 11

gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
L5, S1, S2

Question 12

knee flexion

Answer 12

hamstrings
sciatic nerve
L5, S1, S2

Question 13

knee extension

Answer 13

quadriceps femoris
femoral nerve
L3, L4

Question 14

ankle dorsiflexion

Answer 14

tibialis anterior
deep peroneal nerve
L4, L5

Question 15

ankle plantarflexion

Answer 15

gastroc and soleus
sciatic nerve
S1, S2

Question 16

great toe dorsiflexion

Answer 16

extensor hallicus longus
deep peroneal nerve
L5

Question 17

ankle inversion

Answer 17

tibialis posterior
tibial nerve
L4, L5

Question 18

ankle eversion

Answer 18

peronei
superficial peroneal nerve
L5, S1

Question 19

biceps reflex

Answer 19

C5, C6

Question 20

triceps reflex

Answer 20

C7

Question 21

patellar reflex

Answer 21

L3, L4

Question 22

ankle reflex

Answer 22

S1, S2

Question 23

Normal LP findings

Answer 23

glucose 2/3 serum glucose
only trace protein
<5 cells
opening pressure 60-150 mmH2O

Question 24

What is bright on T1 MRI?

Answer 24

• fat, so myelin is bright

Question 25

What is dark on T1 MRI?

Answer 25

- water, including CSF

Question 26

What is bright on T2?

Answer 26

the opposite: water

Question 27

What is FLAIR?

Answer 27

- T2 image with CSF signal inverted -> low intensity | - good for early subtle changes like edema

Question 28

What is the imagery of choice for fresh blood?

Answer 28

CT scan

Question 29

What is most sensitive for early cerebral ischemia/infarct?

Answer 29

diffusion weighted imaging; | areas of restricted diffusion appear bright

Question 30

Safety pros/cons to MRI?

Answer 30

pro: safer for pregnancy, gadolinium can be used if allergic to IV contrast and is less nephrotoxic con: absence of metal objects, pacemaker, and defribillator required

Question 31

brain death criteria

Answer 31

- patient is comatose - no brainstem reflexes - no spontaneous resp. even when CO2 allowed to rise - no confounding factors (drug OD, hypothermia) - can confirm w/ EEG or cerebral angiography