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Muscles > Muscles Overview > Flashcards

Muscles Overview Flashcards

1
Q

This system helps regulate body temperatures/ Hold structure to the body

A

Muscular system

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2
Q

Muscles that are controlled by will

A

Voluntary, Striated, Skeletal

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3
Q

Muscles that function without will

A

Involuntary, Non striated, Smooth

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4
Q

The capacity of the muscles to react and receive stimuli

A

Irritability(reactivity), excitability(sensitivity)

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5
Q

The ability of the muscles to contract/shorten, excerting force

A

Contractility

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6
Q

The ability of the muscles to stretch

A

Extensibility

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7
Q

What protein makes up 50% of muscle tissue

A

Myosin/ Actin

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8
Q

Where is the sarcolemma and what is it

A

Beneath the fascia, where the muscles are organized and the myofibrilis is found

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9
Q

The shortest of abductor muscles is

A

Pectineus

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10
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messengers of the body

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11
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration

A

Makes energy by replenishing ADP from ATP (Krebs cycle makes ATP- breaking down sugar in body)

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12
Q

ATP

A

Gives energy for contractions. Comes from food and oxygen.

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13
Q

Oxygen debt causes

A

more fatigue because less energy is being produced.

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14
Q

Slow twitch, Slow contraction time, good resistance to fatigue

A

Type 1 fibers

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15
Q

High velocity contractions that happen for a short time, explosive

A

Type 2 B fibers

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16
Q

AKA muscle cell. The contractile, functional unit of the muscle tissue

Long , cylinder shaped, wormlike structures that can run the length of the entire muscle

A

Muscle Fibers and what they look like

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17
Q

The outerlayer of muscles connecting the adjacent ribs

A

External intercostals

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18
Q

What causes most muscular dystrophies

A

Genetic disorders

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19
Q

The strongest of all 4 quad muscles

A

Vastus Lateris

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20
Q

The long, slender muscle originating on the inferior pubic ramus

A

Gracilis

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21
Q

What is an isometric contraction

A

When the muscle contracts, but length does not change. (ex: pushing against a brick mall)

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22
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

When the muscle contracts and there is a change in the length of the muscle

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23
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

In an isotonic contraction the length of the muscle increasing(not contracting)

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24
Q

Cocentric contraction

A

In an isotonic contraction the length of the muscle decreasing(the act of contracting)

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25
Q

Muscles that are only found in the heart

A

Heart/Cardiac muscle

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26
Q

Conscious will of movement is governed by the

A

Central nervous system

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27
Q

Muscle type fastened to bones, skins, muscle and make up fleshy areas of the body

A

Voluntary muscles

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28
Q

-Helps relieve common tissue dysfunctions like Sprains + Spasms.
-Helps activity and circulation of blood, lymph, and nerves.

A

Benefit of massage on the Muscular system

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29
Q

The system responsible for the act of breathing, moving blood/urine, and transporting food through the digestive tract

A

The muscular system

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30
Q

Elasticity

A

The tissues ability to return back to the normal resting length

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31
Q

Where are the nuclei that produce the enzymes and proteins necessary in muscle contractions

A

Within muscle fibers

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32
Q

The Connective tissue covering around the Muscle cell/Fiber

A

Endomysium

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33
Q

Located beneath the connective tissue in the sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane

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34
Q

Myofibrils

A

Helps make up muscles and are made up of sarcomeres

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35
Q

Fascia refers to

A

Connective tissue

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36
Q

Organizes tissues into groups, surrounds each individual muscle, creates muscle bundles and surrounds every fiber

A

Fascia

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37
Q

What connects muscles to bones

A

Tendons formed by fascia

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38
Q

Fibrous coverings of bones in which tendons intertwine with.

A

The Periosteum

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39
Q

Combination of muscle tissue and its related connective tissue

A

Myofascial

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40
Q

The muscular system anchors

A

Lymph, Blood vessels, Nerves, Organs

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41
Q

Epimysium-covers muscle, Perimysium- splits into fibers, Endomysium- within fibers.
is the order of the fascia from ___ to _____

A

superficial to deep

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42
Q

Connects muscles to tendons, tendon to bones, bones to bones

A

Connective Tissue

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43
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

The meeting point of the motor nerve and the muscle cell

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44
Q

Motor unit

A

The motor nerve and all the muscle fibers on controls

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45
Q

Changes chemical energy into mechanical energy

A

Muscle

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46
Q

Nerves impulse from brain/spinal cord to a motor neuron, to neurotransmitter which moves it to the neuromuscular junction.

A

how a Movement happens

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47
Q

Threshold stimulus

A

The minimum stimulus needed to make muscles contract

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48
Q

The amount of motor neurons recruited to give effort to muscle

A

Motor neuron rectruitment

49
Q

Where does the muscles ATP production happen

A

Mitochondria

50
Q

Hyper/Hypo- Tonic

A

Hypotonic has a lower concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood. Less tone in muscle. Hypertonic has a higher concentration of fluid, sugars and salt than blood. more tone in muscle.

51
Q

Types of muscles that contain more Type 1 fibers

A

Postural

52
Q

Types of muscles that contain more type 2 fibers

A

Phasic

53
Q

Muscle Shape where fibers are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscles and terminate at either end in a flat tendon

A

Parallel shape
ex: Stylohyoid muscle

54
Q

Shape similar to parallel but the belly of the muscle is wider and tapers towards the tendons

A

Fusiform
Ex: Bicep

55
Q

Shape of muscle forming a circular pattern enclosing an opening

A

Circular
Ex: Orbicularis Occuli

56
Q

Shape of muscle spread over a wide area and converge on a central tendon

A

Triangular
Ex: pectoral muscle

57
Q

Unipennate shape of muscles

A

Fibers arranged on one side on tendon
Ex:

58
Q

Bipennate

A

Fibers arranged on both sides of central tendon(feather like)
Ex: Rectus formis

59
Q

Multipennate

A

Central tendon divdes into two or more branches of fibers.
Ex: Deltoids

60
Q

Extensors of the toes found on lateral outer side of lower leg

A

Extensor Digitorum

61
Q

Dorsal flexes the the ankle and inverts the foot
lateral side of the lower leg next to tibia

A

The Tibialis anterior

62
Q

Plantar flexes the foot
Medial lower part lower leg

A

The soleus

63
Q

Everts the foot
most Lateral side of the lower leg

A

Peroneous longus

64
Q

Plantar flexes the foot and assists in knee flexion
Medial upper part of lower leg

A

Gatronemius

65
Q

Draw the leg to the middle of the body and found in the upper leg medial

A

Adductors

66
Q

Abductors draw the leg to the

A

Outwards from the middle of the body

67
Q

The muscle that extends the knee what is found in the middle of the Quad

A

Rectus Femoris

68
Q

Another muscle that extends the knee found on the lateral side of the quad muscle

A

Vastus Lateralis

69
Q

Another muscle that extends the knee found on the medial side of the quad muscle

A

Vastus Medialis

70
Q

4 muscles that make up the quad muscles

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius.

71
Q

Muscle that flexes and laterally rotates the leg. Lays across the quad

A

Sartorius

72
Q

Muscles that Flex the wrist and the hand
Found posterior/ anterior forearm

A

Flexors of the wrist and the hand

73
Q

Muscle that turns the palm up and turns the palm down located right under elbow

A

Pronator

74
Q

Muscle that strictly flexes the wrist
located posterior superior forearm

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis

75
Q

Muscle that flexes the elbow found next to elbow on side of thumb

A

Brachioradialis

76
Q

Muscle that is found on upper arm that flexes and supinates the forearm

A

Biceps Brachii

77
Q

Muscle that draws the arm foward and down and is found on chest

A

Pectoralis Major

78
Q

The muscle that tenses the abdominal wall
found outside of rectus abdominis

A

Transverse Abdominis

79
Q

Muscle that is responsible for Flexion, Lateral flexion, and rotation of the trunk
Located on middle of sides of body outside of transverse abdominis

A

Internal oblique

80
Q

Muscle that flexes the thorax and compresses viscera
Located above the internal oblique

A

The external oblique

81
Q

Muscle that flexes the thorax and compresses viscera
Found medially on stomach
six pack

A

Rectus Abominis

82
Q

Muscle that elevates ribs in respiration and stabilizes the scapula
Found superior and laterally in stomach

A

Serratus Anterior

83
Q

Abducts and horizontally flexes the humerus

A

Deltoid

84
Q

Assists in the extension of the head and and elevation and upward rotation of scapula
located next to ears on shoulders

A

Trapezius

85
Q

Achilles

A

Connects the heel to the calf muscle

86
Q

3 muscles that make up the hamstrings, flex the knee, and assist in extension of the hip

A

Bicep femoris(Dorsal lateral part of upper leg), Semitendinosus(Dorsal middle part of upper leg), Semimembranosus(Dorsal lateral part of upper leg)

87
Q

Flexes the knee and plantar flexes the foot
Dorsal Medial superior part of lower leg

A

Gastrocnemius

88
Q

Muscle on back lower leg that plantar flexes the foot on very Medial side

A

Soleus

89
Q

Muscle on back of leg medial side that draws the leg towards the midline

A

Gracilis

90
Q

Muscles that make up the glutes

A

Gluteus Medius the upper part Rotates the thigh, Gluteus Maximus the meaty middle part Rotates the thigh outward, Gluteus minimus the outer lateral part

91
Q

Muscle that pulls your ribs outwards and opposes your diaphragm

next to spine lower back

A

the Posterior Serratus inferior

92
Q

Muscle that draws the arm backward and downward, rotates arm inward. Found in middle of back

A

Latissimus Dorsi - Lats

93
Q

Muscle that is the extension of the spine
Located below rhomboids above serratus inferior

A

Erector Spinae

94
Q

Muscle that draws the scapula to the spine
Superior on back below the traps

A

Rhomboids

95
Q

Muscle that extends the forearm
Opposes the bicep

A

Tricep

96
Q

Lateral rotation of the humerus
On top of Teres Major next to deltoid

A

Teres Minor

97
Q

Inward rotation, abduction, and extension of the humerus
Underneath the Teres minor, next to deltiod

A

Teres Major

98
Q

Abducts and rotates the humerus

A

The deltoids

99
Q

Muscle responsible for outward rotation and extension of arm
above the teres minor next to deltoid

A

The infraspinatus

100
Q

Muscle that abducts the arm that is between directly beneath the traps

A

Supraspinatus

101
Q

Muscle responsible for downward rotation of the scapula next to traps

A

Levator Scapulae

102
Q

Muscle that draw the head back or rotates the head
on back of neck

A

Splenius Capitis

103
Q

Muscle that rotates head backwards, rotates scapula up or down
next to ears.

A

Trapezius

104
Q

Hypertrophy/ Atrophy

A

Muscles getting bigger, Muscles degenerating and getting smaller

105
Q

The most common muscle dysfunction

A

Muscle spasms

106
Q

Spasms that are sustained/ Spasms that alternate between contraction and relaxation

A

Tonic spasms/ Clonic spasms

107
Q

Minimal tearing, some pain, no loss of function, no visible or palpable indications

A

Grade 1 muscle strain

108
Q

Partial tear, 10%-50%, Considerable pain, some loss of function. Palpable thickening of muscle tissue

A

Grade 2 muscle strain

109
Q

Severe tear, 50%-100%, palpable depression, severe pain, total loss of muscle function

A

Grade 3 muscle strain

110
Q

Most strains occur in the muscle _____ or ______

A

Belly or junction between muscle + tendon

111
Q

Acute phase of strain/ injury

A

time of injury to up to 72 hours
Massage is contraindicted

112
Q

Inflammation of the tendon
massage in indicted in the subacute stage of healing to assist healing

A

Tendonitis

113
Q

degenerative condition of tendon with no inflammation

A

Tendonosis

114
Q

Chronic Autoimmune disease in the connective tissue of the body that causes blood vessel inflammation, organ dysfunction, and arthritis.

A

Lupus

115
Q

Disease that is characterized by pain, fatigue, and stiffness in connective tissues of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Often called chronic fatigue syndrome. more prevelant in woman

A

Fibromyalgia

116
Q

the longest of all quad muscles

A

rectus femoris

117
Q

The fibrous band that runs horizontally from the anterior fibula to the anterior tibia is the:

A

Superior extensor retinaculum

118
Q

A large section of muscle fibers is known as a:

A

Fascicle

Muscles (14 decks)

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