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BM1 Anatomy: Michealmas > Muscles of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Muscles of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Where does biceps brachii attach to humerus?

A

Nowhere! goes from coracoid process of scapula to radial head

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2
Q

What is the major supinator of the hand?

A

Biceps brachii

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3
Q

Where does brachialis attach?

A

Ulna and front of humerus

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4
Q

What nerve are brachialis, coracobrachialis and biceps brachii?

A

musculocutaneus nerve

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5
Q

What nerve is back of upper arm?

A

Radial

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6
Q

What layers do the 8 muscles of the forearm consist of?

A

4 superficial
1 medium
3 deep

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7
Q

What are the 8 muscles of the forearm?

A 
flexor carpi radialis 
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
pronator teres
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus 
pronator quadratus
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8
Q

What are the 4 superficial muscles of the forearm?

A

flexor carpi radialis
palmais longus
flexor carpi ulnaria
pronator teres

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9
Q

What is the intermediate muscle of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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10
Q

What are the 3 deep muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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11
Q

What tendon does not go through the carpal tunnel?

A

palmaris longus

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12
Q

What does palmaris longus do?

A

Flexion of the wrist

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13
Q

What are the 8 muscles of the anterior forearm innervated by?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris + flexor digitorum profundus (one half) =ulnar
rest = median

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14
Q

What are the 8 muscles of the anterior forearm innervated by?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris + flexor digitorum profundus =ulnar

rest = median

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15
Q

Where does flexor carpi radialis attach?

A

pisiform

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16
Q

Where does pronator teres originate from?

A

medial epicondyle and coranoid process of ulna

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17
Q

Where does pronator teres attach?

A

mid-shaft of radius

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18
Q

What is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalageal joints?

A

flexor digitorum profundus

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19
Q

What is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalageal joints?

A

flexor digitorum profundus

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20
Q

Which is more lateral, pollicis longus or profundus?

A

longus

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21
Q

Where is pronator quadratus found?

A

deep to the tendons of flexor digitorum profuncus and flexor pollicis longus

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22
Q

Where does pronator quadratus attach/ originate?

A 
originate = anterior surface of ulna
attaches = anterior surface or radius
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23
Q

Where is brachioradialis found?

A

lateral side of forearm

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24
Q

What forms the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

bicipital aponeurosis

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25
Q

Where does the biceps originate?

A

Long head = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head = coracoid process

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26
Q

Where does the biceps insert?

A

radial tuberoisty and fascia of forearm vida bicipital aponeurosis

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27
Q

What is the bicipital aponeurosis?

A

connective tissue sheet where biceps enters the forearm

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28
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis originate?

A

coracoid process

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29
Q

Where does coracobrachialis attach?

A

medial side of humeral shaft

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30
Q

Role of coracobrachialis?

A

flexion at shoulder

weak adduction

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31
Q

Where does brachialis originate?

A

medial and lateral surfaces of humeral shaft

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32
Q

Where does brachialis insert?

A

ulna tuberosity

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33
Q

Where does the triceps tendon insert?

A

olecranon of ulna

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34
Q

Where does the long head of triceps originate?

A

infraglenoid tubercle

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35
Q

Where does the lateral head of triceps originate?

A

humerus, superior to the radial groove

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36
Q

Where does the medial head of triceps originate?

A

Humerus, inferior to the radial groove

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37
Q

What nerve is triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve

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38
Q

What are the superficial muscles in the posterior forearm?

A
  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • anconeus
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39
Q

How many muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?

A

7

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40
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum

A

Fibrous connective tissue around the wrist that holds tendons in place

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41
Q

Where does the brachioradialis originate/ insert?

A

originates on lateral supracondylar ridge of humerous

attaches to distal end of radius, before radial styloid

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42
Q

Why is brachioradialis described as paradoxical?

A

its origin and innervation are characteristic of an extensor but it is actually a flexor at the elbow

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43
Q

Where does extensor carpi radialis longus originate and insert?

A

originates from supracondylar ridges

attaches to metacarpal II

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44
Q

Where does extensor carpi radialis brevis originate and insert?

A

originates from the lateral epicondyle

attaches to metacarpal III

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45
Q

Where does the extensor digitorum originate and attach?

A

originates from lateral epicondyle

splits into four and inserts into extensor hood of each finger

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46
Q

Where does the extensor digiti minimi originate/ insert and what is its role?

A

originates from lateral epicondyle
attaches in extensor hood of little finger
extension of little finger

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47
Q

What movements does the extensor carpi ulnaris do?

A

adduction and extension in wrist

48
Q

Where does the extensor carpi ulnaris originate and attach?

A

originates from lateral epicondyle

attaches to base of metacarpal V

49
Q

Where does the anconeus originate and attach?

A

originates from lateral epicondyle

attaches to olecranon

50
Q

How many muscles are there in the deep layer of the posterior forearm?

A

5

51
Q

WHat are the five muscles in the deep posterior forearm?

A
  • supinator
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor indicis proprius
52
Q

How many heads does the supinator have?

Where do they originate?

A

2- superficial and deep
1 = lateral epicondyle
2 = posteior ulna

53
Q

Where does the supinator attach?

A

shaft of radius

54
Q

What are the two supinators of the forearm?

A

biceps and supinator

55
Q

Role of abductor pollicis longus

A

abduction of thumb

56
Q

Where does abductor pollicis longus originate and insert?

A

originates from interosseous membrane and surfaces of radius and ulna
attaches to metacarpal I

57
Q

Where does the extensor pollicis brevis originate and insert?

A

originates from posterior surface of radius and attaches to proximal phalanx of the thumb

58
Q

Action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb.

59
Q

Where does the extensor pollicis longus originate and insert?

A

originates from ulna

attaches to dista l phalanx of thumb

60
Q

What does the extensor indicis proprius do?

A

extends the index finger

61
Q

Where does the extensor indicis proprius originate and insert?

A

originates from posterior surface of ulna and attaches to extensor hood of index finger

62
Q

What muscles in the hand are responsible for precision grip?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

63
Q

What do extrinsic muscles do and where are they located?

A

In the forearm and control crude movements and produce forceful grip

64
Q

Where are the thenar muscles?

A

Short muscles located at the base of the thumb

65
Q

What is the muscle bulge in the thumb called?

A

Thenar eminence

66
Q

What innervated the thenar muscles

A

Median nerve

67
Q

Names of thenar muscles

A

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

68
Q

Which is the most lateral thenar muscle?

A

Opponens pollicis

69
Q

Where does opponens pollicis originate and attach?

A

tubercle of trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum to lateral part of metacarpal I

70
Q

What does opponens pollicis do?

A

Opposes the thumb, medially rotates and flexes metacarpal I on the trapezium

71
Q

Where does abductor pollicis brevis attach?

A

from tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and flexor retinaculum
to lateral side of proximal phalanx of the thumb

72
Q

Where does flexor pollicis brevis attach?

A

tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum

to base of proximal phalanx of the thumb

73
Q

What does abductor pollicis brevis do?

A

Abducts the thumb

74
Q

What does flexor pollicis brevis do?

A

Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

75
Q

What is the muscular protrusion on the medial side of the palm?

A

Hypothenar eminence

76
Q

What innervates the hypothenar muscles?

A

Ulnar nerve

77
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

78
Q

Where does opponens digiti minimi attach?

A

Hook of hamate to medial metacarpal V

79
Q

Where does abductor digiti minimi attach?

A

Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

to proximal phalanx of little finger

80
Q

Where does flexor digiti minimi attach?

A

Hook of hamate to base of proximal phalanx of little finger

81
Q

What does opponens digiti minimi do?

A

Rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm. producing opposition

82
Q

What does abductor digiti minimi do?

A

Abducts the little finger

83
Q

What does flexor digiti minimi brevis do?

A

Flexes the MCP joint of the little finger

84
Q

What is the deep muscle of the hypothenar eminence?

A

Opponens digiti minimi

85
Q

Which hypothenar muscle is most superficial?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

86
Q

Which hypothnar muscle is the most lateral?

A

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

87
Q

How many lumbricals are there in the hand?

A

4, one for each finger

88
Q

Where do lumbricals attach?

A

Each originates from tendon of flexor digitorum profundus and pass dorsally and laterally around each finger and insert into the extensor hood

89
Q

What do the lumbricals do?

A

Flex at MCP joint, extent interphalageal joints

90
Q

What are the lumbricals innervated by?

A 
The lateral two (index and middle) = median
Medial two (little and ring) =ulnar
91
Q

Where are the interossei?

A

Between metacarpals

92
Q

What can the interossei be divided into?

A

Dorsal and palmar

93
Q

What do the interossei do?

A

In addition to their actions of abduction (dorsal interossei) and adduction (palmar interossei) of the fingers, the interossei also assist the lumbricals in flexion and MCP joints and extension at the IP joints.

94
Q

How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?

A

four

95
Q

Where do the dorsal interossei attach?

A

Originates from lateral and medial surfaces of metacarpals

Attach to extensor hood in proximal phalanx of each finger

96
Q

What do the dorsal interossei do?

A

Abduct the fingers at MCP joint

97
Q

What innervates the interossei?

A

Ulnar

98
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

A

3

99
Q

Where do the palmar interossei attach?

A

Each interossei originates from a medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal, and attaches into the extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger.

100
Q

What do palmar interossei do?

A

Adduct fingers at MCP joint

101
Q

What are the muscles in the hand that are not lumbricals or interossei or hypothenar or thenar?

A

Palmaris brevis

Adductor pollicis

102
Q

Where does palmaris brevis attach?

A

Originates from the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum, attaches to the dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand.

103
Q

Action of palmaris brevis

A

Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip.

104
Q

Innervation of palmaris brevis

A

Ulnar

105
Q

Where does adductor pollicis attach?

A

One head originates from metacarpal III. The other head originates from the capitate and adjacent areas of metacarpals II and III. Both attach into the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

106
Q

Actions of adductor pollicis?

A

Adducts the thumb

107
Q

Innervation of adductor pollicis?

A

Ulnar

108
Q

What nerve is 1/2 loaf?

A

median

109
Q

What does 1/2 loaf stand for?

A 
1/2 of 
Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis
110
Q

How can you divide muscles of the shoulder

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic

111
Q

Where are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

Originate from torso, attach to bones of shoulder

112
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of shoulder

A

Originate from scapula or clavicle and attach to humerus

113
Q

How many intrinsic muscles of the shoulder are there?

A

6

114
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A 
Deltoid
teres major
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor
115
Q

Where does the deltoid go?

A

Originates from scapula and clavicle

Attaches to deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus

116
Q

Where does teres major attach?

A

Originates from the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula. It attaches to the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

BM1 Anatomy: Michealmas (13 decks)

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