Muscles of Upper Limb Flashcards
Where does biceps brachii attach to humerus?
Nowhere! goes from coracoid process of scapula to radial head
What is the major supinator of the hand?
Biceps brachii
Where does brachialis attach?
Ulna and front of humerus
What nerve are brachialis, coracobrachialis and biceps brachii?
musculocutaneus nerve
What nerve is back of upper arm?
Radial
What layers do the 8 muscles of the forearm consist of?
4 superficial
1 medium
3 deep
What are the 8 muscles of the forearm?
flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris pronator teres flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
What are the 4 superficial muscles of the forearm?
flexor carpi radialis
palmais longus
flexor carpi ulnaria
pronator teres
What is the intermediate muscle of the anterior forearm?
flexor digitorum superficialis
What are the 3 deep muscles of the anterior forearm?
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
What tendon does not go through the carpal tunnel?
palmaris longus
What does palmaris longus do?
Flexion of the wrist
What are the 8 muscles of the anterior forearm innervated by?
flexor carpi ulnaris + flexor digitorum profundus (one half) =ulnar
rest = median
What are the 8 muscles of the anterior forearm innervated by?
flexor carpi ulnaris + flexor digitorum profundus =ulnar
rest = median
Where does flexor carpi radialis attach?
pisiform
Where does pronator teres originate from?
medial epicondyle and coranoid process of ulna
Where does pronator teres attach?
mid-shaft of radius
What is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalageal joints?
flexor digitorum profundus
What is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalageal joints?
flexor digitorum profundus
Which is more lateral, pollicis longus or profundus?
longus
Where is pronator quadratus found?
deep to the tendons of flexor digitorum profuncus and flexor pollicis longus
Where does pronator quadratus attach/ originate?
originate = anterior surface of ulna attaches = anterior surface or radius
Where is brachioradialis found?
lateral side of forearm
What forms the roof of the cubital fossa?
bicipital aponeurosis
Where does the biceps originate?
Long head = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head = coracoid process
Where does the biceps insert?
radial tuberoisty and fascia of forearm vida bicipital aponeurosis
What is the bicipital aponeurosis?
connective tissue sheet where biceps enters the forearm
Where does the coracobrachialis originate?
coracoid process
Where does coracobrachialis attach?
medial side of humeral shaft
Role of coracobrachialis?
flexion at shoulder
weak adduction
Where does brachialis originate?
medial and lateral surfaces of humeral shaft
Where does brachialis insert?
ulna tuberosity
Where does the triceps tendon insert?
olecranon of ulna
Where does the long head of triceps originate?
infraglenoid tubercle
Where does the lateral head of triceps originate?
humerus, superior to the radial groove
Where does the medial head of triceps originate?
Humerus, inferior to the radial groove
What nerve is triceps brachii?
Radial nerve
What are the superficial muscles in the posterior forearm?
- brachioradialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- anconeus
How many muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior forearm?
7
What is the extensor retinaculum
Fibrous connective tissue around the wrist that holds tendons in place
Where does the brachioradialis originate/ insert?
originates on lateral supracondylar ridge of humerous
attaches to distal end of radius, before radial styloid
Why is brachioradialis described as paradoxical?
its origin and innervation are characteristic of an extensor but it is actually a flexor at the elbow
Where does extensor carpi radialis longus originate and insert?
originates from supracondylar ridges
attaches to metacarpal II
Where does extensor carpi radialis brevis originate and insert?
originates from the lateral epicondyle
attaches to metacarpal III
Where does the extensor digitorum originate and attach?
originates from lateral epicondyle
splits into four and inserts into extensor hood of each finger
Where does the extensor digiti minimi originate/ insert and what is its role?
originates from lateral epicondyle
attaches in extensor hood of little finger
extension of little finger
What movements does the extensor carpi ulnaris do?
adduction and extension in wrist
Where does the extensor carpi ulnaris originate and attach?
originates from lateral epicondyle
attaches to base of metacarpal V
Where does the anconeus originate and attach?
originates from lateral epicondyle
attaches to olecranon
How many muscles are there in the deep layer of the posterior forearm?
5
WHat are the five muscles in the deep posterior forearm?
- supinator
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor indicis proprius
How many heads does the supinator have?
Where do they originate?
2- superficial and deep
1 = lateral epicondyle
2 = posteior ulna
Where does the supinator attach?
shaft of radius
What are the two supinators of the forearm?
biceps and supinator
Role of abductor pollicis longus
abduction of thumb
Where does abductor pollicis longus originate and insert?
originates from interosseous membrane and surfaces of radius and ulna
attaches to metacarpal I
Where does the extensor pollicis brevis originate and insert?
originates from posterior surface of radius and attaches to proximal phalanx of the thumb
Action of extensor pollicis brevis
Extends at the metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb.
Where does the extensor pollicis longus originate and insert?
originates from ulna
attaches to dista l phalanx of thumb
What does the extensor indicis proprius do?
extends the index finger
Where does the extensor indicis proprius originate and insert?
originates from posterior surface of ulna and attaches to extensor hood of index finger
What muscles in the hand are responsible for precision grip?
Intrinsic muscles of the hand
What do extrinsic muscles do and where are they located?
In the forearm and control crude movements and produce forceful grip
Where are the thenar muscles?
Short muscles located at the base of the thumb
What is the muscle bulge in the thumb called?
Thenar eminence
What innervated the thenar muscles
Median nerve
Names of thenar muscles
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Which is the most lateral thenar muscle?
Opponens pollicis
Where does opponens pollicis originate and attach?
tubercle of trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum to lateral part of metacarpal I
What does opponens pollicis do?
Opposes the thumb, medially rotates and flexes metacarpal I on the trapezium
Where does abductor pollicis brevis attach?
from tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and flexor retinaculum
to lateral side of proximal phalanx of the thumb
Where does flexor pollicis brevis attach?
tubercle of trapezium and flexor retinaculum
to base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
What does abductor pollicis brevis do?
Abducts the thumb
What does flexor pollicis brevis do?
Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
What is the muscular protrusion on the medial side of the palm?
Hypothenar eminence
What innervates the hypothenar muscles?
Ulnar nerve
What are the hypothenar muscles?
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Where does opponens digiti minimi attach?
Hook of hamate to medial metacarpal V
Where does abductor digiti minimi attach?
Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
to proximal phalanx of little finger
Where does flexor digiti minimi attach?
Hook of hamate to base of proximal phalanx of little finger
What does opponens digiti minimi do?
Rotates the metacarpal of the little finger towards the palm. producing opposition
What does abductor digiti minimi do?
Abducts the little finger
What does flexor digiti minimi brevis do?
Flexes the MCP joint of the little finger
What is the deep muscle of the hypothenar eminence?
Opponens digiti minimi
Which hypothenar muscle is most superficial?
Abductor digiti minimi
Which hypothnar muscle is the most lateral?
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
How many lumbricals are there in the hand?
4, one for each finger
Where do lumbricals attach?
Each originates from tendon of flexor digitorum profundus and pass dorsally and laterally around each finger and insert into the extensor hood
What do the lumbricals do?
Flex at MCP joint, extent interphalageal joints
What are the lumbricals innervated by?
The lateral two (index and middle) = median Medial two (little and ring) =ulnar
Where are the interossei?
Between metacarpals
What can the interossei be divided into?
Dorsal and palmar
What do the interossei do?
In addition to their actions of abduction (dorsal interossei) and adduction (palmar interossei) of the fingers, the interossei also assist the lumbricals in flexion and MCP joints and extension at the IP joints.
How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?
four
Where do the dorsal interossei attach?
Originates from lateral and medial surfaces of metacarpals
Attach to extensor hood in proximal phalanx of each finger
What do the dorsal interossei do?
Abduct the fingers at MCP joint
What innervates the interossei?
Ulnar
How many palmar interossei are there?
3
Where do the palmar interossei attach?
Each interossei originates from a medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal, and attaches into the extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger.
What do palmar interossei do?
Adduct fingers at MCP joint
What are the muscles in the hand that are not lumbricals or interossei or hypothenar or thenar?
Palmaris brevis
Adductor pollicis
Where does palmaris brevis attach?
Originates from the palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum, attaches to the dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand.
Action of palmaris brevis
Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip.
Innervation of palmaris brevis
Ulnar
Where does adductor pollicis attach?
One head originates from metacarpal III. The other head originates from the capitate and adjacent areas of metacarpals II and III. Both attach into the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
Actions of adductor pollicis?
Adducts the thumb
Innervation of adductor pollicis?
Ulnar
What nerve is 1/2 loaf?
median
What does 1/2 loaf stand for?
1/2 of Lumbricals Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis Flexor pollicis
How can you divide muscles of the shoulder
Extrinsic and intrinsic
Where are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?
Originate from torso, attach to bones of shoulder
Where are the intrinsic muscles of shoulder
Originate from scapula or clavicle and attach to humerus
How many intrinsic muscles of the shoulder are there?
6
What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?
Deltoid teres major supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis teres minor
Where does the deltoid go?
Originates from scapula and clavicle
Attaches to deltoid tuberosity on lateral humerus
Where does teres major attach?
Originates from the posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula. It attaches to the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
