Joints of Upper Limb

Question 1

What joints are in the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

sternoclavicular

acromioclavicular

Question 2

What does the sternoclavicular joint involve?

Answer 2

Medial end of the clavicle and upper lateral edge of manubrium of sternum

Question 3

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 3

an atypical synovial joint where surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage

Question 4

What is the sternoclavicular joint renforced by?

Answer 4

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, costoclavicular ligament

Question 5

Describe the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 5

synovial
weakly encapsulated
stabilised by coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligaments

Question 6

Why is dislocation of joints in the shoulder girdle uncommon?

Answer 6

They transmit little of the force associated with upper limb movements

Question 7

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 7

ball and socket synovial

Question 8

What is the glenoid labrum?

Answer 8

rim of fibrocartilage attached to cavity margins of glenohumeral joint

Question 9

What ligaments add stability to the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 9

Three glenohumeral ligaments and coracohumeral ligament

Question 10

What is the subarcomial bursa?

Answer 10

synovial cavity below the acromion

Question 11

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 11

synovial hinge

Question 12

What does the elbow joint consist of?

Answer 12

Articulations between:

• trochlea of humerus and the trochlear notch of ulna
• capitulum of humerus and head of radius
• head of radius and radial notch

Question 13

What is the capsule of the elbow joint reinforced by?

Answer 13

lateral and medial ligaments (radial and ulnar collateral ligaments)

Question 14

What is the radio-ulnar joint held together by?

Answer 14

Annular ligament which allows rotation of radial head on ulna

Question 15

How can the elbow joint be affected by fall onto outstretched hand?

Answer 15

Posterior dislocation

Question 16

What joints are there in the forearm and wrist?

Answer 16

Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

Radio-carpal joint

Question 17

What type of joints are the radio-ulnar joints?

Answer 17

synovial pivot joints

Question 18

What does the proximal radio-ulnar joint compromise of?

Answer 18

head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Question 19

What does the distal radio-ulnar joint compromise of?

Answer 19

ulnar notch of radius and head of ulna

Question 20

What type of joint is the radio-carpal joint?

Answer 20

synovial ellipsoid

Question 21

What is the radio-carpal joint compromised of?

Answer 21

Distal end of radius and intra-articular disc articulating with proximal row of carpal bones

Question 22

What ligaments strengthen radio-carpal joint?

Answer 22

radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and dorsal and palmar ligaments

Question 23

Describe flexor retinaculum?

Answer 23

• ligament
• bridges concavity of carpal bones
• retains flexor tendons
• runs from scaphoid, trapezium to pisiform and hook of hamate

Question 24

What merges with flexor retinaculum?

Answer 24

protective palmar aponeurosis from tendon of palmaris longus

Question 25

What runs across the back of the wrist?

Answer 25

extensor retinaculum

Question 26

Which of flexor and extensor retinaculum is thinner?

Answer 26

Extensor

Question 27

Where does extensor retinaculum run?

Answer 27

from pisiform, hook of hamte to radius

Question 28

What joints are in the hand?

Answer 28

intercarpal
carpo-metacarpal
metacarpo-phalageal
interphalageal

Question 29

What type of joints are intercarpal joints?

Answer 29

plane synovial

Question 30

Which joint allows opposition of the thumb?

Answer 30

carpo-metacarpal joint between trapezium and 1st metacarpal

synovial saddle joint

Question 31

What type of joints are metacarpo-phalageal joints?

Answer 31

condylar synovial joints, allowing side to side movement