Joints of Upper Limb Flashcards
What joints are in the shoulder girdle?
sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
What does the sternoclavicular joint involve?
Medial end of the clavicle and upper lateral edge of manubrium of sternum
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
an atypical synovial joint where surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage
What is the sternoclavicular joint renforced by?
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, costoclavicular ligament
Describe the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial
weakly encapsulated
stabilised by coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular ligaments
Why is dislocation of joints in the shoulder girdle uncommon?
They transmit little of the force associated with upper limb movements
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
ball and socket synovial
What is the glenoid labrum?
rim of fibrocartilage attached to cavity margins of glenohumeral joint
What ligaments add stability to the glenohumeral joint?
Three glenohumeral ligaments and coracohumeral ligament
What is the subarcomial bursa?
synovial cavity below the acromion
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
synovial hinge
What does the elbow joint consist of?
Articulations between:
- trochlea of humerus and the trochlear notch of ulna
- capitulum of humerus and head of radius
- head of radius and radial notch
What is the capsule of the elbow joint reinforced by?
lateral and medial ligaments (radial and ulnar collateral ligaments)
What is the radio-ulnar joint held together by?
Annular ligament which allows rotation of radial head on ulna
How can the elbow joint be affected by fall onto outstretched hand?
Posterior dislocation
What joints are there in the forearm and wrist?
Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
Radio-carpal joint
What type of joints are the radio-ulnar joints?
synovial pivot joints
What does the proximal radio-ulnar joint compromise of?
head of radius and radial notch of ulna
What does the distal radio-ulnar joint compromise of?
ulnar notch of radius and head of ulna
What type of joint is the radio-carpal joint?
synovial ellipsoid
What is the radio-carpal joint compromised of?
Distal end of radius and intra-articular disc articulating with proximal row of carpal bones
What ligaments strengthen radio-carpal joint?
radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and dorsal and palmar ligaments
Describe flexor retinaculum?
- ligament
- bridges concavity of carpal bones
- retains flexor tendons
- runs from scaphoid, trapezium to pisiform and hook of hamate
What merges with flexor retinaculum?
protective palmar aponeurosis from tendon of palmaris longus
What runs across the back of the wrist?
extensor retinaculum
Which of flexor and extensor retinaculum is thinner?
Extensor
Where does extensor retinaculum run?
from pisiform, hook of hamte to radius
What joints are in the hand?
intercarpal
carpo-metacarpal
metacarpo-phalageal
interphalageal
What type of joints are intercarpal joints?
plane synovial
Which joint allows opposition of the thumb?
carpo-metacarpal joint between trapezium and 1st metacarpal
synovial saddle joint
What type of joints are metacarpo-phalageal joints?
condylar synovial joints, allowing side to side movement
