Muscles of Lower Limb Flashcards
What can muscles of the gluteal region be divided into?
superficial abductors and extenders
deep lateral rotator
What are the superficial abductors and extensors of the gluteal region?
gluteus maximus, gluteus medias, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
Whats are the deep lateral rotators of the gluteal region?
quadrator femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior and obturator infernus
What is the most superficial gluteal muscle?
Maximus
Which part of the hip does the gluteus maximus attach to?
ilium sacrum and coccyx
Where does the gluteus maximus insert?
iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Function of gluteus maximus
extensor of thigh
assists with lateral rotation (finger butt example)
Where does the gluteus medius attach?
ilium to greater trochanter
Function of gluteus medius
abducts and medially rotates lower limb
prevents pelvic drop during locomotion
What is the deepest gluteal muscle?
Gluteus minimus
Function of gluteus minimus
abducts and medially rotates
where does tensor fascia lata run?
anterior iliac crest (ASIS) to iliotibial tract
Action of tensor fascia lata
Assists gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb.
Where does the piriformis attach?
Originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum. It then travels infero-laterally, through the greater sciatic foramen, to insert into the greater trochanter of the femur.
Actions of deep gluteal muscles
lateral rotation and abduction
Where does the obturator internus attach?
Originates from the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen. It travels through the lesser sciatic foramen, and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur.
Where do the gemelli attach?
The superior gemellus muscle originates from the ischial spine, the inferior from the ischial tuberosity. They both attach to the greater trochanter of the femur.
Where does the quadratus femoris attach?
It originates from the lateral side of the ischial tuberosity, and attaches to the quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest.
What are the three major muscles in the anterior thigh?
pectineus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
(also iliopsoas)
Where does the pectineus run from?
pectineal line of pelvis to pectineal line of posterior femus (just inferior to lesser trochanter)
What does pectineus do?
Adduction and flexion at hip
Where does sartorius attach?
Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine, and attaches to the superior, medial surface of the tibia.
Actions of sartorius
At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.
Briefly, what are quadriceps?
4 big muscles that cause you to extend your knee, except rectus femoris (which makes you extend your knee and flex your hip -kicking muscle)
What are the quadriceps?
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
rectus femoris
What is the only muscle of the quadriceps to cross both the hip and knee joints
rectus femoris
What does vastus medialis do?
grabbing the patella and bringing it into the groove between the femoral condyles
What two muscles is iliopsoas made up from?
psoas major and iliacus
Action of iliopsoas
Flexes at hip joint at lateral rotation at the hip joint
Where does psoas major originate from?
Lumbar vertebrae
Where does iliacus originate from?
iliac fossa of pelvis
Where does iliopsoas insert?
lesser trochanter
What is the iliotibial tract?
longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata
What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh collectively known as?
Hip adductors
What are the medial muscles of the thigh?
gracilis obturator externus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus
Muscles in posterior thigh
- Biceps femoris
- Semitendinosus
- Semimembranosus
Muscles in anterior leg
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Fibularis tertius
Superficial muscles in posterior leg
- Gastrocnemius
- Plantaris
- Soleus
Deep muscles in posterior leg
- Popliteus
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus
Muscles in lateral leg
- Fiburlaris longus
- Fibularis brevis
Where do extrinsic muscles of the foot arise from?
anterior, posterior and lateral compartments of the leg.
What are the extrinsic muscles of the foot responsible for?
They are mainly responsible for actions such as eversion, inversion, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the foot.
Where are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Within the foot
What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot responsible for?
fine motor actions of the foot such as movement of individual digits
What muscles are in the dorsal aspect of the foot?
extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis
Which is the most medial part of the dorsal aspect of the foot?
extensor hallucis brevis
Which is the most lateral muscle in the dorsal aspect of the foot?
extensor digitorum brevis
How many intrinsic muscles are there in the plantar aspect of your foot?
10
How many layers of plantar muscles are there?
4
Is the first layer of plantar muscles superficial or deep?
superficial
What muscles are in the first layer?
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi
What muscles are in the second layer?
quadratus plantae
lumbricals
What muscles are in the third layer
flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis
What muscles are in the fourth layer?
plantar and dorsal interossei
