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BM1 Anatomy: Michealmas > Muscles of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Muscles of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What can muscles of the gluteal region be divided into?

A

superficial abductors and extenders

deep lateral rotator

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2
Q

What are the superficial abductors and extensors of the gluteal region?

A

gluteus maximus, gluteus medias, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

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3
Q

Whats are the deep lateral rotators of the gluteal region?

A

quadrator femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior and obturator infernus

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4
Q

What is the most superficial gluteal muscle?

A

Maximus

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5
Q

Which part of the hip does the gluteus maximus attach to?

A

ilium sacrum and coccyx

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6
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

A

iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

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7
Q

Function of gluteus maximus

A

extensor of thigh

assists with lateral rotation (finger butt example)

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8
Q

Where does the gluteus medius attach?

A

ilium to greater trochanter

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9
Q

Function of gluteus medius

A

abducts and medially rotates lower limb

prevents pelvic drop during locomotion

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10
Q

What is the deepest gluteal muscle?

A

Gluteus minimus

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11
Q

Function of gluteus minimus

A

abducts and medially rotates

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12
Q

where does tensor fascia lata run?

A

anterior iliac crest (ASIS) to iliotibial tract

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13
Q

Action of tensor fascia lata

A

Assists gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation of the lower limb.

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14
Q

Where does the piriformis attach?

A

Originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum. It then travels infero-laterally, through the greater sciatic foramen, to insert into the greater trochanter of the femur.

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15
Q

Actions of deep gluteal muscles

A

lateral rotation and abduction

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16
Q

Where does the obturator internus attach?

A

Originates from the pubis and ischium at the obturator foramen. It travels through the lesser sciatic foramen, and attaches to the greater trochanter of the femur.

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17
Q

Where do the gemelli attach?

A

The superior gemellus muscle originates from the ischial spine, the inferior from the ischial tuberosity. They both attach to the greater trochanter of the femur.

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18
Q

Where does the quadratus femoris attach?

A

It originates from the lateral side of the ischial tuberosity, and attaches to the quadrate tuberosity on the intertrochanteric crest.

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19
Q

What are the three major muscles in the anterior thigh?

A

pectineus
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
(also iliopsoas)

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20
Q

Where does the pectineus run from?

A

pectineal line of pelvis to pectineal line of posterior femus (just inferior to lesser trochanter)

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21
Q

What does pectineus do?

A

Adduction and flexion at hip

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22
Q

Where does sartorius attach?

A

Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine, and attaches to the superior, medial surface of the tibia.

23
Q

Actions of sartorius

A

At the hip joint, it is a flexor, abductor and lateral rotator. At the knee joint, it is also a flexor.

24
Q

Briefly, what are quadriceps?

A

4 big muscles that cause you to extend your knee, except rectus femoris (which makes you extend your knee and flex your hip -kicking muscle)

25
Q

What are the quadriceps?

A

vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
rectus femoris

26
Q

What is the only muscle of the quadriceps to cross both the hip and knee joints

A

rectus femoris

27
Q

What does vastus medialis do?

A

grabbing the patella and bringing it into the groove between the femoral condyles

28
Q

What two muscles is iliopsoas made up from?

A

psoas major and iliacus

29
Q

Action of iliopsoas

A

Flexes at hip joint at lateral rotation at the hip joint

30
Q

Where does psoas major originate from?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

31
Q

Where does iliacus originate from?

A

iliac fossa of pelvis

32
Q

Where does iliopsoas insert?

A

lesser trochanter

33
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

longitudinal fibrous reinforcement of the fascia lata

34
Q

What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh collectively known as?

A

Hip adductors

35
Q

What are the medial muscles of the thigh?

A 
gracilis
obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
36
Q

Muscles in posterior thigh

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
37
Q

Muscles in anterior leg

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Fibularis tertius
38
Q

Superficial muscles in posterior leg

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Plantaris
  • Soleus
39
Q

Deep muscles in posterior leg

A
  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
40
Q

Muscles in lateral leg

A
  • Fiburlaris longus

- Fibularis brevis

41
Q

Where do extrinsic muscles of the foot arise from?

A

anterior, posterior and lateral compartments of the leg.

42
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the foot responsible for?

A

They are mainly responsible for actions such as eversion, inversion, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the foot.

43
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Within the foot

44
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot responsible for?

A

fine motor actions of the foot such as movement of individual digits

45
Q

What muscles are in the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

extensor digitorum brevis

extensor hallucis brevis

46
Q

Which is the most medial part of the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

extensor hallucis brevis

47
Q

Which is the most lateral muscle in the dorsal aspect of the foot?

A

extensor digitorum brevis

48
Q

How many intrinsic muscles are there in the plantar aspect of your foot?

A

10

49
Q

How many layers of plantar muscles are there?

A

4

50
Q

Is the first layer of plantar muscles superficial or deep?

A

superficial

51
Q

What muscles are in the first layer?

A

abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi

52
Q

What muscles are in the second layer?

A

quadratus plantae

lumbricals

53
Q

What muscles are in the third layer

A

flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis

54
Q

What muscles are in the fourth layer?

A

plantar and dorsal interossei

BM1 Anatomy: Michealmas (13 decks)

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