Joints of Lower Limb Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial ball and socket
What articulates at the hip joint?
Pelvic acetabulum and head of femur
What is the acetabulum deepened by?
fibrocartilaginous collar - acetabular labrum
What are the head of femur and acetabulum covered by?
Articular cartilage, which is thicker in places of weight bearing
What can the ligaments of the hip joint be divided into?
Two groups - intracapsular and extracapsular
What are the intracapsular ligaments?
ligament of head of femur, running from acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femur
What are the three extracapsular ligaments?
Ilifemoral ligament
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
Describe the ilifemoral ligament
from anterior inferior iliac spine and bifurcates and inserts into the intertrochanteric line
Y shapes
prevents overextension
strongest of the three
Describe the pubofemoral ligament
pans between the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line of the femur, reinforcing the capsule anteriorly and inferiorly.
It has a triangular shape, and prevents excessive abduction and extension.
Describe the ischiofemoral ligament
spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur, reinforcing the capsule posteriorly.
It has a spiral orientation, and prevents hyperextension and holds the femoral head in the acetabulum.
What is the arrangement of the three ligaments in the hip joint?
spiral that becomes tighter when joint is extended
What type of joint is the knee?
synovial hinge
What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint?
Tibiofemoral – medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulating with the tibial condyles.
Patellofemoral – anterior aspect of the distal femur articulating with the patella.
What is the tibiofemoral joint for?
weightbearing
What is the patellofemoral joint for?
allows tendon of quadriceps femoris to be inserted directly over the knee
What are menisci?
fibrocartilage structures in the knee
Functions of menisci?
To deepen the articular surface of the tibia, thus increasing stability of the joint.
To act as shock absorbers by increasing surface area to further dissipate forces.
Where are the menisci attached?
intercondylar area of the tibia
What are the bursae in the knee joint called?
suprapatella
prepatella
infrapatella
semimembranosus
What ligaments are in the knee joint?
patella
collateral
cruciate
Where does the patellar ligament go?
continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon to tibial tuberosity
What to the collateral ligaments of the knee do?
Prevent excessive medial or lateral movement
What are the cruciate ligaments?
two ligaments that connect the femur and the tibia
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?
plane synovial
What is the proximal tibiofibular joint supported by?
Anterior and posterior superior tibiofibular ligaments – span between the fibular head and lateral tibial condyle
Lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint
Biceps femoris – provides reinforcement as it inserts onto the fibular head.
What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint
fibrous
What does the distal tibiodibular joint receive support from?
Interosseous membrane – a fibrous structure spanning the length of the tibia and fibula.
Anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments
Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament – a continuation of the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.
What forms the ankle joint?
bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the foot (talus).
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
hinge
What is the socket forms by the tibia and fibula called?
mortise
Where is the medial ligament attached?
Medial malleolus
is four ligaments
attach to talus calcaneus and navicular
Primary function of the medial ligament of ankle
Resist over-eversion
What does the lateral ligament of the ankle do?
Prevent over-inversionof the foot
What is the lateral ligament composed of?
Anterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and lateral aspect of the talus.
Posterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and the posterior aspect of the talus.
Calcaneofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus.
What is the subtalar joint?
Articulation between the talus and the calcaneus
What type of joint is the subtalar joint?
plane synovial
What type of cartilage is in the subtalar joint?
Articular cartilage
What is the subtalar joint strengthened by?
-joint capsule and fibrous layer
-Posterior talocalcaneal ligament
Medial talocalcaneal ligament
Lateral talocalcaneal ligament
