Joints of Lower Limb

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 1

Synovial ball and socket

Question 2

What articulates at the hip joint?

Answer 2

Pelvic acetabulum and head of femur

Question 3

What is the acetabulum deepened by?

Answer 3

fibrocartilaginous collar - acetabular labrum

Question 4

What are the head of femur and acetabulum covered by?

Answer 4

Articular cartilage, which is thicker in places of weight bearing

Question 5

What can the ligaments of the hip joint be divided into?

Answer 5

Two groups - intracapsular and extracapsular

Question 6

What are the intracapsular ligaments?

Answer 6

ligament of head of femur, running from acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femur

Question 7

What are the three extracapsular ligaments?

Answer 7

Ilifemoral ligament
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

Question 8

Describe the ilifemoral ligament

Answer 8

from anterior inferior iliac spine and bifurcates and inserts into the intertrochanteric line
Y shapes
prevents overextension
strongest of the three

Question 9

Describe the pubofemoral ligament

Answer 9

pans between the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line of the femur, reinforcing the capsule anteriorly and inferiorly.
It has a triangular shape, and prevents excessive abduction and extension.

Question 10

Describe the ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 10

spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur, reinforcing the capsule posteriorly.
It has a spiral orientation, and prevents hyperextension and holds the femoral head in the acetabulum.

Question 11

What is the arrangement of the three ligaments in the hip joint?

Answer 11

spiral that becomes tighter when joint is extended

Question 12

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 12

synovial hinge

Question 13

What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint?

Answer 13

Tibiofemoral – medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulating with the tibial condyles.
Patellofemoral – anterior aspect of the distal femur articulating with the patella.

Question 14

What is the tibiofemoral joint for?

Answer 14

weightbearing

Question 15

What is the patellofemoral joint for?

Answer 15

allows tendon of quadriceps femoris to be inserted directly over the knee

Question 16

What are menisci?

Answer 16

fibrocartilage structures in the knee

Question 17

Functions of menisci?

Answer 17

To deepen the articular surface of the tibia, thus increasing stability of the joint.
To act as shock absorbers by increasing surface area to further dissipate forces.

Question 18

Where are the menisci attached?

Answer 18

intercondylar area of the tibia

Question 19

What are the bursae in the knee joint called?

Answer 19

suprapatella
prepatella
infrapatella
semimembranosus

Question 20

What ligaments are in the knee joint?

Answer 20

patella
collateral
cruciate

Question 21

Where does the patellar ligament go?

Answer 21

continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon to tibial tuberosity

Question 22

What to the collateral ligaments of the knee do?

Answer 22

Prevent excessive medial or lateral movement

Question 23

What are the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 23

two ligaments that connect the femur and the tibia

Question 24

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 24

plane synovial

Question 25

What is the proximal tibiofibular joint supported by?

Answer 25

Anterior and posterior superior tibiofibular ligaments – span between the fibular head and lateral tibial condyle
Lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint
Biceps femoris – provides reinforcement as it inserts onto the fibular head.

Question 26

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint

Answer 26

fibrous

Question 27

What does the distal tibiodibular joint receive support from?

Answer 27

Interosseous membrane – a fibrous structure spanning the length of the tibia and fibula.
Anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments
Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament – a continuation of the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.

Question 28

What forms the ankle joint?

Answer 28

bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the foot (talus).

Question 29

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

Answer 29

hinge

Question 30

What is the socket forms by the tibia and fibula called?

Answer 30

mortise

Question 31

Where is the medial ligament attached?

Answer 31

Medial malleolus
is four ligaments
attach to talus calcaneus and navicular

Question 32

Primary function of the medial ligament of ankle

Answer 32

Resist over-eversion

Question 33

What does the lateral ligament of the ankle do?

Answer 33

Prevent over-inversionof the foot

Question 34

What is the lateral ligament composed of?

Answer 34

Anterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and lateral aspect of the talus.
Posterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and the posterior aspect of the talus.
Calcaneofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus.

Question 35

What is the subtalar joint?

Answer 35

Articulation between the talus and the calcaneus

Question 36

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

Answer 36

plane synovial

Question 37

What type of cartilage is in the subtalar joint?

Answer 37

Articular cartilage

Question 38

What is the subtalar joint strengthened by?

Answer 38

-joint capsule and fibrous layer
-Posterior talocalcaneal ligament
Medial talocalcaneal ligament
Lateral talocalcaneal ligament