Joints of Lower Limb Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial ball and socket
What articulates at the hip joint?
Pelvic acetabulum and head of femur
What is the acetabulum deepened by?
fibrocartilaginous collar - acetabular labrum
What are the head of femur and acetabulum covered by?
Articular cartilage, which is thicker in places of weight bearing
What can the ligaments of the hip joint be divided into?
Two groups - intracapsular and extracapsular
What are the intracapsular ligaments?
ligament of head of femur, running from acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femur
What are the three extracapsular ligaments?
Ilifemoral ligament
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
Describe the ilifemoral ligament
from anterior inferior iliac spine and bifurcates and inserts into the intertrochanteric line
Y shapes
prevents overextension
strongest of the three
Describe the pubofemoral ligament
pans between the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line of the femur, reinforcing the capsule anteriorly and inferiorly.
It has a triangular shape, and prevents excessive abduction and extension.
Describe the ischiofemoral ligament
spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur, reinforcing the capsule posteriorly.
It has a spiral orientation, and prevents hyperextension and holds the femoral head in the acetabulum.
What is the arrangement of the three ligaments in the hip joint?
spiral that becomes tighter when joint is extended
What type of joint is the knee?
synovial hinge
What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint?
Tibiofemoral – medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulating with the tibial condyles.
Patellofemoral – anterior aspect of the distal femur articulating with the patella.
What is the tibiofemoral joint for?
weightbearing
What is the patellofemoral joint for?
allows tendon of quadriceps femoris to be inserted directly over the knee