Joints of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket

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2
Q

What articulates at the hip joint?

A

Pelvic acetabulum and head of femur

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3
Q

What is the acetabulum deepened by?

A

fibrocartilaginous collar - acetabular labrum

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4
Q

What are the head of femur and acetabulum covered by?

A

Articular cartilage, which is thicker in places of weight bearing

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5
Q

What can the ligaments of the hip joint be divided into?

A

Two groups - intracapsular and extracapsular

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6
Q

What are the intracapsular ligaments?

A

ligament of head of femur, running from acetabular fossa to the fovea of the femur

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7
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments?

A

Ilifemoral ligament
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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8
Q

Describe the ilifemoral ligament

A

from anterior inferior iliac spine and bifurcates and inserts into the intertrochanteric line
Y shapes
prevents overextension
strongest of the three

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9
Q

Describe the pubofemoral ligament

A

pans between the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line of the femur, reinforcing the capsule anteriorly and inferiorly.
It has a triangular shape, and prevents excessive abduction and extension.

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10
Q

Describe the ischiofemoral ligament

A

spans between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur, reinforcing the capsule posteriorly.
It has a spiral orientation, and prevents hyperextension and holds the femoral head in the acetabulum.

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11
Q

What is the arrangement of the three ligaments in the hip joint?

A

spiral that becomes tighter when joint is extended

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12
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

synovial hinge

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13
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint?

A

Tibiofemoral – medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulating with the tibial condyles.
Patellofemoral – anterior aspect of the distal femur articulating with the patella.

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14
Q

What is the tibiofemoral joint for?

A

weightbearing

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15
Q

What is the patellofemoral joint for?

A

allows tendon of quadriceps femoris to be inserted directly over the knee

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16
Q

What are menisci?

A

fibrocartilage structures in the knee

17
Q

Functions of menisci?

A

To deepen the articular surface of the tibia, thus increasing stability of the joint.
To act as shock absorbers by increasing surface area to further dissipate forces.

18
Q

Where are the menisci attached?

A

intercondylar area of the tibia

19
Q

What are the bursae in the knee joint called?

A

suprapatella
prepatella
infrapatella
semimembranosus

20
Q

What ligaments are in the knee joint?

A

patella
collateral
cruciate

21
Q

Where does the patellar ligament go?

A

continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon to tibial tuberosity

22
Q

What to the collateral ligaments of the knee do?

A

Prevent excessive medial or lateral movement

23
Q

What are the cruciate ligaments?

A

two ligaments that connect the femur and the tibia

24
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

plane synovial

25
Q

What is the proximal tibiofibular joint supported by?

A

Anterior and posterior superior tibiofibular ligaments – span between the fibular head and lateral tibial condyle
Lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint
Biceps femoris – provides reinforcement as it inserts onto the fibular head.

26
Q

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint

A

fibrous

27
Q

What does the distal tibiodibular joint receive support from?

A

Interosseous membrane – a fibrous structure spanning the length of the tibia and fibula.
Anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligaments
Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament – a continuation of the posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.

28
Q

What forms the ankle joint?

A

bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the foot (talus).

29
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

hinge

30
Q

What is the socket forms by the tibia and fibula called?

A

mortise

31
Q

Where is the medial ligament attached?

A

Medial malleolus
is four ligaments
attach to talus calcaneus and navicular

32
Q

Primary function of the medial ligament of ankle

A

Resist over-eversion

33
Q

What does the lateral ligament of the ankle do?

A

Prevent over-inversionof the foot

34
Q

What is the lateral ligament composed of?

A

Anterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and lateral aspect of the talus.
Posterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and the posterior aspect of the talus.
Calcaneofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus.

35
Q

What is the subtalar joint?

A

Articulation between the talus and the calcaneus

36
Q

What type of joint is the subtalar joint?

A

plane synovial

37
Q

What type of cartilage is in the subtalar joint?

A

Articular cartilage

38
Q

What is the subtalar joint strengthened by?

A

-joint capsule and fibrous layer
-Posterior talocalcaneal ligament
Medial talocalcaneal ligament
Lateral talocalcaneal ligament