Muscles of the Upper Limb Flashcards
What is the origin of the brachialis muscle?
Ant aspect of the distal half of the shaft of the humerus
What is the insertion of the FDS?
Four tendons, one in each middle phalanx
What is the insertion of the supraspinatus muscle?
Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
What is the attachment of the long head of the triceps?
Infraglenoid tubercle
What is the origin of flexor pollicis longus?
Shaft of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
What is the origin of FDS
Medial epicondyle
Both ulna and radius
Why is their a bare patch in the synovial sheaths of the FDS and FDP tendons?
That space gives rise to the lumbrical muscles
Where does the FCR insert?
2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Where does ECRL and B insert?
2nd and 3rd metacarpals posteriorly
What happens when both the ECRL and B, and FCR contract?
Radial deviation
Which flexors on the forearm insert onto metacarpals?
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What are the names of the muscles that make up the hypothenar muscle?
(… One For All)
Opponens digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
What is the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle?
Coracoid process of the scap
What movements does the teres major allow?
Adduction
Medial rotation
What are the muscles that make up the thenar muscle?
(All For One And…)
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Adductor pollicis``
What is the insertion and origin of the subclavius?
Origin: 1st Rib
Insertion: Inferior surface of clavicle
What is the function of the subclavius?
Stabilise the clavicle
What movement does the brachioradialis muscle allow?
Flexion of elbow
What makes up the superficial palmar arterial arch?
It’s started by the ulnar artery and finished by the radial artery
What is the origin and course of the long head of the bicep?
Originates in the supraglenoid tubercle
Traverses over the head of the humerus, within the capsule and out through the bicepital groove
What is the insertion of the deltoid?
Deltoid tuberosity on humerus
Where does the FDS lie in relation to the FCU and FCR?
Underneath
What is the configuration of the tendons of the FDS?
Tendons of the 3rd and 4th fingers ontop of the tendons of the 2nd and 5th fingers.
Where do the extensors of the thumb originate?
Shaft of ulnar and adjacent interosseous membrane
What are the borders of the palmar aponeurosis?
Flexor aproneurosis proximally
Slips into the bases of the each of the 4 fingers
Describe the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Pisiform bone is in its tendon on its way to the 5th metacarpal
Which of the lumbrical muscles are dual bellied?
3rd and 4th fingers
What is the attachment of the lateral head of the tricep?
Linear attachment on the posterior shaft of the humerus
Which nerves supplies the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic nerve
What is the course of the lumbrical muscle?
From the FD tendon on the metacarpals
Around the radial side of the 4 fingers
Onto the tendon of the ED
What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Scapula and Clavicle
What are the origins of the deltoid?
Spine of the scapula
Acromium
Clavicle
How does the pattern of FDS and FDP’s tendons differ in their traversal of the carpal tunnel
FDP’s tendon line is a line of 4, deep to the tendons of FDS which lie in pairs, 2 ontop of each other.
What is the extra origin of the FCU?
Subcutaneous border of the ulna
What happens when ECU and FCU both contract?
Ulnar deviation
What divides the extensor tendons?
Divisions that come down from the extensor retinaculum
Where does the serratus anterior run?
Beneath the scapula
What type of sheaths by the FDS and FDP have in the hand?
Synovial and fibrous
What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?
Coracoid process
What are the muscle attaching the pectoral girdle to thoracic wall anteriorly?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Subclavius
Serratus Anterior
Where does the brachioradialis muscle insert?
Styloid process of the radius
What does the adductor pollicis muscle share a plane with?
The deep neurovascular plane
Which fibres of the pectoralis major overlie the other fibres?
Clavicular fibres overlie the sternocostal
Which nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?
Axillary
What is the function of the pectoralis minor?
Stabilise scapula
Accessory muscle of respiration
What are the three muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?
Anconeus
Supinator
Extensor indicis
Describe the EDM muscle belly?
It shares its proximal belly with ED
What is the origin of the teres major?
Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
7 layers of the palmar aspect of the hand, go!
Skin and palmaris brevis
Palmar aponeurosis
Thenar and hypothenar muscle
Neurovascular plane
Tendon of the distal flexors and lumbricals
Adductor pollicis and neurovascular plane
Interosseous muscles and metacarpals
What movements happen at the elbow?
Flexion/Extension
Supernation/Pronation
What is the name of the deepest head of the triceps?
Medial head
What are the muscles that attaches the scapula to the humerus?
Teres major
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor
What are the muscles that connect the pectoral girdle to trunk posteriorly?
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
What are the 5 muscles of the superficial, flexor compartment of the forearm?
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpis ulnaris
Where do the hypothenar and thenar muscle arise from?
Flexor retinaculum and carpal bones
What are the attachment of the flexor retinaculum?
Scaphoid
Trapezium
Hook of Hamate
Pisiform
How can you tell f/e from ab/add of the thumb?
F/E is in the same plane as the hand
What happens when the long thoracic nerve is damaged?
Winged scapula
What is the insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?
Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
How often is the extensor indicis identified?
Rarely
What is the insertion of the subscapulae muscle?
The lesser tubercle of the humerus
Where does the medial head of the triceps originate?
Posterior shaft of the humerus
What is the insertion of FPL?
Distal phalanx of the thumb
When does the biceps supinate?
When the elbow is flexed
What movement does the palmar interosseous muscle allow?
Palmar interosseous muscle ADduct (PAD)
What is the origin of the adductor pollicis?
Shaft of the 3rd metacarpal
What is the insertion of the brachialis muscle?
Coranoid process of the ulnar
Where does the pectoralis major muscle insert?
Lateral lip of the bicepital groove
What is the extra origin of the FDS?
Radius
Around which side of the phalanges does the lumbrical tendon run?
Radial side
What is the insertion of the teres major?
Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
How can you find the superficial palmar arterial arch?
It runs on the distal plane of the out stretched thumb
What is the course of the anconeus muscle?
Ula to the lateral epicondyle
What is the name of the two superficial heads of the triceps?
Lateral
Long
Which superficial flexors have more than one origin?
Pronator teres
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Name the nine superficial extensors of the forearm
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
What is the function of the serratus anterior?
Protraction the scapula
Which muscle initiates abduction of the humerus?
Supraspinatus
Which superficial extensors originate at the lateral supracondylar ridge?
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Are there more dorsal or palmar interosseous muscles?
Dorsal
Where does the triceps insert?
Olecranon of ulnar
What is the origin of the serratus anterior?
Lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
What does the short head of the bicep originate?
Coracoid process of scap
T/F the palmar aponeurosis covers the hypothenar muscle but not the thenar muscle
False, it doesn’t cover either of them
What is the origin of the FDP?
Shaft of ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane
Describe the palmar longus?
It has a small belly and long tendon > heading towards extinction
What movement do the dorsal interosseous muscle allow?
Dorsal interosseous muscles ABduct (DAB)
What is the insertion of the teres minor?
The inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Which superficial extensors originate from the lateral epicondyle?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
What is best way to look for the supinator muscle?
Look for the muscle that obsures the proximal shaft of the radius
What is the insertion of ECU?
5th metacarpal
What runs between the two heads of the supinator?
The neural supply of the posterior compartment of the forearm
Which muscles tendons run between the superficial palmar arterial arch and the adductor pollicis?
The FDS and FDP tendons
Where do the interosseous muscle insert?
ED tendon
Which muscle laterally rotate the humerus?
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
What are the major actions of the pectoralis major?
Horizontal adduction
Medial rotation of the humerus
Accessory muscle of respiration
What is the course of the EPL’s tendon?
It goes the “long” way - through the extensor retinaculum and back to the thumb
What are the 3 deep muscles in the flexor compartment?
Pronator quadratus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
T/F Dupuytren’s contractor is due to a thickening of the deep flexor tendons
False, it’s a thickening of the palmar aponeurosis
Where the origins of the pectoralis major?
Clavicular
Sternocostal
Where does the serratus anterior insert?
Vertebral border of the scapula
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Coracobrachialis
Biceps
Brachialis
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?
Ribs 3-5
What are the movement of the thumb?
Flexor/extend
Abduct/adduct
Opposition/reposition
What is the common origin of the flexors of the forearm?
Medial epicondyle
What is the insert of the coracobrachialis?
Mid humerus
What is the insertion of FDP?
Distal palanx of 4 fingers - tendons bursts through the tendon of the FDS
Which muscles form the medial border of the forearm?
FCU
ECU
What movement do the lumbrical muscles allow?
Wave bye bye
Where does pronator teres insert?
Mid point of the shaft of the radius
Where does the ED insert?
Tendons for fingers 2 to 4 posteriorly, each finger gets 3 tendons, one for each phalanx
