Hip Joint Flashcards
Which bones make up the “hip bone”?
The pubis
Ileum
Ischium
What is the lunate surface of the acetabulum?
A crescent shaped area of the joint around 2/3 of the perimeter of the joint
What is the name of the notch that complete of the perimeter of the acetabulum?
Acetabular notch
What is covers the acetabular notch?
Ligament
T/F The acetabular fossa isn’t an articular surface
True
T/F the fat-pad of the acetabular joint is intra-synovial
False, it’s only intra-articular
Which aspect of the femur is the greater trochanter located?
Lateral
What type of epiphyses are present at the greater and lesser trochanters?
Traction trochanters - grow is stimulated by pulling of the muscles
What is the fovea for?
Attachment of the ligament
What is present in the neck of the femur?
Small holes for the entry of vessels
In what orientation is the head of the femur?
Medially
Superiorly
Anteriorly
What are the implications of the anterior orientation of the femur?
A small part sticks out of the capsule - protected by the psoas bursa
Which aspect of the acetabulum does the femur articulate with?
The roof - where the cartilage is thickest
What is weaver’s bottom?
Bursitis due to irritation of the ischial tuberosity
Apart from the psoas bursa where else do can you find bursa?
Over the greater trochanter
What is the function of the labrum of the hip joint?
Increase the SA for articulation
What is the function of the ligament of the head of the femur?
Direct the development of the obturature artery
Why does the neck of the femur become susceptible to breaking with age?
Loss of the trabeculae
What are the inferior (medial and lateral) trabeculae for?
Muscles pulling on the greater and lesser trochanter
Where does the centre of gravity sit in relation to the hip joint?
Behind it
Where does the centre of gravity sit in relation to the knee joint?
Slightly in front
What are the implications of the position of the centre of gravity in relation to the ankle joint?
It’s a fair way forward therefore you need contraction of the soleus to remain upright
What is the position of the greatest stability of the hip joint?
Extension
Medial rotation
Slight abduction
What is the position of least stability of the hip joint?
Flexion
Lateral rotation
Adduction
What ligament of the hip joint is most important?
Iliofemoral lig
What movement does the iliofemoral ligament resist?
Extension
What are the three ligaments of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral
What is the zona orbicularis?
Ring of fibres that line the internal aspect of the ligaments of the hip
What are the retinacular fibres?
Extension of the capsule down the neck of the femur
What are the retinacular fibres important for?
Blood supply of the neck
When does the gluteus maximus work for extension?
When high power is required - eg sprinting
What is the function of the 6 muscles that lie beneath the gluteus maximus?
Support the joint - pull the head into the socket
External rotation
A Trendellenberg gait is due to damage to which muscles?
Gluteus medius and minimus
What is the function of the gluteus medius and minimus?
Abduction
Hold the pelvis level when leg is raised during walking - dysfunction = Trendellenberg gait
What are the three nerves of the hip joint and where do they lie?
Sciatic - behind
Obturator - Medial
Femoral - In front
Where can hip pain be referred to?
The inner thigh
What are the major blood suppliers of the hip joint?
The medial and lateral circumflex arterise
What is endangered in a hip dislocation?
Sciatic nerve
How do you treat congenital dislocation of the hip joint in babies?
Brace the legs in abduction to position the head in the socket
How does a fructured head of the femur appear acutely?
Shortened and medially rotated (due to muscle spasm)
