Bones and Joints of the Upper limb Flashcards
What movement is restricted as the glenohumeral capsule tightens with age?
Abduction
What two structures on the humerus articulate with the radius and ulnar?
Capitulum
Trochlea
Which rotator cuff muscle lie posteriorly to the joint?
Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Which joints are contained in the elbow complex capsule
Elbow joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
What are the attachments of the lateral collateral ligament?
Humerus
Annular ligament
Why are children more likely to get student’s elbow?
The annular ligament is weaker in children
Describe two features of hyaline/articular cartilage
Avascular
Aneural
What are the names of the two collateral ligaments of the elbow complex?
Medical collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
What do the collateral ligaments attach to?
The epicondyles
What can happen if the rotator cuff muscles are weak?
The humerus slide upwards with the movement of the deltoid
What commonly happens the subacromial bursa in certain sports?
Bursitis
What aspect/side of the ulnar is the coronoid process on?
Anterior
What happens to hyaline cartilage with age?
It breaks down and is replaced by bone
What is the scapulo-thoracic joint?
A pseudo-joint between the scapulae and chest wall
What do all hinge joint have?
Collateral ligaments
Why is the a fold in the glenohumeral capsule?
Increase range of motion
Which rotator cuff muscle lie anterior to the joint?
Subscapularis
What does the synovial membrane do?
Lines all non-articular surfaces within the capsule
What is located in the olecranon fossa?
Olecranon bursae - fat pads to facilitate movement
Which radioulnar joint has a triangular fibrocartilage complex (disc)?
The distal one
What are bursae?
Sacks of synovial fluid
What is the purpose of having an attachment between the LCL and annular ligament?
Allows pronation and supination of forearm
What makes the acromioclavicular joint vunerable to dislocation?
It is in the sagittal plane
How can you test if the axillary nerve has been damaged in a dislocation?
Prick the skin innervated by that nerve
What joins the shaft of the ulnar and radius?
Interosseous membrane
What is a labrum?
Fibrous socket that increases the depth of a joint
Which side of the humerus does the head of the radius articulate?
Lateral
What is cubitus vulgus?
Abnormal abduction of forearm when in extension
How does the clavicle afffect the glenohumeral joint?
Increase the range of motion
What is the name of the feature of the ulnar that forms the point of the elbow?
Olecranon
What does the coracoclavicular joint connect?
Coronoid tubercle of the clavicle to the coronoid process of the scapulae
What does congruent mean in terms of joints?
There is a relatively high amount of surface articulating
When does subluxation of the sternoclavicular joint occur?
Rarely, mainly associated with trauma
Describe two features of the glenohumeral joint
Incongruenous - large head of humerus into shallow gleno fossa
Loose capsule on the medial surface - enables movement
What are the names of the joints of the clavicle?
Stenoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
What is the function of fat pad within a joint?
Spread synovial fluid
What stabilises the acromioclavicular joint?
Coracoclavicular ligament
What can attach to a labrum?
Muscle
What type of dislocation is associated with a fracture of the coronoid process?
Posterior
In what position is the elbow joint most secure?
Full extension
What is the difference between an epiphysis and fracture on a x-ray?
Fracture are jagged, epiphyses are straight