Muscles of the Torso Flashcards
interspinalis
origin: Spinous process of each vertebra
insertion: Spinous process of superior vertebra
action: Trunk extension
spinals group (cervicis Thoracis)
origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7 -upper lumbar
insertion: Spinous process of superior vertebra
action: Trunk extension
Illiocostalis group
cervicis, thoracic, lumborum
origin: Ribs, iliac & sacral crests, spinous processes of lumbar
insertion: Cervical & thoracic vertebra & ribs
action: Trunk extension
longissimus group ( crevices, thoracis, lumborum)
origin: Transverse processes of cervical, thoracic & upper lumbar vertebra
insertion: Mastoid process & transverse processes of superior vertebra & inferior surface of ribs
action: Trunk extension/ lateral flexion
semispinalis thoracis
origin: Transverse processes of T6-T10
insertion: Spinous processes of C5-T4
action: Trunk extension / rotation
Multifidus
origin: Sacrum & transverse processes of each vertebra
insertion: Spinous process of superior vertebra
action: Trunk extension/ rotation
Rotatores
origin: Transverse processes of each vertebra
insertion: Spinous processes of adjacent superior vertebra
action: Trunk extension/ rotation
intertransversarli
origin: transverse processes of each vertebra
insertion: transverse processes of superior vertebra
action: trunk lateral flexion
Quadratus Lumborum
origin: iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
insertion: last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebra
action: trunk lateral flexion
what is the key to stabilize core?
multifidus
Rectus Abdominis
origin: pubic crest and symphasis
insertion: cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
action: trunk flexion, abdominal compression
external oblique
origin: ribs 5-12
insertion: iliac Crest and line alba
action: abdominal compression, lateral trunk flexion
internal oblique
origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: cartilages of ribs 7-10 and lined alba
action: abdominal compression, lateral trunk flexion
transverse abdominis
origin: iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilages of ribs 510
insertion: diploid process, line alba and pubis
action: abdominal compression
Diaphragm
origin: Xiphoid process, ribs 1-6, lumbar vertebra & intervertebral discs
insertion: central tendon
action: contraction causes diaphragm to flatten; relaxation causes diaphragm to dome
external intercostals
origin: Inferior border of rib above
insertion: Superior border of rib below
action: elevates ribs
internal intercostals
origin: Superior border of rib below
insertion: Inferior border of rib above
action: Compresses rib cage
rectus abdominis
assists with forceful breathing
platysma
origin: Superior thorax between 2nd rib & acromion process
insertion: Mandible & skin of cheek
action: Elevates ribs during forceful breathing
inhale
thoracic cage elevates
exhale
thoracic cage compresses
diaphragm
domed muscle that separates
what controls the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
External intercostals
origin: inferior border of rib above
insertion: Superior border of rib below
action: elevates ribs
diaphragm
origin: Xiphoid process, ribs 1-6, lumbar vertebra & intervertebral discs
insertion: Central tendon
action: Contraction causes diaphragm to flatten; relaxation causes diaphragm to dome
internal intercostals
origin: Superior border of rib below
insertion: Inferior border of rib above
action: Compresses rib cage
rectus abdominis:
assist with forceful breathing
platysma
origin: Superior thorax between 2nd rib & acromion process
insertion: Mandible & skin of cheek
action: Elevates ribs during forceful breathing
sphincter
controls an opening
what exercises help to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor?
kegal exercises
Superficial transverse perineal
supports the pelvic floor
deep transverse perineal
supports the pelvic floor
iliococcygeus
supports the pelvic floor
pubococcygeus
supports the pelvic floor
external urethra sphincter
closes urethra
external anal sphincter
closes anal opening
lower extremity muscles
- muscles that move the femur
- muscles that move the lower leg
- muscles that move the foot
- muscles that move the toes
muscles that move the hip joint
bones: acetabulum of the pelvis, head of the femur
movements: abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation
internal
pigeon towing
external
duck foot
Femoral triangle
Sartorius provide one boarder, adductor provides inferior border and the inguinal ligament forms a border
Iliopsoas (iliacus + psoas major)
origin: Iliac fossa, sacrum, lumbar vertebra
insertion: lesser trochanter
action: Hip flexion & external rotation
(anterior)
Rectus Femoris (biarticullar – crosses two joints)
origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
insertion: Quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament to tibial tubercle
action: Hip flexion
(anterior)
Sartorius
longest muscle in your body, known as the taylor’s muscle
origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: Medial surface of tibia
action: Hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
Biceps Femoris
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: head of the fibula
action: hip extension
semimembranosus
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: posterior medial tibial condyle
action: hip extension
semitendinosus
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial surface of tibia
action: hip extension
Gluteus Maximus
origin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
insertion: gluteal tuberosity (posterior femur)
action: hip extension
adductor longus
origin: pubic crest & symphasis
insertion: linea aspera of femur
action: hip adduction
adductor brevis
origin: Inferior ramus of pubis
insertion: Superior femur
action: hip adduction
Adductor magnus
origin: Inferior ramus of pubis & ischial tuberosity
insertion: Medial femur & adductor tubercle
action: hip adduction
Gracilis
origin: pubis
insertion: medial surface of tibia
action: hip adduction, internal rotation
pectineus
origin: superior ramps of pubis
insertion: superior femur
action: hip adduction
gluteus medius
origin: ilium
insertion: greater trochanter
action: hip adduction
gluteus minimus:
origin: ilium
insertion: greater trochanter
action: hip adduction
tensor fascia lata
origin: iliac crest
insertion: illiotibial tract to tibia
action: hip adduction
piriformis
origin: anterior sacrum
insertion: greater trochanter
action: hip adduction
groin muscles
Adductor longus, Adductor brevis, Adductor magnus, Gracillis, Pectineus
movements of the knee joint
flexion and extension
rectus femoris
origin:
insertion:
action: knee extension
vastus medialis
origin: medial femur
insertion: Quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
action: knee extension
vastus lateralis
origin: lateral femur and greater trochanter
insertion: Quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
action: knee extension
vastus intermedius
origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
insertion: Quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
action: knee extension
biceps femoris
action: knee flexion
semimembranosus
action: knee flexion
semtendinosus
action: knee flexion
vastus
huge/ large
intermedius
deep
knee joint
it is backwards
Pes anserinus
Sartorius muscle, Gracilis Tendon and the Semitendinsous tendon all have a common insertion and are known as the pos anserinus
talocrural joint
(ankle)
bones: tibia, fibula and talus
movements: plantarflexion, dorsiflexion
subtler joint
bones: talus, calcaneus
movements: inversion, eversion
toes
bones: phalanges
movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
in leg the anterior
perform dorsiflexion, and toe extension, inversion
in the leg the lateral
perform eversion, plantar flexion
in the leg the posterior
perform plantar flexion, toe flexion, inversion
Gastrocnemius
2 heads
origin: Lateral & medial femoral condyles (posterior)
insertion: Achilles tendon to calcaneus
action: talocrural plantar flexion, knee flexion
soleus
origin: Head of fibula, medial border of tibia
insertion: Achilles tendon to calcaneus
action: talocrural plantar flexion,
plantaris
origin: lateral epicondyle of femur
insertion: achilles tendon to calcaneus
action: talocrucal plantar flexion, knee flexion
tibialis posterior
origin: Proximal, tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane
insertion: 2nd-4th metatarsals, navicular, cuneiforms
action: talocrucal plantar flexion, subtalar inversion
flexor digitorum longus
origin: middle of posterior tibia
insertion: distal phalanges of toes 2-5
action: talocrucal plantar flexion, flexion toes 2-5
flexor hallicus longus
origin: inferior posterior portion of fibula
insertion: great toe
action: great toe flexion
big toe is the only one who does not perform….
plantar flexion
Tibialis anterior
origin: Lateral condyle, body of tibia & interosseus membrane
insertion: 1st metatarsal & cuneiform
action: Talocrural, dorsiflexion, subtalar inversion
extensor hallucis
origin: anterior middle surface of fibula
insertion: great toe
action: Talocrural, dorsiflexion, great toe extension
Extensor digitorum longus
origin: Lateral tibial condyle, fibula, & interosseus membrane
insertion: Phalanges of toes 2-5
action: Talocrural, dorsiflexion, extension of toes 2-5
peroneus tertius
Origin: anterior distal fibula
insertion: base of 5th metatarsals
action: Talocrural, dorsiflexion, subtler eversion
peroneus longus
origin: lateral distal fibula
insertion: 1st metatarsal and cuneiform
action: Talocrural, plantar flexion, subtler eversion
peroneus brevis
origin: lateral distal fibula
insertion: base of 5th metatarsals
action: subtler eversion
what is the longest muscle in your body?
the sartorius
hamstrings
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
sciatic nerve
sensory and motor function to the posterior lower extremities. Size of pinky
