Muscles of the Head, Neck and Upper Extremities Flashcards
carpi
wrist
capitis
head
oculo
eye
halucis
big toe
pollicus
thumb
ulnaris
ulnar side of forearm
radialis
radial side of forearm
fascicle arrangement
way fascicles are fromed
oblique
run on an angle
occipitofrontalis
raise eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, look of surprise
orbicularis oris
pucker lips , shapes lips during speech
zygomaticus major
smiling
buccinator
whistling, puff cheeks, assist in chewing
risorius
grimacing, pull sides of mouth out
mentalis
pouting
platysma
pouting, depresses the mandible
- most superficial muscle.
- only fascial muscle that actually moves a joint
oribicularis oculi
closes the eye
corrugator supercilli
wrinkles forehead; frowning
inferior rectus
eye look down
medial rectus
eye looks medially
superior rectus
eye looks up
lateral rectus
eye looks laterally
inferior oblique
eye rolls, looks up and laterally
superior oblique
eye rolls, looks down and medially
mastication
chewing
how does the mandible move?
anteriorly, superiorly and laterally
deglutition
swallowing
muscles that move the tongue and assist in mastication and speech
- genioglossus
- styloglossus
- hypoglossus
- palatoglossus
muscles of the anterior neck that assist in deglutition and speech
- digatric
- stylohyoid
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- omohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrhoid
sternocleidomastoid
origin: sternum and clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
action: lateral flexion to same side; rotation to opposite side; assist with extension
semispinalis capitis
Origin: Articular processes of C4-6 & transverse processes of C7-T7
Insertion: Occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal lines.
Action: Extension; rotation to opposite side; lateral cervical flexion
Splenius capitis
Origin: Ligamentum nuchea spinous processes of C7-T1
Insertion: Occipital bone & mastoid process
Action: Extension; rotation to the opposite side
(most superficial)
Longissimus capitis
Origin: Articular process of T1-T4
Insertion: Mastoid Process
Action: Extension; lateral flexion & rotation to same side
(longest)
What muscles move the shoulder girldle?
subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, levator scapula, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, trapezius
Subclavius
origin: 1st rib
insertion: clavicle
action: stabilizes clavicle during shoulder activity
Pectoralis minor
origin: outer surface of ribs 3-5
insertion: coracoid process of scapula
action: pulls pectoral girdle forward and downward
serratus anterior
origin: upper 8 ribs
insertion: vertebra border of inferior angle of scapula
action: abducts (protracts) the scapula
Levator Scapula
origin: Transvers processes of C1-4
insertion: Superior angle of the scapula
action: elevates the scapula
Rhomboid minor
origin: spinous processes of C7-T1
insertion: vertebral border of the scapular at the level of the spine
action: adducts the scapula
Rhomboid major
origin: spinous processes of T2-T5
insertion: Vertebral border of the scapula below the spine
action: Adducts the scapula
Trapezius
origin: Superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, & spines of C7-T12
insertion: Clavicle, acromion, & spine of the scapula
action: Elevates, adducts, & depresses the scapula
glenohumeral
Humorous moving on your glenoid cavity
Flexors
anterior orientation
Extensors
posterior orientation
Abductors
lateral orientation
Adductors
medial orientation
internal
anterior orientation
external
posterior orientation
brachium
upper arm
teres
long and rounded
Pectoralis major
origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
insertion: greater tubercle & bicipital (intertubercular) groove
action: Adducts, internally rotates, & flexes the shoulder
Deltoid
origin: clavicle, acromion, & spine of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity
action: flexes, abducts, & extends the shoulder
Teres major
origin: inferior angle of scapula
insertion: bicipital groove
action: Adducts, internally rotates, & extends the shoulder
Latisimus dorsi
origin: Spinous processes of T7-L5, iliac & sacral crests,ribs 8-12, & thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: Greater tubercle & bicipital (intertubercular) groove
action: Adducts, internally rotates, & extends the shoulder
Coracobrachialis
origin: coracoid process
insertion: Medial margin of humeral shaft
action: Flexes the shoulder
rotator cuff
subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
Subscapularis
origin: Subscapular fossa
insertion: Lesser tubercle the of humerus
action: Internal rotation of shoulder
Supraspinatus
origin: Supraspinous fossa
insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
action: External rotation, assists with abduction.
Infraspinatus
origin: infraspinous fossa
insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
action: External rotation
Teres minor
origin: Inferior lateral border of the scapula
insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
action: External rotation
Movements of the glenohumeral joint: Flexion
Flexion: pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, deltoid
Movements of the glenohumeral joint: Extension
Extension: teres major, latissimus dorsi, deltiod
Movements of the glenohumeral joint: Adduction
Adduction: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major
Movements of the glenohumeral joint: Abduction
Abduction: deltoid, suprasinatus
Movements of the glenohumeral joint: internal rotation
Internal rotation: pectoralis major, teres major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis
Movements of the glenohumeral joint: External Rotation
External rotation: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
Forearm
Only performs flexion and extension
Biceps Brachii
origin: supraglenoid tubercle & coracoid process
insertion: Radial tuberosity
action: Flexion, secondary shoulder flexor
Brachialis
origin: Distal, anterior surface of the humerus
insertion: Ulnar tuberosity & coronoid process
action: flexion
Brachiordialis
origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: Superior to radial styloid process
action: flexion
Triceps Brachii
origin: inraglenoid tubercle, posterior, lateral and medal surfaces of the humerus
insertion: olecranon process
action: extension, secondary shoulder extensor
anconeus
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: olecranon process and superior shaft of ulna
action: extension
secondary
Secondary: always a synergist, it works in flexion and extension but will never do the movement by itself
where does forearm movement happen?
Forearm movement happens between the radius and the ulna
Pronator teres
origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process.
insertion: mid lateral surface of radius
action: pronation
Pronator quadratus
origin: distal shaft of ulna
insertion: distal shaft of radius
action: pronation
Supinator
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radius
action: supination
deep muscles
can not palpate them
Flexor carpi radialis
origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
action: Wrist flexion, radial deviation
Palmaris longus
origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: Palmar aponeurosis
action: Wrist flexion
Flexor carpi ulnaris
origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: Pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
action: Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation
Extensor carpi radialis longus
origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: 2nd metacarpal
action: Wrist extension, radial deviation
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: 3rd metacarpal
action: Wrist extension, radial deviation
Extensor carpi ulnaris
origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
insertion: 5th metacarpal
action: Wrist extension, ulnar deviation
3 joints of the shoulder girdle
glenohumeral joint, acromioclavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint
bones of the shoulder girdle
scapula, clavicle, humerus
