Muscles Of The Thigh And Gluteal Region Flashcards
Psoas major
Anterior compartment
Origin: posterior abdominal wall (lumbar vertebrae)
Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur
Innervation: anterior rami L1 L2 L3
Function: flexes the thigh at the hip joint
Iliacus
Anterior compartment
Origin: posterior abdominal wall (iliac fossa)
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: femoral nerve L2 L3
Function: flexes thigh at hip joint
Vastus medialis
Anterior compartment
Origin: femur- medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of the Linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella
Innervation: femoral nerve L2 L3 L4
Function: extends the leg at the knee joint
Vastus intermedius
Anterior compartment
Origin: femur- upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces
Insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon, lateral margin of Patella and lateral condyle of tibia
Innervation: femoral nerve L2 L3 L4
Function: extends the leg at knee joint
Vastus lateralis
Anterior compartment
Origin: femur- lateral part of intertrochanteric line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera
Insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella
Innervation: femoral nerve L2 L3 L4
Function: extends the leg at knee joint
Rectus femoris
Anterior compartment
Origin: straight head originates from AIIS, reflect head originates from the ilium superior to acetabulum
Insertion: quadriceps femoris tendon
Innervation: femoral nerve L2 L3 L4
Function: flexes the thigh at hip joint and extends the leg at knee joint
Sartorius
Anterior compartment
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity
Innervation: femoral nerve L2 L3
Function: flexes the thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint
Gracilis
Medial compartment
Origin: a line on the external surfaces of body of pubis, the inferior pubic ramus and ramus of ischium
Insertion: medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia
Innervation: obturator nerve L2 L3
Function: adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes the leg at knee
Pectineus
Medial compartment
Origin: pectineal line and adjacent bone of pelvis
Insertion: oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur
Innervation: femoral nerve L2 L3
Function: adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint
Adductor Longus
Medial compartment
Origin: external surface of body of pubis (triangular depression inferior to pubic crests and lateral to pubic symphysis)
Insertion: linea aspera on middle 1/3 of shaft of femur
Innervation: obturator nerve (anterior division) L2 L3 L4
Function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
Adductor brevis
Medial compartment
Origin: external surface of body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: posterior surface of proximal femur and upper one third of Linea aspera
Innervation: obturator nerve L2 L3
Function: adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint
Adductor Magnus
Medial compartment
Origin: adductor part- ischiopubic ramus, hamstring part- ischial tuberosity
Insertion: adductor- posterior surface of proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, hamstring- adductor tubercle and supracondylar line
Innervation: adductor- obturator nerve L2 L3 L4, hamstring- sciatic nerve (tibial division) L4
Function: adducts and medial rotates thigh at hip joint
Obturator externus
Medial compartment
Origin: external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
Insertion: trochanteric fossa
Innervation: obturator nerve (posterior division) L3 L4
Function: laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
Biceps femoris
Posterior compartment
Origin: long head- inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity. Short head- lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: head of fibula
Innervation: sciatic nerve L5, S1,S2
Function: flexes leg at knee joint, extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint, laterally rotates leg at knee joint
Semitendinosus
Posterior compartment
Origin: inferomedial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of proximal tibia
Innervation: sciatic nerve L5 S1 S2
Function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint
Semimembranosus
Posterior compartment
Origin: superolateral impression on ischial tuberosity
Insertion: groove and adjacent bone on medial and posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
Innervation: sciatic nerve L5 S1 S2
Function: flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee Joint
Piriformis
Origin: anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina
Insertion: medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: branches from S1 and S2
Function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Obturator internus
Origin: anterolateral wall of true pelvis; deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone
Insertion: medial side of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus L5 S1
Function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint, abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Gemellus superior
Origin: external surface of ischial spine
Insertion: along length of superior surface of the obturator internus tendon and into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus L5 S1
Function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint abducts the flexed femur at hip joint
Gemellus inferior
Origin: upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: along the length of the inferior surface of the obturator internus tendon and into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris L5 S1
Function: laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint and abducts flexed femur at hip joint
Quadratus femoris
Origin: lateral aspect of the ischium just anterior to the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the proximal femur
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris L5 S1
Function: laterally rotates femur at hip joint
Gluteus minimus
Origin: external surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Insertion: linear facet on the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve L4 L5 S1
Function: abducts the femur at hip joint, holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on opposite swing side during walking, medially rotates thigh
Gluteus medius
Origin: external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve L4 L5 S1
Function: abducts femur at hip joint holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on opposite swing side during walking, medially rotates thigh
Gluteus maximus
Origin: fascia covering gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve L5 S1 S2
Function: powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint, lateral stabiliser of hip joint and knee joint, laterally rotates and abducts thigh
Tensor fasciae latae
Origin: lateral aspect of crest of ilium between anterior superior iliac spine and tubercle of the crest
Insertion: iliotibial tract of fascia lata
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve L4 L5 S1
Function: stabilises the knee in extension
