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LEA > Muscles of the Leg > Flashcards

Muscles of the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

describe the skin of the leg

A

hair skin of intermediate thickness

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2
Q

describe the superficial fascia of the leg

A

thickness varies, absent at subcutaneous surfaces; contains superficial veins and cutaneous nerves

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3
Q

the deep fascia of the leg is continuous with

A

the deep fascia (fascia lata) of the thick and the deep fascia of the foot

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4
Q

what does the deep fascia of the leg completely surrounds — and fuses to

A

the muscles and fuses to the periosteum of the tibia and fibula at subcuatenous surfaces

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5
Q

what does the deep fascia form at the posterior aspect of the knee region

A

popliteal fascia

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6
Q

what does the deep surface of the deep fascia on the lateral aspect of the leg give rise to

A

an anterior and posterior fibular (peroneal) septa which separate the lateral compartment of the leg muscles from the anterior and posterior compartments

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7
Q

the posterior compartment of the deep fascia below the popliteal fossa (deep to the soleus muscle) is further divided into?

A

a deep and superficial compartment

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8
Q

what divides the posterior compartment into a deep and superficial compartment

A

the deep transverse fascia

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9
Q

all of the leg muscles are extrinsic leg muscles of the foot except for

A

popliteus

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10
Q

as a general rule, tendons passing anterior to the ankle joint are —- and tendons passing posterior are —

A

dorsiflexors

plantarflexors

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11
Q

the muscle of the leg are divided into how may compartments? what are they?

A

4 compartments

  • anterior
  • lateral
  • superficial posterior
  • deep posterior
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12
Q

what does the anterior compartment contain

A
  • TA
  • EHL
  • EDL
  • Fibular tertius
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13
Q

what does the lateral compartment contain

A

FL

FB

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14
Q

what does the superficial posterior compartment contain

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris muscles
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15
Q

what does the deep posterior compartment contain

A
  • popliteus
  • FDL
  • TP
  • FHL
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16
Q

what does the popliteus muscle and its overlying deep fascia form

A

part of the floor of the popliteal fossa

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17
Q

origin of TA

A

Lateral condyle and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the shaft of the tibia.
Adjacent interosseous membrane.
Deep surface of the deep fascia

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18
Q

Course of TA

A

Tendon courses in a synovial sheath beneath the most medial portion of the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae

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19
Q

insertion of TA

A

Medial and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal (first ray)

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20
Q

Action of TA

A

Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

Also adducts the foot slightly

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21
Q

course and insertion of the tendons of TA and TP form a — with the course and insertion of the tendon of FL

A

stirup

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22
Q

Origins of EHL

A

Middle one-half of the medial surface of the shaft of the fibula.
Adjacent interosseous membrane

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23
Q

Course of EHL

A

Tendon courses in a synovial sheath beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae

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24
Q

Insertion of EHL

A

Forms the extensor hood at the first MTP, and then inserts into the dorsum of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux

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25
Q

Action of EHL

A

Dorsiflexes the hallux at the interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints; and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

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26
Q

why is the relationship of the tendon of EHL to the anterior tibial artery important?

A

the EHL tendon crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the anterior tibial vessels and deep fibular nerve at the ankle

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27
Q

origin of EDL

A 
Lateral condyle of the tibia.
Head of the fibula and upper three-fourths of the medial surface of the shaft of the fibula. 
Adjacent interosseous membrane.
Anterior fibular (peroneal) septa.
Deep surface of the deep fascia
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28
Q

course of EDL

A

Tendon(s) courses in a synovial sheath (with the tendon of fibularis (peroneus) tertius) beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae.
It divides into four tendons, one for each of the lesser digits.

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29
Q

insertion of EDL

A

Each of the four tendons forms an extensor hood at the MTP and at the head of a proximal phalanx divides into three slips (trifurcation).
The central slip inserts into the dorsum of the base of a middle phalanx while the two collateral slips unite at the head of a middle phalanx and insert into the dorsum of the base of a distal phalanx

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30
Q

action of EDL

A

Dorsiflexes the lesser digits at the interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints; dorsiflexes the foot

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31
Q

what is another name for extensor hood

A

extensor sheath
extensor expansion
extensor retinaculum

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32
Q

the tendons of EDL and EHL expand at the level of

A

MTP to form an extensor hood

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33
Q

extensor hood expands from

A

the head of a MT to the distal aspect of the proximal phalanx

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34
Q

the proximal component of the hood is

A

the sling portion

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35
Q

describe the fibers of the sling portion

A

fibers encircle the capsule of the MTP and blend with the plantar plate, deep transverse MT ligament and the flexor sheaths

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36
Q

the distal component of the hood is the

A

wing portion

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37
Q

describe the fibers of the wing portion

A

fibers are arranged obliquely on the sides of the digit

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38
Q

what contributes to the extensor hood on the lesser digits

A

the tendons of the dorsal interossei; plantar interossei; lumbricals; and the first, second, and third tendons of EDB

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39
Q

what is the purpose of the extensor hood

A
  • helps maintain the central position of the EDL tendons and the tendon of EHL
  • aids in dorsiflexion of the proximal phalanx through the sling mechanism
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40
Q

origin of fibularis tertius

A 
Lower one-fourth of the medial surface of the shaft of the fibula.
Adjacent interosseous membrane.
Anterior fibular (peroneal) septa
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41
Q

course of fibularis tertius

A

Tendon courses in a synovial sheath (with the tendon(s) of EDL) beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae

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42
Q

insertion of fibularis tertius

A

Dorsum of the base of the fifth metatarsal

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43
Q

action of fibularis tertius

A

Dorsiflexes the foot; aids in eversion of the foot

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44
Q

fibularis tertius is often considered to be the — tendon of EDL

A

5th

may also be absent

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45
Q

origin of fibular longus

A 
Lateral condyle of the tibia.
Head and upper two thirds of the lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula.
Deep surface of the deep fascia.
Anterior fibular (peroneal) septa.
Posterior fibular (peroneal) septa
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46
Q

course of fibularis longus

A

The tendon courses through the lateral malleolar sulcus; then deep to the superior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum; then superficial to the calcaneofibular ligament; then inferior to the fibular trochlea being deep to the inferior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum;
then to the fibular (peroneal) notch; then through the fibular (peroneal) sulcus obliquely across the plantar surface of the foot in then third layer of plantar muscles.
Tendon courses in a synovial sheath along with the tendon of fibularis (peroneus) brevis beneath the superior and inferior fibular (peroneal) retinaculae; and in its own synovial sheath in the fibular (peroneal) sulcus

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47
Q

insertion of fibularis longus

A

Lateral and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal (first ray)

48
Q

action of fibularis longus

A

Pronation and plantarflexion of the foot.

It also acts to support the transverse arch of the foot

49
Q

the course and insertion of — and — form a stirrup with the course and insertion of —

A

TA
TP
FL

50
Q

an acessory sesamoind known as —- may be located in the tendon of PL near the lateral surface of the cuboid

A

os peroneum

51
Q

origin of FB

A 
Lower two thirds of the lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula.
Anterior fibular (peroneal) septa.
Posterior fibular (peroneal) septa
52
Q

course of FB

A

The tendon courses through the lateral malleolar sulcus (being anterior to the tendon of PL);
then deep to the superior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum;
then superficial to the calcaneofibular ligament;
then superior to the fibular trochlea being deep to the inferior fibular (peroneal) retinacula;
Tendon courses in a synovial sheath along with the tendon of fibularis (peroneus) longus beneath the superior and inferior peroneal retinaculae

53
Q

insertion of FB

A

Tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal

54
Q

action of FB

A

Pronation and plantarflexion of the foot

55
Q

the FB may avulse part of the — in an inversion injury

A

tuberosity of the base of the 5th MT

56
Q

origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius

A

Medial condyle of the femur and capsule of the knee joint

57
Q

origin of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius

A

Lateral condyle of the femur and capsule of the knee joint

58
Q

course of the gastrocnemius muscle

A

Muscle fibers attach to the anterior surface of a posterior aponeurosis of origin.
Aponeurosis of insertion is formed anteriorly which fuses with the aponeurosis of insertion of the soleus to form the tendo calcaneus

59
Q

insertion of the gastrocnemius

A

By tendo calcaneus into the middle one-third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus

60
Q

action of the gastrocnemius

A

Flexes the leg.

Plantarflexes the foot.

61
Q

a sesamoid bone known as the fabella is occasionally found where

A

in the lateral head of the gastroc

62
Q

a Haglund’s deformity is also known as

A

pump bump or supracalcaneal exostosis

63
Q

where is Haglund’s deformity located

A

the posterior superior surface of the calcaneus

64
Q

what causes Haglund’s deformity

A
  • shoe gear

- overpronation

65
Q

origin of the soleus muscle

A 
Posterior surface of the head of the fibula and upper one-third of the posterior surface of the shaft of the fibula.
Soleal line (popliteal line) and middle one-third of the medial border of the shaft of the tibia.
Posterior fibular (peroneal) septa.
66
Q

course of the soleus muscle

A

Muscle fibers attach to the posterior surface of a anterior aponeurosis of origin.
Aponeurosis of insertion is formed posteriorly which fuses with the aponeurosis of insertion of the gastrocnemius to form the tendo calcaneus

67
Q

insertion of the soleus muscle

A

By tendo calcaneus into the middle one-third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus

68
Q

action of the soleus muscle

A

Plantarflexes the foot

69
Q

there is a bursa between the tendo calcaneus and the calcaneus called

A

retrocalcanela or subtendinosus

70
Q

there is a bursa between the tendo calcaneus and the skin called

A

subcutaneous or adventitial

71
Q

origin of plantaris muscle

A

Lateral condyle of the femur

72
Q

course of the plantaris m.

A

Tendon courses obliquely between the gastrocnemius and soleus from lateral to the medial side of tendo calcaneus

73
Q

insertion of the plantaris m.

A

Medial side of the middle one-third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus (may insert into the medial surface of the calcaneus)

74
Q

action of the plantaris m.

A

Functions with the gastrocnemius.

Has a high density of proprioceptors and may act as a proprioceptor for larger plantarflexors

75
Q

the tendon of plantaris may be referred to as

A

Freshman’s nerve

76
Q

origin of popliteus in CKC

A

Posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia above the popliteal (soleal) line

77
Q

origin of popliteus in OKC

A

Popliteal groove on the lateral epicondyle of the femur

78
Q

insertion of popliteus in CKC

A

Popliteal groove on the lateral epicondyle of the femur

79
Q

insertion of popliteus in OCK

A

Posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia above the popliteal (soleal) line

80
Q

action of the poplitues in CKC

A

Unlocks (laterally rotates the femur out of the screw-home position) the knee joint at the beginning of flexion

81
Q

action of popliteus in OKC

A

Internally (medially) rotates the tibia

82
Q

the tendon of popliteus separates the lateral meniscus from

A

the fibular collateral lig

83
Q

origin of FHL

A

Lower two-thirds of the posterior surface of the shaft of the fibula lateral to the crista medialis.
Lower portion of the interosseous membrane.
Posterior fibular (peroneal) septa.
Deep surface of the deep transverse fascia.

84
Q

what leg muscle has the most inferior origin of all the leg muscles

A

FHL

85
Q

course of FHL

A

The tendon courses through the groove on the posterior surface of the distal extremity of the tibia;
then in a synovial sheath deep to the flexor retinaculum;
then between the two tubercles on the posterior surface of the body of the talus;
then inferior to the sustentaculum tali;
then distally on the plantar surface of the foot in the second layer of muscles where it gives rise to the Knot of Henry, then into a synovial sheath within the flexor sheath of the first toe

86
Q

insertion of FHL

A

Plantar aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux

87
Q

action of FHL

A

Plantarflexes the hallux at the IPJ and MTP.

Plantarflexes the foot

88
Q

origin of FDL

A

Posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia below the soleal line and medial to the vertical ridge.
Deep surface of the deep transverse fascia

89
Q

course of FDL

A

Tendon courses posterior (behind) to the tendon of tibialis posterior in the lower leg;
then through the medial malleolar sulcus;
then in a synovial sheath deep to the flexor retinaculum; then superficial to the deltoid ligament; then distally on the plantar surface of the foot in the second layer of plantar muscles superficial (inferior, or below) to the tendon of FHL from which it receives the Knot of Henry;
it is then joined by the quadratus plantae;
then divides into four tendons, one for each lesser digit; then into a synovial sheath within the flexor sheath of a lesser digit where each tendon courses through the split in their respective tendon of FDB

90
Q

insertino of FDL

A

Plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes

91
Q

action of FDL

A

Plantarflexes the lesser digits at the IPJ’s and MTP’s.

Plantarflexes the foot

92
Q

why if the tendon of FDL referred to as “B-B tendon”

A

because it courses behind (posterior) to the tibialis posterior in the leg and below (inferior) to the FHL tendon in the foot

93
Q

origin of TP

A

Posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia below the soleal line and lateral to the vertical ridge.
Upper two-thirds of the posterior surface of the shaft of the fibula medial to the crista medialis.
All but the distal aspect of the interosseous membrane.
Deep surface of the deep transverse fascia

94
Q

course of TP

A

Tendon courses deep to the tendon of FDL;
then in the medial malleolar sulcus;
then in a synovial sheath deep to the flexor retinaculum;
then superficial to the deltoid ligament;
then inferior to the spring ligament

95
Q

insertion of TP

A

Tendon divides into a main, recurrent, and plantar component:
Main: Tuberosity of the navicular and plantar surface of the first cuneiform.
Plantar: Second and third cuneiforms; cuboid; and the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bases.
Recurrent: Sustentaculum tali

96
Q

action of TP

A

Plantarflexion and supination of the foot

97
Q

function of anterior compartment leg muscles

A
  1. Dorsiflexion of the foot at toe off and the beginning of swing for toe clearance of the ground;
  2. To resist plantarflexion of the foot at heel strike to prevent foot slap; and
  3. To permit smooth loading of the forefoot.
98
Q

additional function of EHL

A

Provide extensor stability to the first MTP during early propulsion.

99
Q

additional function of EDL

A
  • Assist the lumbricales, interossei and FDL in developing extensor rigidity of the IPJ’s of the lesser digits during early propulsion (rigid beam effect)
  • Prevent excessive supination of the foot during swing.
100
Q

additional function of TP

A

Prevent excessive supination of the foot during swing.

101
Q

function of the lateral leg compartment

A

To assist in acceleration of ankle joint plantarflexion during propulsion

102
Q

additional function of FL

A
  • Stabilize the first ray during stance
  • Aids in the transfer of body weight from the lateral to the medial side of the foot and to the opposite foot during propulsion
103
Q

additional function of FB

A

Stabilize the lateral column during stance (Fifth metatarsal, cuboid and calcaneus).

104
Q

function of the posterior leg compartment

A

To assist in acceleration of ankle joint plantarflexion during propulsion

105
Q

additional function of gastrocnemius

A

Stabilize the knee and prevent hyperextension during stance

106
Q

additional function of soleus

A

Decelerate the forward momentum of the tibia during stance

107
Q

additional function of plantaris

A

beginning of flexion ( externally or laterally rotate the femur out of the screw home position

108
Q

additional function of FHL

A
  • Maintain stability of the hallux against the ground during propulsion
  • Assist in posterior stabilization of the distal phalanx against the proximal phalanx during propulsion.
109
Q

additional function of FDL

A

Assist the lumbricales, interossei and EDL in developing extensor rigidity of the IPJ’s of the lesser digits during propulsion (rigid beam effect)

110
Q

additional function of TP

A
  • Decelerate Subtalar joint pronation and internal leg rotation during contact
  • Aids in resupination in midstance.
111
Q

what are lateral and inferior boundaries of the diamond shaped fossa at the posterior aspect of the knee

A

lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris

112
Q

what are the medial and inferior boundaries of the diamond shaped fossa at the posterior aspect of the knee

A

medial head of the gastroc

113
Q

what are the lateral and superior boundaries of the diamond shaped fossa at the posterior aspect of the knee

A

biceps femoris

114
Q

what are the medial and superior boundaries of the diamond shaped fossa at the posterior aspect of the knee

A

semitendinosus and semimembranosus

115
Q

the floor of the popliteal fossa is composed of

A

Popliteal surface of femoral shaft.
Capsule of knee joint.
Upper posterior portion of proximal extremity of tibia.
Deep transverse fascia covering popliteus

116
Q

roof of the popliteal fossa is composed of

A

popliteal fascia

117
Q

contents of the popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal artery and vein and their genicular branches.
Tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves.
Popliteal lymph nodes.
Termination of the small saphenous vein.
Fatty tissue.

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