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LEA > Joints of the foot > Flashcards

Joints of the foot Flashcards

1
Q

Ankle joint is formed by ?

A
  1. Malleolar fork or ankle mortice 2. Talar dome
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2
Q

Malleoar fork or ankle mortice is formed by?

A
  1. lateral surface of medial malleolus 2.inferior surface of distal extemity of tibia 3. medial surface of lateral malleolus
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3
Q

What is talar dome?

A

medial, superior and lateral surface of the body of talus

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4
Q

Movement at ankle joint is primarily——–due to major angulation to ———plane

A

dorsiflexion, sagittal

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5
Q

which ones are stronger? lateral ankle joint or medial ankle joints

A

medial ankle joints

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6
Q

what kind of ligament is anterior talofibular ligament ?

A

capsular ligament

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7
Q

where does the anterior talofibular ligament attach to?

A

anterior border of lateral malleolus and lateral surface of the body of talus

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8
Q

what type of ligament is calcaneofibular lig?

A

extracapuslar

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9
Q

where does the calcaneofibular lig attach to?

A

anterior border of the apex of lateral malleolus and and to the fibular spine on the lateral surface of the calcaneous

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10
Q

calcaneofibular lig is crossed superficially by what structure?

A

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis tendons

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11
Q

what type of ligament is posterior talofibular ?

A

capsular

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12
Q

where dies the posterior talofibular attach to?

A

inferior portion of the malleolar fossa and to the lateral tubercle on the posterior surface of the talus.

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13
Q

what is the weakest lateral ankle ligament?

A

anterior talofibular lig

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14
Q

what is the strongest and most deeply situated ligament of lateral ankle ligaments?

A

posterior talofibular ligament

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15
Q

medial ankle ligamnets are what type of ligament?

A

All are capsular lig

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16
Q

what are the superficial deltoid lig?

A
  1. tibionavicular 2. calcaneotibial 3.posterior talotibial
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17
Q

where does the tibionavicular lig attach to?

A

anterior colliculus and dorsomedial aspect of navicular

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18
Q

where does the calcaneotibial lig attach to?

A

anterior colliculus and sustentaculum tali

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19
Q

where does the posterior talotibial lig attach to?

A

anterior colliculus and medial tubercle on the posterior surface of the body of talus

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20
Q

what are the deep deltoid lig?

A
  1. anterior talotibial 2. deep posterior talotibial
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21
Q

anterior talotibial lig

A

attaches to anterior colliculus and intercollicular groove on the medial surface of the body of talus below the pear-shaped articular facet

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22
Q

deep posterior talotibial lig

A

attaches to the posterior colliculus ,and to the intercollicular groove adn to the medial tubercle on the posterior surface of the body of talus

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23
Q

what is the weakest component of deltoid lig?

A

tibionavicular lig

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24
Q

ankle sprain

A

twisting of the weightbearing foot usually in the inverted and plantarflexed position.damage usually includes anterior talofibular lig and calcaneofibular lig ( lateral ankle lig) posterior talofibular is rarely damaged due to its horizontal nature .

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25
Q

ankle fracture

A

weight bearing with foot in supinated or pronated position with a twisting of the ankle

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26
Q

in anterior ankle arthroscopy you want to avoid?

A

anterior tibial vessles and deep fibular nerve

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27
Q

in posterior ankle artroscopy you want to avoid?

A

posteior tibial vessles and tibial nerve

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28
Q

what are the structures that are viewed from anterior portal?

A

medial gutter, medial bend, sagittal groove, lateral bend, lateral gutter

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29
Q

functional joint is determined by?

A

motion about a joint axis

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30
Q

anatomical joint is determined by?

A

joint capsule

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31
Q

Name 2 functional joints of the intertarsal joints?

A

subtalar and midtarsal. subtalar joint is between talus and calcaneous .

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32
Q

Name the angulations of the functional subtaral joint

A

42 from transverse plane
48 from frontal plane
16 from sagittal plane

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33
Q

what is the major motion at the subtalar joint?

A

supination/pronation moslt in in the frontal and transverse plane

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34
Q

in OKC of subtalar joint the pronation consist of?

A

Eversion, Abduction , Dorsiflexion (PEABD)

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35
Q

in OKC of subtaltar joint the supination consists of?

A

Plantarflexion, inversion, adduction ( SPIN ADD)

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36
Q

in true OKC supination and pronation of subtalar joint what bone is remained stationary?

A

Talus but the ankle is plantarflexed and dorsiflexed resulting in tlus to plantarflexed and dorsiflexed

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37
Q

CKC supination of subtalar joint

A
  • calcaneal inversion

- abduction and dorsiflexion of the talus-external rotaion of tibia

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38
Q

CKC pronation of subtalat joint consist of

A
  • calcaneal eversion
  • adduction and plantarflexion of the talus
  • internal rotaion of tibia
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39
Q

Functional midtarsal joint is AKA?

A

transverse tarsal joint, chopart’s joint, cyma line

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40
Q

Functional midtarsal joint is formed by?

A

calcaneocuboid, Talonavicular

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41
Q

what are the 2 axes of midtarsal joint that motion occurs about?

A

longitudinal midtarsal joint axis

oblique midtarsal joint axis

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42
Q

longitudinal axis

A

is angulated 75 from the frontal plane

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43
Q

oblique angle

A

is angulated 57 from sagittal plane and 52 from transverse plane.

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44
Q

what is the motion about the longitudinal axis?

A

frontal lane so inversion and eversion while supination and pronation occurs

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45
Q

what is the motion about the oblique axis?

A

primarily adduction/abduction and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion while supination and pronation to occur.

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46
Q

what is motion about transverse plane?

A

abduction/adduction

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47
Q

what is motion about frontal plane?

A

inversion/eversion

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48
Q

what is motion about sagittal plane?

A

dosrsiflexion/plantarflexion

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49
Q

Anatomically the subtalar joint is divided into and ——–and ———-synovial cavity.

A

anterior and posterior

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50
Q

the posterior subtalar articular cavity involves

A

the posterior articular areas of the calcaneous and talus

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51
Q

the anterior subtalar articulation involves

A

middle and anterior articular areas of calcaneous and talus

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52
Q

ligaments of the posterior subtalar joint?

A
  1. posterior talocalcaneal capsular lig
  2. Anterior talocalcaneal lig ( cervical)
  3. posterior talocalcaneal lig
  4. lateral talocalcaneal lig
  5. medial talocalcaneal lig
  6. Interosseous talocalcaneal lig
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53
Q

posterior talocalcaneal capsular lig is reinforces anteriorly by?

A

interosseous talocalcaneal lig

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54
Q

Anterior talocalcaneal lig ( cervical)

A

attached to lateral surface of the neck of the talus and sinus tarsi of the calcaneous

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55
Q

posterior talocalcaneal lig

A

attaches to the lateral tubercle on the posterior surface of the body of talus and superior surface of the` calcaneous

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56
Q

lateral talocalcaneal lig

A

attaches to the lateral process on the lateral surface of body of talus and lateral surface of the calcaneous

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57
Q

medial talocalcaneal lig

A

attached to the medial tubercle on the posterior surface of the body of talus and and the posterior aspect of sustentaculum tali

58
Q

Interosseous talocalcaneal lig

A

attaches to the sulcus tali and calcaneal sulcus..limiting factor in subtalar joint motion.

59
Q

name a ligament that occupies tarsal canal

A

Interosseous talocalcaneal lig

60
Q

talocalcaneonavicular joint anatomically includes

A
  1. anterior subtalar joint
  2. talonavucular joint
  3. atriculation between head of the talus and spring lig
61
Q

ligaments of talocalcaneonavicular joint?

A
  1. talocalcaneonavicular capsular lig
  2. dorsal talonavicular lig
  3. bifurcate lig
  4. spirng or plantar calcaneonavicular lig
62
Q

talocalcaneonavicular capsular lig

A

encloses the anterior subtalar joint, the talonavicular joint and the articulation of the head of talus and spring lig

63
Q

dorsal talonavicular lig

A

capsular ligamnet attaches to the dorsal surface of the neck of talus and dorsum of navicular

64
Q

bifurcate lig

A

attaches to sinus tarsi of the calcaneous and divides into 2 portions

  1. calcaneonavucular( medial): attaches to the dorsolateral aspect of navicular
  2. calcaneocuboid( lateral): attaches to the dorsomedial aspect of cuboid
65
Q

spirng or plantar calcaneonavicular lig

A

attaches to the anterior margin of sustentaculum tali and the plantar surface of navicular

66
Q

the soft tissue structures that occupy the sinus tarsi are collectively called?

A

Hoke’s tonsil

67
Q

The only ligamnet of the foot with elastic fibers

A

spring lig

68
Q

superior surface of he spring lig contains fibrocartilage for articulation with

A

head of talus

69
Q

support the head of talus between sustentaculum tali and plantar surface of navicular

A

spring lig

70
Q

spring lig forms a strong bond between

A

rear foot and midfoot

71
Q

ligaments of calcaneocuboid joint

A
  1. calcaneocuboid capsular lig
  2. dorsal calcaneocuboid lig
  3. bifurcate lig
  4. short plantar lig ( plantar calcaneocuboid)
  5. long plantar lig(long calcaneocuboid lig)
72
Q

encloses the articular surface of calcaneous and cuboid

A

calcaneocuboid capsular lig

73
Q

capsular lig attaches to sinus tarsi of the calcaneous and dorsum of cuboid

A

dorsal calcaneocuboid

74
Q

attaches to tuberce and transverse groove on the plantar surface of the calcaneous and plantar surface of the cuboid poseterior to fibular ridge

A

short plantar lig

75
Q

one of the longest ans strongest ligaments of the foot

A

long plantar ligament

76
Q

long plantar lig

A

attaches to the plantar surface of the calcaneous between tuberosity and tubercle and distally it divides into deep and superficial fibers

77
Q

deep fibers

A

attach to fibular ridge and tuberosity of the cuboid

78
Q

superficial fibers

A

attach to the base of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th metatarsals

79
Q

convert the fibular groove into a canal for passage of the tendons of Fibualaris longus

A

Superficial fibers of long plantar lig

80
Q

form a strong bond between rearfoot and midfoot

A
  1. spring lig
  2. short plantar lig
  3. long pantar lig
81
Q

ligaments of cuboidonavicular joint

A
  1. Dorsal cuboidonavicular lig
  2. interosseous cuboidonavicular lig
  3. Plantar cuboidonavicualr lig
82
Q

when a joint is present the interosseous lig——-in size.

A

Decrease

83
Q

How many cunonavicualr joints are there?

A

Three

84
Q

ligaments of cunonavicular ligaments?

A
  1. Dorsal cunonavicular lig

2. plantar cunonavicular lig

85
Q

how many intercuneiform joints?

A

two

86
Q

ligaments of intercuneiform joints?

A

dorsal, plantar , interosseous

87
Q

ligaments of cunocuboid joint?

A

dorsal, plantar, interosseous

88
Q

Tarsometatarsal joints

A

joints that are formed by the cuneiforms and cuboid articulating with the base of metatarsals .

89
Q

which of the tarsometatarsal joints have more motions?

A

the joint between the 1st cuneiform and first metatarsal base and the joint between cuboid and the 5th metatarsal base

90
Q

ligaments of tarsometatarsal joints?

A
  1. Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments (8)
  2. Interosseous tarsometatarsal ligaments (3)
  3. plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments (9)
91
Q

1st Interosseous tarsometatarsal ligament

A

attaches to the lateral surface of the 1st cuneiform and medial surface of the 2nd base. (Lisfranc’s ligament)

92
Q

2nd Interosseous tarsometatarsal ligament

A

attaches to the medial surface of the 3rd cuneiform and lateral surface of 2nd metatarsal base

93
Q

3rd Interosseous tarsometatarsal ligament

A

attaches to the lateral surface of 3rd cuneiform and medial surface of 4th metatarsal base (some fibers to the lateral surface of 3rd metatarsal base)

94
Q

plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments

A

There is one ligamnet for rach of the 8 tarso metatarsal articulation plus one from the 1st cuneiform to the 3rd metatarsal base

95
Q

intermetatarsal joint ligaments

A
  1. Dorsal intermetatarsal lig
  2. Plantar intermetatarsal lig
  3. interosseous intermetatarsal lig
96
Q

heads of the metatarsals are interconnected at the plantar plate by?

A

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

97
Q

the deep transverse metatarsal ligament in the 1st inter space is divided into

A

1.dorsal
2. plantar
which surround the conjointed tendon of adductor hallucis

98
Q

superficial transverse metatarsal lig

A

band of tissue that interconnects superficial slips of the central portion of plantar aponeurosis and helps maintain the position of fat pad at the level of MTPs.

99
Q

what motions are possible on lesser metatarsophalangeal joint?

A

dorsiflexion, plantarflexion about a transverse axis and anduction/adduction about vertical axis

100
Q

ligaments of MTP joints

A
  1. metatarsopalangeal capsular lig
  2. metatarsophalangeal plantar plate
  3. collateral metatrsophalangeal (2)
  4. metatarsophalangeal suspensory or metatarsoglenoid (2)
101
Q

metatarsopalangeal capsular lig

A

attaches to the anatomical neck of metatarsals and the edges of the base of proximal phalanx . it has a loose attachment to the metatarsal heads and allow dorsiflexion and plantarflexio

102
Q

metatarsophalangeal plantar plate

A

capsular ligaments that is actually a fibrocartilaginous thickenning of the plantar portion of the capsule .It attaches loosely to the metatarsal head and firlmly to the base of the proximal phalanx. The firm attachment to the base of the proximal phalanx allows the plantar plate to stay in contact with the ground as the metatarsal head undergoes movement.

103
Q

collateral metatrsophalangeal (2)

A

cord like capsular ligaments that attach to tubercles on either side of the head of the metatarsal and the tubercles on the base of proximal phalanx.

104
Q

metatarsophalangeal suspensory or metatarsoglenoid (2)

A

triangular shaped capsular ligaments that attach to the tubercles on either side of the head of the metatarsal and the sides of the plantar plate.

105
Q

the plantar plate is ———on its dorsal surface for articulation with the head of metatarsal and ———–on its plantar surface for tendons of _______and_________

A

smooth
grooved
FDL and FDB

106
Q

sesamoids are embedded in

A

plantar plate

107
Q

sesamoid apparatus is formed by

A
  1. tendon of flexor hallucis brevis
  2. tendon of abductor hallucis
  3. conjoined tendon of adductor hallucis
  4. sesamoids
  5. plantar plate ( which includes sasamoid ligaments)
108
Q

what kind of motion is possible at the IPJ ?

A

dorsiflexion/plantarflexion about a transverse axis

109
Q

major ligaments of IPJ

A
  1. interphalangeal capsular lig
  2. interphalangeal plantar plate
  3. collateral interpahalneagl lig
110
Q

hw many synovial cavities are there in the foot?

A

9 interphalangeal
5 metatrsophalangeal
6 withing the intettarsal, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal articulations

111
Q

how many synocial cavities in the forefoot

A

14

112
Q

synovial cavities of the foot?

A
  1. posterior subtalar synocial cavity
  2. calcaneocuboid synovial cavity
  3. talocalcaneonavicular synovial cavity
  4. Greater lateral synovial cavity
  5. lateral tarsometatarsal synovial cavity
  6. medial tarsometatarsal synovial cavity
113
Q

Medial tarso metatarsal

A

between the first cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal

114
Q

greater tarsal synpvial cavity

A
  1. cuboidonavicular
  2. cunonavicular
  3. intercuneiform
  4. cuneocuboid
  5. intermediate tarsometatarsal ( articulation between the cuneiforms and the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bases
  6. intermetatarsal ( articulation between the bases of second and third metatarsals and the bases of the third and forth metatarsals
115
Q

strength and resiliency is imparted to the foot in the form of

A

arches

116
Q

arches are formed by——and maintained by——

A

bones, ligaments and muscles

117
Q

what is the posterior base of the longitudinal arch?

A

tuberosity of the calcaneous

118
Q

what is the anterior base of the longitudinal arch?

A

metatarsal heads and sesamoids

119
Q

body of longitudinal arch is formed by?

A

metatrsal and tarsal bones with the talus being the keystone

120
Q

lateral part of the longitudinal arch

A

rigid and flatter and composed of calcaneous and cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsal and their phalanges

121
Q

medial part of the longitudinal arch

A

more flexible and arched. composed of calcaneous, talus ,navicular, cuneiforms and medial 3 metatarsals and their phalanges.

122
Q

ligaments of the longitudinal arch of the foot

A
  1. spring lig (medial side of the arch)
  2. short plantar lig ( lateral)
  3. long plantar lig ( lateral)
  4. central portion of plantar aponeurosis ( both side)
123
Q

Muscular support of the longitudinal arch

A
  1. Tibialis posterior ( medial side of the arch)
  2. FHL(medial side of the arch)
  3. FDL (medial and lateral side of the arch)
    Tom, Dick, Harry
124
Q

transverse arch of the foot

A

formed by cuboid, cuneiforms and the bases of the metatarsals

125
Q

The highest point of the transverse arch

A

second cuneiform and the base of second metatarsal.

126
Q

ligaments of the transverse arch of the foot?

A

interosseous intercuneiform
cuneocuboid
tarsometatarsal
intermetatarsal ligaments

127
Q

intrinsic muscular support of the transverse arch of the foot

A

ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS

128
Q

Muscular support of the transverse arch of the foot

A

Fibularis longus

tibialis posterior

129
Q

arches in babies is masked by

A

Fats

130
Q

pes planus

A

flat foot

131
Q

pes cavus

A

high arched

132
Q

first ray is formed by

A

first cuneiform and first metatarsal and their associated joints ( cunonavicular and tarsometatarsal)

133
Q

As the 1st ray dorsiflex

A

it inverts

134
Q

As the 1st ray plantarflexes

A

it everts

135
Q

normal first ray function depends on

A

normal MTP function of the hallux

136
Q

2nd ray is formed by

A

2nd cuneiform and 2nd metatarsal

137
Q

4th ray is formed by

A

4th metattarsal

138
Q

2nd, 3rd and 4th rays exhibit what kind of motion?

A

sagittal plane motion about a transverse axis of motion

139
Q

5th ray is formed by

A

5th metatarsal

140
Q

movemnet at the 5th ray occurs in the direction of

A

supination and pronation about a triplane axis that courses in the same direction as the subtalar joint axis.

LEA (10 decks)

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