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LEA > Joints of the Leg > Flashcards

Joints of the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

synovial joint fo the tibiofibular joint is formed by

A

head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia

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2
Q

tibiofibular joint of the leg has — motion

A

limited

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3
Q

tibiofibular joint is covered by the tendon of

A

popliteus

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4
Q

tibiofibular joint ligaments are

A
  • tibiofibular capsular ligament (articular capsule)
  • anterior ligament
  • posterior ligament
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5
Q

interosseous membrane of the leg attaches to

A

-the lateral (interosseous) border of the shaft of the tibia and the interosseous border of the fibula

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6
Q

interosseous membrane of the leg serves as origin for

A

some of the leg muscles and separates the anterior compartment of the leg from the deep posterior compartment

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7
Q

interosseous membrane of the leg has an aperture proximally for the

A

anterior tibial vessels and distally for the perforating vessels

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8
Q

what nerves course through the interosseous membrane

A

NO NERVES COURSE THROUGH THE INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

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9
Q

tibiofibular syndesmosis is formed by

A

the fibular notch on the distal extremity of the tibia and the distal aspect of the shaft of the fibula

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10
Q

ligaments of the tibiofibular syndesmosis are

A
  • anterior tibiofibular ligament
  • posterior tibiofibular ligament
  • interosseous tibiofibular ligaments
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11
Q

interosseous tibiofibular ligament attaches to

A
  • the upper portion of the fibular notch and the shaft of the fibula
  • continuos with the interosseous membrane superiorly
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12
Q

inferior transverse ligament attaches to

A

-the superior aspect of the malleolar fossa and the posterior surface of the distal extremity of the tibia

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13
Q

inferior transverse ligament contains

A

fibrocartilage where it comes into contact with the trochlea

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14
Q

what kind of joint is the knee joint

A

complicated hinge type of synovial joint

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15
Q

most hinge joints allow only what type of motion

A

flexion and extension but there is slight medial and lateral rotation in the knee joint (biaxial joint)

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16
Q

from the anatomical position there is – to – degree of flexion and – to – of hyperextension

A

130-150

5-10

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17
Q

the knee joint is anatomically formed by the

A

distal extremity of the femur articulating with the proximal extremity of the tibia, and the patella articulating with distal extremity of the femur

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18
Q

functionally what kind of joint is the knee

A

bicondylar joint btwn the condyles of the femur and tibia

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19
Q

what is the purpose of the menisci

A
  • distribute the force of the femur over the condyles of the tibia
  • increase the concavity of the tibial condyles but there is still a poor fit for the femoral condyles
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20
Q

the strength of the knee joint is derived from

A

ligaments and muscles that cross the joint

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21
Q

describe the “Screw Home Mechanism”

A

flexion and extension of the knee joint are accompanied by internal rotation of either the tibia (OKC) or the femur (CKC)

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22
Q

internal and external rotation is due to

A
  • geometry of the articular surfaces
  • ligamentous arrangement
  • popliteus muscle
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23
Q

in CKC with knee extension there is

A

internal femoral rotation

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24
Q

in CKC the internal rotation associated with the later stages of extension to put the knee joint in a position of

A

maximum joint congruency and the ligaments are taught

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25
Q

does the screw home mechanism require a lot of muscle activity

A

no

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26
Q

in CKC with knee flexion there is

A

external femoral rotation (popliteus muscle)

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27
Q

fibrous component of the knee joint capsule is called

A

genu capsular ligament

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28
Q

genu capsular ligament attaches to

A

the margins of the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles, tibial condyles, and patealla

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29
Q

anteriorly the genu capsular ligament are strengthened by

A

quadriceps tendons, ligamentum patellae, medial patellar retinacula and lateral patellar retinacula

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30
Q

medially genu capsular ligament attaches to

A

the medial meniscus and blends with the tibial collateral ligament

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31
Q

laterally the genu capsular ligament attaches to the

A

lateral meniscus in one area and is separated from the fibular collateral ligament by the tendon of popliteus in antoerh area

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32
Q

laterally the genu capsular ligament extends above

A

the tendinous attachment of the popliteus muscle to the lateral condyle of the femur makings its tendon of origin/insertion intracapsular

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33
Q

posteriorly the genu capsular ligament is strengthened by

A

the oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments

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34
Q

what is the purpose of the synovial membrane of the knee joint

A
  • lines most of the fibrous capsule

- projects around the cruciate ligaments such that they are intracapsular but extrasynovial

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35
Q

superiorly the synovial cavity and the synovial membrane are continuous with

A

the suprapatellar bursa

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36
Q

inferiorly the synovial cavity of the knee joint is separated from

A

the ligamentum patella by the infrapatellar fat

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37
Q

synovial membrane of the knee joint project from the sides of the

A

infrapatellar fat pad as the alar folds

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38
Q

the alar folds joint posteriorly to form

A

the infrapatellar synovial fold (ligamentum mucosum)

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39
Q

the infrapatellar synovial fold attaches to the

A

intercondylar eminence of the tibia and the intercondylar notch of the femur

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40
Q

what type of ligament is ligamentum patellae

A

capsular ligament

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41
Q

ligamentum patellae is a continuation of

A

the quadriceps femoris tendons

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42
Q

ligamentum patellae attaches proximally to

A

the apex of the patella and distally to the tibial tuberosity

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43
Q

what type of ligament is the medial patellar retinaculum

A

capsular ligament

44
Q

medial patellar retinaculum is an expansion of the tendon of

A

vastas medialis

45
Q

medial patellar retinaculum attaches to the

A

tubercle on the anterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia

46
Q

what type of ligament is the lateral patellar retinaculum

A

capsular ligament

47
Q

lateral patellar retinaculum is an expansion of the

A

tendon of vastus lateralis

48
Q

lateral patellar retinaculum attaches to

A

the tubercle on the anterior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle)

49
Q

what type of ligament is the oblique popliteal ligament

A

capsular ligament

50
Q

oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion from

A

the tendon of semimembranosus

51
Q

oblique popliteal ligament attaches distally to the

A

posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia

52
Q

oblique popliteal ligament attaches proximally to the

A

intercondylar line and posterior aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur

53
Q

oblique popliteal ligament forms part of the

A

floor of the popliteal fossa

54
Q

oblique popliteal ligament has numerous apertures for

A

vessels and nerves to the knee joint

55
Q

what type of ligament is the arcuate popliteal ligament

A

capsular ligament shaped like a Y

56
Q

the stem of the Y of the arcuate popliteal ligament attaches distally to

A

the styloid process on the head of the fibula

57
Q

stem of the arcuate ligament divides into

A
  • a posterior limbe that courses over the tendon of popliteus and attaches to the intercondylar line
  • an anterior limb that attaches to the lateral condyle of the femur
58
Q

what type of ligament is the tibial collateral lig

A

capsular

59
Q

tibial collateral ligament attaches proximally to the

A
  • the medial epicondyle of the femur, and distally to the medial condyle and medial surface of the shaft of the tibia
  • attaches to the medial meniscus
60
Q

what type of ligament is the fibuarl collateral lig

A

cord like extracapsular ligament

61
Q

fibular collateral ligament attaches proximally to

A

the lateral epicondyle of the femur

62
Q

fibular collateral ligament attaches distally to the

A

lateral side of the head of the fibula

63
Q

fibular collateral ligament is separated from the lateral meniscus by

A

the tendon of popliteus

64
Q

what type of ligament are the cruciate ligaments

A

very strong intracapsular ligaments

65
Q

are cruciate ligaments intrasynovial and extrasynovial

A

extransynovial, the synovial membrane projects around them

66
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL or external cruciate) attaches distally to

A

the anterior intercondylar fossa and the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus

67
Q

the anterior cruciate ligament courses

A

superiorly, posteriorly and laterally

68
Q

anterior cruciate ligament attaches proximally to

A

the medial surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

69
Q

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL or internal cruciate ligament) is — and — compared to the anterior cruciate ligament

A

stronger

shorter

70
Q

PCL attaches distally to

A

the posterior intercondylar fossa and the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus

71
Q

PCL attaches proximally to the lateral surface of

A

the medial condyle of the femur

72
Q

posterior meniscofemoral ligament is also known as

A

ligament of Wrisberg

73
Q

what type of ligament is posterior meniscofemoral ligament

A

intracapsular ligament by extrasynovial

74
Q

posterior meniscofemoral ligament attaches distally to the

A

posterior horn of the lateral meniscus

75
Q

posterior meniscofemoral ligament attaches proximally to the

A

lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur

76
Q

transverse genicular/intermeniscal ligament connects

A

the anterior convex borders of the medial and lateral mensici

77
Q

what type of ligament is the transverse genicular ligament

A

intracapsular and intrasynovial

78
Q

coronary ligaments are a portion of the

A

articular capsule (capsular ligaments) that connects the menisci to the tibial condyles

79
Q

what shape are menisci

A

crescent-shaped articular fibrocartilage

80
Q

what is the function of menisci

A

serve to help the fit of femoral condyles on the tibial condyles and to distribute the force of the femoral condyles over the tibial plateau

81
Q

are the peripheral borders of the menisci thick or thin

A

thick

82
Q

the peripheral border of the menisci attach to —- by —-

A

tibial condyles by coronary ligaments

83
Q

are the inner border of the menisci thick of thin

A

thin and free

84
Q

menisci cover —of each condyle

A

~2/3

85
Q

what type of ligament are menisci

A

intracapsular and intrasynovial

86
Q

what is the shape of the medial meniscus

A

semicircular in shape

87
Q

anterior horn of medial meniscus attaches to the

A

anterior intercondylar fossa in front of the anterior cruciate ligament

88
Q

posterior horn of the medial meniscus attaches to the

A

posterior intercondylar fossa btwn the attachments of the lateral meniscus and posterior cruciate lig

89
Q

medially the medial meniscus is attached to the

A

capsule and tibial collateral ligament

90
Q

what is the shape of the lateral meniscus

A

circular in shape

91
Q

anterior horn of the lateral meniscus attaches to

A

the anterior interoncdylar fossa lateral and posterior to the anterior cruciate ligament attachment

92
Q

posterior horn of the lateral meniscus attaches to

A

the posterior intercondylar fossa, anterior to the medial meniscus attachment

93
Q

laterally the lateral meniscus is attached to the capsule but separated from

A

the fibular collateral ligament

94
Q

one of the most common knee injuries is a blow to the

A

lateral side of the knee, or a twisting motion which disrupts the medial side

95
Q

structures affected on the medial side of the knee would be

A
  • medial aspect of the joint capsule and medial meniscus
  • tibial collateral ligament
  • anterior cruciate ligament
96
Q

injury to the medial aspect of the joint capsule and medial mensicus may result in

A
  • synovial fluid (water) on the knee and/or a torn medial meniscus (may be a bucket handle tear)
  • tapping the knee to remove fluid, and partial or complete meniscetomy
97
Q

injury to the tibial collateral ligament may result in

A
  • strained partially torn or completely torn
  • surgery may be required to repair or reconstruct the lig
  • test knee motion in the flexed position
98
Q

injury to the anterior cruciate ligament may result in

A
  • strained, partially torn or completely torn
  • anterior drawer sign (also positive Lachman Test) if anterior cruciate ligament involved
  • surgery may be required to repair or reconstruct the lig
99
Q

what is an “unhappy triad”

A

injury involved all 3:

  • medial aspect of the joint capsule and medial meniscus
  • tibial collateral lig
  • anterior cruciate lig
100
Q

genu varum

A

the distal end of the tibia is bent inward and the knee joint isbent outward (bowleg)

101
Q

genu valgum

A

distal end of the tibia is bent outward and the knee joint is bent inward (knock-knee)

102
Q

meniscal tears include

A
  1. peripheral tear
  2. bucket-handle tear
  3. longituinal or flap tear of the anterior horn
  4. radial tear of the posterior horn
103
Q

what are the purpose of bursae around the knee joint

A

-reduce the friction of tendons exerting their action lengthwise across the joint (parallel to the plane of motion)

104
Q

name the communicating bursa

A
  1. Suprapatellar bursa
  2. Popliteus bursa
  3. Gastrocnemius bursa
  4. Semimembranosus bursa
105
Q

name the separate bursae

A
  1. Prepatellar bursa
  2. Superficial infrapatellar bursa
  3. Deep infrapatellar bursa
  4. Anserine bursa
106
Q

what is popliteal or Baker’s cyst?

A

a fluid-filled herniation of the synovial membrane of the knee joint, or a distention of the gastrocnemius bursa (or semimembranosus bursa)

107
Q

what is prepatellar bursitis or housemaids knee?

A

inflammation of the prepatellar bursa

LEA (10 decks)

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