Muscles of the leg Flashcards
Gastrocnemius
Ori:
1.)Medial head:
Medial condyle of femur
2.)Lateral head:
Lateral condyle of femur
Ins:
1.) Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon
Fun: (2)
1.) Plantar flex. of foot (ankle J.)
2.) Flex. of leg (knee J.)
N: Tibial
(super. post. comp)
Solleus
Ori:
1.) Soleal line of tibia.
2.) Head of the fibula
3.) Proximal posterior surface of body of fibula
Ins:
1.) Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon
Fun: (1)
Plantar flexion of the foot (ankle J.)
N: Tibial
(super. post comp)
Plantaris
FUN FACT***
Ori:
1.) Lower part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of femur.
Ins:
1.)Calcaneus via calcaneal (Achilles)tendon
Fun: (2)
1.) Plantar flex. of foot (ankle J.)
2.) Flex. of leg (Knee J.)
N: Tibial
(super. post. comp.)
** Has a long tendon and can be removed and gratfed **
Flexor hallucis longus
Ori:
1.) Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Ins:
1.) Distal phalanx of big toe
Fun:
1.) Flex. of big toe @ MTP & IP joints.
2.) Plantar flexion of foot @ the ankle J.
3.) Inversion of foot @ the subtalar J.
N: tibial
(deep post. comp)
(CROSS: lat bone to medial)
Flexor digitorum longus
Ori:
1.) middle 1/3 of tibia
Ins:
2.) Base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Fun:
1.) Flex. of toes #2-5 @ MTP and PIP & DIP joints.
2.) Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.
3.) Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
N: Tibial
(deep post. comp.)
(CROSS: med. bone to lateral bones)
Tibialis posterior
Ori:
1.) Proximal of posterior surface of tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
Ins:
1.) 2nd & 3rd & 4th metatarsals
2.) Navicular
3.) All three cuneiforms
4.) Cuboid
5.) Calcaneus
(ALL TARSALS AND MTs except talus and 1st/5th metatarsals)
Fun:
1.) Plantar Flex. of foot @ ankle J.
2.) Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
N: tibial
(deep. post. comp)
(CROSS: between EDL and FHL connects to both tib and fib to center metatarsals)
Popliteus
Ori:
1.) Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
Ins:
1.) above the soleal line on the posterior
Fun:
1.) Flex. of leg @ the knee J.
2.) Med. Rot. of leg @ knee J. (to UNLOCK the extended knee)
N: tibial
(deep post. comp.)
POPLITEUS IS THE KEY TO UNLOCK THE KNEE
Tibialis anterior
Ori:
1.) lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia; and interosseous membrane.
Ins:
1.) 1st (medial) cuneiform
2.) Base of the 1st metatarsal
Fun:
1.) Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J. (prime mover of DF)
2.) Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
N: Deep fibular (peroneal)
Extensor hallucis longus
Ori:
middle 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane.
Ins:
Base of distal phalanx of big toe
Fun:
1.) Ext. of big toe @ MTP and IP joints
2.) Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J.
3.) Inversion of foot @ subtalar J.
N: Deep fibular (peroneal)
Extensor digitorum
Ori:
1.) lateral condyle of tibia
2.) Proximal 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula
interosseous membrane.
Ins:
1.) Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5 (Via dorsal digital expansion)
Fun:
1.) Ext. of toes # 2-5 @ MTP and IP joints
2.) Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J.
3.) Eversion of foot @ subtalar J.
N: Deep fibular (peroneal)
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Ori:
1.) Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
Ins:
1.) Base of the 5th metatarsal
Fun:
1.) Dorsiflexion of foot @ ankle J.
2.) Eversion of foot @ subtalar J.
N: Deep fibular (peroneal)
Fibularis (peroneus) longus
Ori:
1.) Head of fibula
2.) Proximal 1\2 of lateral surface of fibula.
Ins:
1.) Base of the 1st metatarsal
2.) 1st cuneiform
(Same as tibialis anterior)
Fun: (2)
1.) Eversion of foot @ subtalar J.
2.) Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.
N: superficial fibular (peroneal)
Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
Ori:
1.) Distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula
Ins:
1.) Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone
Fun: (2)
1.) Eversion of foot @ subtalar J.
2.) Plantar flexion of foot @ ankle J.
N: superficial fibular (peroneal)
What are the 3 compartments of the leg? Functions? Nerve?
Anterior- dorsi flexion, extension of toes, inversion and eversion (deep fibular nerve)
Lateral- eversion and plantar flexion (superficial fibular nerve)
posterior- plantar flexion, flexion of toes, plantar flexion and inversion (tibial nerve)
Anterior compartment muscles of leg? Vasculature? Nerve?
Extensors:
1.) tibialis anterior
2.) extensor digitorum longus
3.) extensor hallucis longus
4.) fibularis (peroneus) tertius
Ant. tibial artery and veins
deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Lateral compartment muscles of leg? Nerve?
1.) fibularis Longus muscle
2.) fibularis brevis muscle
superficial fibular nerve
Posterior compartment of leg?
Superficial:
1.) gastrocnemius
2.) soleus
3.) plantaris (tendon)
Tibial nerve
Deep:
1.) popliteus
2.) flexor hallucis
3.) flexor digitorum
4.) tibialis posterior
Tibial nerve
Post. tibial artery and veins
fibular artery and veins
Which 3 band-like thickenings of fascia in the ankle joint? What are their functions?
superior extensor retinaculum
inferior extensor ret.
superior flexor ret.
inferior ret.
fibular ret.
Hold tendons of muscles in place
What are the 2 actions associated with the subtalar axis?
inversion/eversion
What are the 2 actions associated with the ankle axis?
plantar/dorsal flexion
What are the gastrocnemius & soleus muscles combined known as?
triceps surae (93% of plantar flexion force!)
Which 2 muscles are referred to as the second heart of the body? Why?
gastrocnemius & soleus, their role in venous blood return (blood vessels are located between so when these muscles contract, blood is forced through)
What tendon is the DTR of S1?
calcaneal tendon
What is the fabella?
A small sesmoid bone found in some mammals, embedded in the tendon of the lat. head of the gastrocnemius muscle behind the lat. condyle of the femur
What muscle attaches to the lateral meniscus?
popliteus (post. side)
What are the borders of the tarsal tunnel?
flex. ret, medial malleolus, and calcanea
Arrangement of anatomical structures passing behind the medial melleolus?
Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, post. tibial Artery, tibial Vein, tibial Nerve, flexor Hallucis longus
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry
Where do you take the pulse of the post. tibial artery ?
mid-way between heel and medial malleolus
What is the popliteal fossa? Where? Borders?
diamond shaped fossa behind knee joint
Lat. (top): biceps femoris
Medial (top): semitendinosus
Lat. (bottom): lat. head of gastrocnemius
Medial (bottom): med. head of gastrocnemius
Roof:
deep fascia which is pierced by the small saphenous vein
Floor:
top-Popliteal surface of femur
bottom: popliteus muscle
contents: branches of sciatic nerve( tib, common fib, popliteal A., popliteal V., fat, lymph nodes)
Where do we take the pulse of the popliteal A.?
popliteal fossa
What is compartment syndrome? Where does it occur? What nerve is involved?
Painful condition that occurs when pressure rises in and around muscles (swelling of muscles) and insufficient blood supply to tissue within that space.
Anterior compartment
Deep fibular nerve (passes through the compartment)
When the deep fibular nerve is damaged, what condition will they present with? What action is restricted? What can you give patient to help?
drop foot, dorsi flexion, splint to help initiate dorsi flexion to aid in walking
Where do the fibularis muscles go in relation to the lateral malleolus?
1 in front (FT-dorsiflexion) and 2 behind (FL and FB- plantar flexion)
Action at ankle joint is different!
