Anterior and Medial Thigh Muscles Flashcards
What are the 3 compartments of the thigh? Both names.
1.) anterior (extensor)
2.) medial (adductor)
3.) posterior (flexor)
Psoas Major (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Origin:
1.) bodies and TVPs of L1-L5
Insertion:
1. lesser trochanter of femur
Function:
1.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Flex. of trunk@ the spinal joints.
4.) Lat. Flex. of trunk@ the spinal joints.
5.) Anterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip
N: Lumbar plexus (L1, L2, L3)
Which direction does the lesser trochanter face?
posteriorly
Iliacus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Origin:
1.) Iliac fossa
2.) Sacral Ala
Insertion:
1.) Lesser trochanter of femur
Function:
1.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Anterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip\
N: Femoral
What can a shortened psoas cause in the lumbar spine?
hyperlordotic spine, and tilt pelvis anteriorly
Sartorius (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Ins:
Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon)
Function:
1.) Flex of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Abd. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
4.) Flex of leg @ knee J. ***(exception in this comp.)
5.) Med. Rot. of leg @ knee J.
N: Femoral
Quadriceps femoris- rectus femoris (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
1.) Straight (Ant.) head: AIIS
2.) Reflected (Post.) head: Groove above the brim of acetabulum
Ins:
1.) Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)
Function:
Ext. of leg (knee J.)
Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
N: Femoral
Quadriceps femoris- vastus lateralis (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
1.) Intertrochanteric line
2.) Gluteal tuberosity
3.) Lateral lip of linea aspera
Ins:
1.) Lateral border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)
Function:
Ext. of leg (knee J.)
N: Femoral
Quadriceps femoris- vastus medialis (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
1.) Intertrochanteric line
2.) Medial lip of linea aspera
3.) Medial supracondylar line.
Ins:
1.) Medial border of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)
Function:
1.) Ext. of leg (knee J.)
N: Femoral
Articularis genus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
1.) anterior surface of the lower part of the body of the femur
Ins:
1.) upper part of the capsule and synovial membrane of the knee joint.
Function:
1.) It elevates the capsule and the synovial membrane of the knee joint and prevents them from being pinched during extension of the leg.
N: Femoral
Pectineus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve) exception
Ori:
1.) superior ramus of pubis (Pectineal line of pubis)
Ins:
1.) pectineal line of femur
Function:
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
N: Femoral *** (exception)
Adductor longus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
1.) anterior surface of pubis
Ins:
1.) middle/distal part of linea aspera
Function:
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Lat. Rot of thigh (hip J.)
N: Obturator
Adductor brevis (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
1.) Body & Inferior ramus of pubis
Ins:
1.) Proximal 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
Function:
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Lat. Rot of thigh (hip J.)
N: Obturator
Adductor magnus (Origin, insertion, function, nerve) ** exception **
Ori:
1.) Anterior head (adductor part):
- Ischiopubic ramus
2.) Posterior head (hamstring or ischial part):
Ischial tuberosity
Ins:
1.) Anterior head (adductor part):
i.) Linea aspera
ii.) Gluteal tuberosity
iii.) Medial supracondylar line
2.) Posterior head (hamstring or ischial part):
i.) Adductor tubercle
Function:
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.) (the Ant. or pubic attachment)
3.) Ext. of thigh (hip J.) (the Post. or Hamstring or ischial attachment)
4.) Lat. Rot of thigh @ hip J.
N:
Ant. head (pubic) = obturator N.
post. head (Hamstring or Ischial) = tibial N.
** can do both flexion and extension of thigh at hip joint **
Gracilis (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
1.) Body of pubis
2.) Inferior ramus of pubis
Ins:
1.) Proximal part of medial surface of shaft of tibia (forms Pes anserine tendon) (SAME INSERTION AS SARTORIUS)
Function: (4 ) (2 Movements on hip J. and 2 on knee J.)
1.) Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2.) Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
3.) Flex. of leg (knee J.)
4.) Med. Rot. of leg (knee J.)
N: Obturator
Which muscle is also knows as the 4th hamstring?
adductor magnus
In patients with cerebral palsy, which muscles are spastics, causing Scissor’s Gait?
adductor muscles
Which 3 muscles form the pes anserinus with the combination of their tendons? Where do they attach? What is deep to these muscles?
Sarterious (anterior), gracilis (medial) and semitendinosus (posterior) muscles attach to the upper medial side of the tibia in a three-pronged pattern.
Bursa (if one is tight or overworked, all will be affected)
(Say Grace before Tea)
What muscles form the femoral triangle borders? What is the mnemonic?
SAIL:
Sartorius
Adductors
Inguinal Ligament
What are the contents of the femoral triangle? What is the mnemonic? What is the easiest party to palpate?
NAVEL:
Nerve (femoral)
Artery (femoral)
Vein (femoral)
Empty Space
Lymph
The artery. Go lateral = nerve/ go medial = vein
What shape is the femoral canal? Where is it located? How long is it? It opens superiorly as what? What is its function?
inverted cone-shaped fascial space
medial to the femoral vein within the upper femoral triangle.
1-2 cm long
opens superiorly as the femoral ring.
Allow the femoral vein to expand when there is increased venous return from the lower limb
Quadriceps femoris- vastus intermedius (Origin, insertion, function, nerve)
Ori:
1.) Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
Ins:
1.) Base of patella via the quadriceps tendon and then to tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament (tendon)
Function:
1.) Ext. of leg (knee J.)
N: Femoral
What is the physical space/opening in the adductor muscle called? What 2 muscles border it? What is it accommodating passage for?
Adductor hiatus
Between the adductor and hamstring part of magnus
1.) femoral artery
2.) femoral vein
Difference between flaccidity and spasticity?
flaccidity: the muscle is dead due to injury in the PNS, dead muscle
spasticity is an injury in the CNS, CONTROL of nerve is lost. All muscles turn on at the same level of tone.
What muscle can you use for surgical reconstruction of hamstring tears?
gracialis
Are femoral hernias more common in males or females?
females
Which space is common for femoral hernia?
femoral triangle
What is the first sign of a femoral hernia?
venous pooling and blood
