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anatomy 1A > muscles of the forearm and hand > Flashcards

muscles of the forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

forearm muscles that act primarily at the elbow

A
  • brachialis

- brachioradialis

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2
Q

brachialis – origin

A

distal half of anterior surface of humerus

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3
Q

brachialis – insertion

A

tuberosity + coronoid process of ulna (where biceps brachii inserts)

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4
Q

brachialis – action

A

flex the elbow (works w/ the biceps brachii)

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5
Q

brachialis – nerve

A

musculocutaneous

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6
Q

brachioradialis – origin

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

same as origin of extensor carpi radialis longus

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7
Q

brachioradialis – insertion

A

styloid process of radius

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8
Q

brachioradialis – action

A

flex the elbow (diff. leverage than biceps brachii + brachialis b/c of diff. origin + insert)

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9
Q

_____ is the only muscle that runs length of forearm but does NOT cross the wrist joints.

A

brachioradialis

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10
Q

muscles that move the wrist and/or fingers

A

carpi, digitorum, or palmaris muscles subdivided into 4 smaller groups:

  • extensors of wrist + fingers
  • flexors of wrist + fingers
  • adductors of wrist
  • abductors of wrist
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11
Q

extensors of the wrist + fingers (4)

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor digitorum
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12
Q

extensors VS. flexors of wrist + fingers

A
  • both extensors + flexors are located b/w brachioradialis + shaft of ulna
  • however, extensors are locatedalong forearm’s posterior/lateral surface
  • flexors are located along forearm’s anterior/medial surface
  • as a group, extensors are smaller + more sinewy than forearm flexors
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13
Q

3 extensors of wrist + fingers that originate at lateral epicondyle of humerus

A
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor digitorum

(includes all extensors EXCEPT extensor carpi radialis longus, which originates at lateral SUPRAcondylar ridge of humerus)

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14
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis – origin

A
  • lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (longus) (same as brachioradialis origin)
  • lateral epicondyle of humerus (brevis)

(longus attaches higher up on the humerus; therefore longer)

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15
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis – insertion

A
  • base of 2nd metacarpal (longus)

- base of 3rd metacarpal (brevis)

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16
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis – actions

A
  • extend wrist

- abduct wrist (b/c it inserts at base of 2nd + 3rd metacarpal)

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17
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris – origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

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18
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris – insertion

A

base of 5th metacarpal

“pinky” finger or ulnar side

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19
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris – actions

A
  • extend wrist

- adduct wrist (b/c it inserts at base of 5th metacarpal)

20
Q

extensor digitorum – origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

21
Q

extensor digitorum – insertion

A

bases of middle + distal phalanges of fingers 2 to 5

“digitorum” fingers

22
Q

extensor digitorum – actions

A
  • extend fingers 2 to 5
  • extend wrist

(poly-articulating joint that affects 4 joints: dips, pips, wrist + elbow)

23
Q

extensor indicis – origin

A

posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna

24
Q

extensor indicis – insertion

A

attaches to 2 tendons:

  • extensor digitorum tendon at the level of the 2nd metacarpal
  • extensor indicis tendon
25
Q

extensor indicis – actions

A
  • extend index finger (at the metacarpophalangeal joint)
  • adduct index finger (brings it closer to middle finger)
  • assist to extend the wrist
26
Q

flexors of the wrist + fingers (5)

A
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus (sometimes absent)
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor digitorum profundus
27
Q

4 flexors of wrist + fingers that originate at medial epicondyle of humerus

A
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor digitorum superficialis

(all flexors EXCEPT flexor digitorum profundus, which originates at proximal ulna)

28
Q

flexor carpi radialis – origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

29
Q

flexor carpi radialis – insertion

A

bases of 2nd + 3rd metacarpals

30
Q

flexor carpi radialis – actions

A
  • flex wrist

- abduct wrist (b/c inserts at 2nd + 3rd metacarpals

31
Q

flexor carpi radialis – nerve

A

median nerve

32
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris – origin

A
  • medial epicondyle of humerus (humeral head)

- posterior surface of proximal ulna (ulnar head)

33
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris – insertion

A
  • pisiform
  • hook of hamate
  • base of 5th metacarpal
34
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris – actions

A
  • flex wrist

- adduct wrist (b/c insertion points are all at medial wrist)

35
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris – nerve

A

ulnar

36
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis – origin

A
  • medial epicondyle of humerus
  • ulnar collateral ligament
  • coronoid process of ulna
  • iinterosseous membrane
  • proximal shaft of radius
37
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis – insertion

A

sides of middle phalanges of fingers 2 to 5 (tendon is forked)

38
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis – actions

A
  • flex fingers 2 to 5 (metacarpophalangeal + proximal interphalangeal joints)
  • flex wrist
39
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis – nerve

A

median nerve

40
Q

flexor digitorum profundus – origin

A

anterior + medial surfaces of proximal ulna

41
Q

flexor digitorum profundus – insertion

A

bases of distal phalanges of fingers 2 to 5

42
Q

flexor digitorum profundus – action

A

flex fingers 2 to 5 (metacarpophalangeal + distal interphalangeal joints)

43
Q

flexor digitorum profundus – nerve

A

median + ulnar nerves

44
Q

all fingers abduct + adduct around the ____ finger.

A

middle

45
Q

lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

A
  • prevents lateral deviation of elbow

- aka radial collateral ligament

46
Q

medial collateral ligament (MCL)

A
  • prevents medial deviation of elbow
  • aka ulnar collateral ligament
  • a natural “cubitus valgus” curve allows a “carrying angle” (opposite would be “cubitus varus” or “gunstock deformity”)
47
Q

interosseous membrane

A
  • fibrous sheet that connects radius + ulna (main part of radio-ulnar syndesmosis, a fibrous joint b/w radius + ulna)
  • site of attachment for muscles of the forearm
  • transfers forces from the radius, to the ulna, to the humerus
  • as the forearm moves from pronation to supination the Interosseous membrane fibres change from a relaxed state, then become tense in the neutral position and then once again become relaxed as the forearm enters supination

anatomy 1A (5 decks)

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