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anatomy 1A > muscles of spine and thorax > Flashcards

muscles of spine and thorax Flashcards

1
Q

paraspinal myo

A
  • run on each side of spine

- some are attached to spine

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2
Q

layers of paraspinal myo

A

deep to superficial, medial to lateral:

  • rotatores
  • multifidi
  • semispinalis
  • spinalis
  • longissimus
  • iliocostalis
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3
Q

erector spinae – general description

A

long, vertical fibers that run from sacrum to occiput along both sides of spine

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4
Q

erector spinae – names of 3 groups + their subgroups

A

spinalis thoracis
spinalis cervicis

longissimus thoracis
longissimus cervicis
longissimus capitis

iliocostals lumborum
iliocostals thoracis
iliocostals cervicis

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5
Q

erector spinae – actions

A
  • laterally flex vert. column to same side (unilaterally)

- extend the vertebral column (bilaterally)

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6
Q

erector spinae – nerve

A

spinal nerve

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7
Q

transversospinalis – general description

A
  • short, diagonal fibers that form an intricate stitch-like design
  • fibers extend at varying lengths from the transverse + spinous processes of vertebrae (hence the name “transversospinalis”)
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8
Q

transversospinalis – names of 3 groups

A

multifidi + rotatores (synergists)

semispinalis capitis

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9
Q

rotatores + multifidi – unique character

A
  • smallest myo of spine
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10
Q

rotatores + multifidi – origin

A
  • TVP’s of lumbar thru cervical vert.

- sacrum (multifidi only)

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11
Q

rotatores + multifidi – insertion

A
  • spinous procsses of lumbar vert. thru C-2
  • rotatores span 1 to 2 vertebrae *
  • multifidi span 2 to 4 vertebrae *
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12
Q

rotatores + multifidi – actions

A
  • rotate the vert. column to the opposite side (unilaterally)
  • extend the vert. column (bilaterally)
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13
Q

rotatores + multifidi – nerve

A

spinal nerve

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14
Q

semispinalis capitis – origin

A

TVP’s of C-4 to T-5

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15
Q

semispinalis capitis – insertion

A

b/w the superior + inferior nuchal lines of the occiput

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16
Q

semispinalis capitis – actions

A

extend vert. column + head

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17
Q

semispinalis capitis – nerve

A

cervical nerve

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18
Q

splenius capitis + splenius cervicis – general description

A
  • long myo that run obliquely along upper back + posterior neck (instead of running parallel to spine)
  • “capitis” = skull
  • “cervicis” = cervical spine
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19
Q

splenius capitis + splenius cervicis – origin

A
  • spinous processes of C-7 to T-4 (capitis)

- spinous processes of T-3 to T-6 (cervicis)

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20
Q

splenius capitis + splenius cervicis – insertion

A
  • mastoid process + superior nuchal line (capitis)

- TVP’s of C-1 to C-3 (cervicis)

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21
Q

splenius capitis + splenius cervicis – actions

A
  • rotate head + neck to same side (unilaterally)
  • laterally flex head + neck (unilaterally)
  • extend head + neck (bilaterally)
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22
Q

splenius capitis + splenius cervicis – nerve

A

cervical nerve

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23
Q

suboccipitals – general description

A
  • responsible for tiny mvts of head (rocking, tilting)
  • also stabilize atlas + axis
  • deepest myo of upper posterior neck
24
Q

suboccipitals – names of 4 pairs

A

rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitus posterior minor
oblique capitis superior
oblique capitis inferior

25
Q

rectus capitis posterior major – actions

A
  • rock + tilt head back into extension

- rotate head to same side

26
Q

rectus capitus posterior minor – action

A

rock + tilt head back into extension

27
Q

oblique capitis superior – actions

A
  • rock + tilt head back into extension

- laterally flex head to same side

28
Q

oblique capitis inferior – action

A

rotate head to same side

29
Q

suboccipitals – nerve

A

suboccipital nerve

30
Q

quadratus lumborum – general description

A
  • “hip hiker” myo
  • is actually considered an abdominal muscle (and is the deepest abdominal myo)
  • “quadratus” bc 4-sided shape; “lumborum” bc attaches to lumbar vert.
31
Q

quadratus lumborum – origin

A

posterior iliac crest

32
Q

quadratus lumborum – insertion

A

T-12

TVP’s of L-1 to L-4

33
Q

quadratus lumborum – actions

A
  • laterally tilt/ elevate the pelvis (unilaterally)
  • laterally flex vert. column to same side (unilaterally)
  • stabilize last rib during forced inhale + exhale (bilaterally)
34
Q

quadratus lumborum – nerve

A

lumbar plexus nerve

35
Q

abdominals – names of 4 groups

A

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis

36
Q

linea alba

A
  • a fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
  • name means “white line”
37
Q

abdominal aponeurosis

A

layers of flat broad tendons in the abdominal area that serve as attachment sites for myo

38
Q

rectus abdominis – origin

A
  • pubic crest

- pubic symphysis

39
Q

rectus abdominis – insertion

A
  • cartilage of ribs 5, 6, 7

- xiphoid process

40
Q

rectus abdominis – actions

A
  • flex vert. column

- tilt pelvis posteriorly

41
Q

external oblique – origin

A

external surfaces of ribs 5 to 12

42
Q

external oblique – insertion

A
  • anterior part of iliac crest

- abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

43
Q

external oblique – actions

A
  • laterally flex vert. column to same side (unilaterally)
  • rotate vert. column to opposite side (unilaterally)
  • flex vert. column (bilaterally)
44
Q

internal oblique – origin

A
  • lateral inquinal ligament
  • iliac crest
  • thoracolumbar fascia
45
Q

internal oblique – insertion

A
  • lower 3 ribs

- abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

46
Q

internal oblique – actions

A
  • laterally flex vert. column to same side (unilaterally)
  • rotate vert. column to same side (unilaterally)
  • flex vert. column (bilaterally)
47
Q

transverse abdominus – origin

A
  • lateral inquinal ligament
  • iliac crest
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • lower 6 ribs
48
Q

transverse abdominus – insertion

A

abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

49
Q

transverse abdominus – actions

A

compress abdominal contents

50
Q

diaphragm – general description

A
  • primary myo of respiration
  • broad umbrella-like shape separates upper + lower thoracic cavities
  • inhalation occurs when diaphram myo contracts + pulls central tendon inferiorly, creating vacuum that draws air into lungs
51
Q

diaphragm – origin

A
  • inner surface of lower 6 ribs
  • upper 2 or 3 lumbar vertebrae
  • xiphoid process
52
Q

diaphragm – insertion

A

central tendon

53
Q

diaphragm – actions

A
  • drawn down central tendon of diaphragm

- increase volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation

54
Q

diaphragm – nerve

A

phrenic

55
Q

central tendon – unique character

A
  • not attached to any bone

- is the insertion of diaphragm, but not stabilized

anatomy 1A (5 decks)

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