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anatomy 1A > muscles of forearm and hand continued > Flashcards

muscles of forearm and hand continued Flashcards

1
Q

pronator teres – general location

A

anterior surface of proximal forearm (near elbow)

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2
Q

pronator teres – antagonist to

A

antagonist to biceps brachii + supinator muscles (which both supinate the hand)

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3
Q

pronator teres – origin

A
  • medial epiconyle of humerus

- coronoid process of ulna

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4
Q

pronator teres – insertion

A

lateral surface of radius

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5
Q

pronator teres – action

A

pronate forearm

crosses from ulna to attach at radius

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6
Q

pronator teres – nerve

A

median nerve

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7
Q

pronator quadratus – general location

A

anterior surface of distal forearm (near wrist)

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8
Q

pronator quadratus – shape

A

4-sided muscle, shaped like a rectangle that’s located near wrist (“quadratus”)

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9
Q

pronator quadratus – origin

A

medial, anterior surface of distal ulna

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10
Q

pronator quadratus – insertion

A

lateral, anterior surface of distal radius

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11
Q

pronator quadratus – action

A

pronate forearm

crosses from ulna to attach at radius, but more distal than pronator teres

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12
Q

pronator quadratus – nerve

A

median nerve

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13
Q

supinator – general location

A

lateral side of elbow

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14
Q

supinator – antagonist to

A

antagonist to pronator teres + pronator quadratus

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15
Q

supinator – origin

A
  • lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • radial collateral ligament
  • supinator crest of ulna
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16
Q

supinator – insertion

A

proximal 1/3 of radial shaft

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17
Q

supinator – action

A

supinate forearm

contraction of myo causes fovea of head of radius to spin around the capitulum of humerus

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18
Q

supinator – nerve

A

radial nerve

(deep branch of radial nerve penetrates the supinator’s belly + can elicit a sharp, shooting sensation down forearm when compressed)

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19
Q

strongest supinator muscle

A

biceps brachii is the strongest supinator

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20
Q

pollicis

A

“pollox” refers to thumb, therefore “pollicis” deals w/ movement of thumb

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21
Q

actions of thumb

A

FLEXION - palm open, fingers close together (taking oath)
EXTENSION - palm open w/ fingers spread wide so webbing shows (down dog hands)
ADDUCTION - thumb toward index + middle fingers
ABDUCTION - thumb away from palm (open puppet mouth)

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22
Q

of thumb muscles

A

8 muscles that move the thumb are divided into two groups: short + long muscles

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23
Q

4 short muscles of thumb

A

4 short myo of thumb are located at thenar eminence:

  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollicis
  • adductor pollics
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24
Q

4 long muscles of thumb

A

4 long myo of thumb form the “anatomical snuffbox” and originate along shafts of the radius or ulna:

  • abductor pollicis longus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis
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25
Q

radial nerve

A

generally ennervates fingers 1, 2, 3, and lateral half of finger 4

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26
Q

ulnar nerve

A

generally ennervates finger 5 + medial half of finger 4

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27
Q

sulcous for ulnar nerve

A

as it extends down the forearm, ulnar nerve passes b/w medial epicondyle + olecranon process, and is superficial at this point (“funny bone”)

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28
Q

thenar eminence

A

fleshy mass at the thumb’s base that contains belly of short pollicis muscles that insert at the base of the 1st metacarpal, proximal phalanx + distal phalanx of thumb:

  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • oponens pollici
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29
Q

abductor pollicis longus – general location

A

lies along forearm’s posterior suface, deep to wrist extensors, with distal tendon forming part of “anatomical snuffbox”

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30
Q

abductor pollicis longus – origin

A

posterior surface of radius + ulna

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31
Q

abductor pollicis longus – insertion

A

base of 1st metacarpal

think closer to carpals for max leverage

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32
Q

abductor pollicis longus – actions

A
  • abduct, extend thumb (carpometacarpal joint)

- abduct wrist (radiocarpal joint)

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33
Q

abductor pollicis longus – nerve

A

radial nerve

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34
Q

extensor pollicis longus + brevis – general location

A

lie along forearm’s posterior suface, deep to wrist extensors, with distal tendon forming part of “anatomical snuffbox”

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35
Q

extensor pollicis longus + brevis – origin

A
  • posterior surface of ulna (longus)

- posterior surface of radius (brevis)

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36
Q

extensor pollicis longus + brevis – insertion

A
  • base of distal phalanx of thumb (longus)

- base of proximal phalanx of thumb (brevis)

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37
Q

extensor pollicis longus + brevis – actions

A
  • extend thumb (interphalangeal joint)
  • extend thumb (metacarpophalangeal + carpometacarpal joints) (synergist w/ abductor pollicis longus)
  • abduct wrist (radiocarpal joint)
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38
Q

extensor pollicis longus + brevis – nerve

A

radial nerve

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39
Q

flexor pollicis longus – general location

A
  • lies on forearm’s anterior surface, deep to wrist flexors, and are inaccessible
  • its long, distal tendon travels thru the carpal tunnel b/w thenar eminence myo
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40
Q

flexor pollicis longus – origin

A

anterior surface of radius

41
Q

flexor pollicis longus – insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of thumb

42
Q

flexor pollicis longus – actions

A
  • flex thumb (interphalangeal joint)

- flex thumb (metacarpal + carpometacarpal joints)

43
Q

flexor pollicis longus – nerve

A

median nerve

distal tendon of flexor pollicis longus runs thru carpal tunnel

44
Q

“anatomical snuffbox”

A
  • a small cavity formed by distal tendons of long myo of thumb, which are superficial near the thumb and form a platform for historically inhaling a variety of substances
  • located along dorsal surface of hand, just distal to styloid process of radius
45
Q

abductor pollicis brevis – general location

A

thenar eminence: superficial + intermediate

46
Q

abductor pollicis brevis – origin

A
  • flexor retinaculum
  • trapezium
  • scaphoid
47
Q

abductor pollicis brevis – insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

flexor pollicis brevis inserts here as well

48
Q

abductor pollicis brevis – action

A

abduct thumb (carpometacarpal + metacarpophalangeal joints)

49
Q

abductor pollicis brevis – nerve

A

median nerve

50
Q

flexor pollicis brevis – general location

A

thenar eminence: superficial + intermediate

51
Q

flexor pollicis brevis – origin

A
  • flexor retinaculum (superficial head)

- trapezium, trapezoid, capitate (deep head)

52
Q

flexor pollicis brevis – insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

abductor pollicis brevis inserts here as well

53
Q

flexor pollicis brevis – action

A

flex thumb (carpometacarpal + metacarpophalangeal joints)

54
Q

opposition

A
  • bringing thumb + 5th finger together

- possible due to saddle joint of first carpometacarpal joint

55
Q

opponens pollicis – general location

A

thenar eminence: deep to abductor pollicis brevis + flexor pollicis brevis

56
Q

opponens pollicis – origin

A

trapezium

57
Q

opponens pollicis – insertion

A

ENTIRE LENGTH of first metacarpal bone, radial surface

58
Q

opponens pollicis – action

A

opposition of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

59
Q

opponens pollicis – nerve

A

median nerve

60
Q

adductor pollicis – general location

A
  • largest of the thumb’s short myo

- lies deep along palmar surface (can sometimes be felt in web of hand b/w thumb + forefinger)

61
Q

adductor pollicis – origin

A
  • capitate

- 2nd + 3rd metacarpals

62
Q

adductor pollicis – insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

abductor pollicis brevis + flexor pollicis brevis also insert here

63
Q

adductor pollicis – action

A

adduct thumb (carpometacarpal + metacarpophalangeal joints)

64
Q

adductor pollicis – nerve

A

ulnar nerve (exception)

65
Q

lumbricals of hand – general location

A
  • sprout from sides of flexor digitorum profundus tendons on palmar side of hand
  • myo are on palmar surface but tendons insert on dorsal side (allowing for extension)
66
Q

lumbricals of hand – actions

A
  • extend fingers 2 thru 5 (interphalangeal joints)

- flex fingers 2 thru 5 (metacarpophalangeal joints)

67
Q

palmar interossei – general location

A

b/w the metacarpals, deep to the lumbricals

none on middle finger, since their function is to adduct toward the middle finger

68
Q

palmar interossei – action

A

adduct the thumb, 2nd, 4th + 5th fingers toward the middle finger

69
Q

dorsal interossei – general location

A

hand’s dorsal surface b/w metacarpals

70
Q

dorsal interossei – origin

A

adjacent sides of all metacarpals

71
Q

dorsal interossei – insertion

A
  • base of proximal phalanx of 2nd, 3rd + 4th fingers (attaches to 3rd finger on both sides)
  • extensor aponeurosis
72
Q

dorsal interossei – action

A

abduct the 2nd, 4th + 5th fingers away from middle finger (metacarpophalangeal joints)

73
Q

hypothenar eminence

A

group of 3 short hand muscles along ulnar side of palm:

  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • opponens digiti minimi
74
Q

abductor digiti minimi – general location

A
  • most superficial of myo of hypothenar eminence

- extends from pisiform to base of pinky

75
Q

abductor digiti minimi – origin

A

pisiform

76
Q

abductor digiti minimi – insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger (pinky)

77
Q

abductor digiti minimi – action

A

abduct 5th finger (pinky)

78
Q

abductor digiti minimi – nerve

A

ulnar nerve

79
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis – general location

A
  • extends from hook of hamate to base of pinky

- deep to abductor digiti minimi

80
Q

flexor digiti minimi – origin

A

hook of hamate

81
Q

flexor digiti minimi – insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger (pinky)

82
Q

flexor digiti minimi – action

A

flex 5th finger (pinky)

83
Q

flexor digiti minimi – nerve

A

ulnar nerve

84
Q

opponens digiti minimi – general location

A
  • extends from hook of hamate to pinky blade of palm

- deep to flexor digiti minimi brevis, which is deep to abductor digiti minimi

85
Q

opponens digiti minimi – origin

A

hook of hamate

86
Q

opponens digiti minimi – insert

A

shaft of 5th metacarpal

87
Q

opponens digiti minimi – action

A

opposition of 5th finger (carpometacarpal joint)

88
Q

opponens digiti minimi – nerve

A

ulnar nerve

89
Q

radial collateral ligament

A
  • prevents elbow from deviating laterally
  • a cordlike band that stretches from lateral epicondyle of humerus to annular ligament + lateral side of ulna
  • deep to supinator + extensors of forearm
90
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A
  • prevents elbow from deviating medially
  • strong, triangular-shaped ligament that originates on the humerus’ medial epicondyle, then attaches to coronoid process of ulna + olecranon process
  • deep to common flexor tendon; superficial to ulnar nerve
91
Q

interosseous membrane

A
  • a thin but strong fibrous sheet that binds together the forearm bones
  • serves as attachment site for several myo
  • deep location
92
Q

annular ligament

A
  • “annular” b/c it wraps around head + neck of radius (conical shape means it gets tighter when you life heavy items)
  • holds head of radius in place against ulna during pronation + supination (attaches to ulna)
  • lies deep to supinator + extensor myo of forearm
93
Q

problems with annular ligament

A
  • “nurse maid’s elbow” – yanking at a kid’s elbow

- “little league elbow” – throwing curve balls by twisting wrist, which destroys the elbow

94
Q

flexor retinaculum

A
  • located on palmar surface of wrist just distal to flexor crease
  • along with carpal bones, form the carpal tunnel
  • made of tough tissue + holds tendons intact close to bone
  • think strong “Wonder Woman” wrist bands
95
Q

olechranon bursa

A
  • small bursa that pads the space b/w olecranon process + skin of elbow
  • located just distal to triceps brachii tendon
  • can become inflamed when elbow is irritated or struck by external object, resulting in olecranon bursitis or “student’s elbow”
96
Q

brachial plexus

A
  • a network of nerve fibers that run from spine (C5-C8, T1) thru neck + axilla, into the arm
  • supply brachium (upper arm), antebrachium (forearm) + hand
"plexus" = group of nerves
"brachial" = arm
97
Q

which pollicis myo attach at base of proximal phalanx of thumb?

A
  • adductor pollicis
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • extensor pollicis brevis

(basically, all pollicis brevis myo plus adductor pollicis)

98
Q

nerves of thumb muscles

A

radial nerve: “anatomical snuffbox” myo (abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus + brevis)

median nerve: flexor pollicis longus + thenar eminence myo (abductor pollicis brevis, superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)

ulnar nerve: adductor pollicis + deep head of flexor pollicis brevis

99
Q

which hand myo adduct + abduct fingers toward/away from 3rd finger?

A
  • palmar interossei (adduct)

- dorsal interossei (abduct)

anatomy 1A (5 decks)

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