muscles of forearm and hand continued Flashcards
1
Q
pronator teres – general location
A
anterior surface of proximal forearm (near elbow)
2
Q
pronator teres – antagonist to
A
antagonist to biceps brachii + supinator muscles (which both supinate the hand)
3
Q
pronator teres – origin
A
- medial epiconyle of humerus
- coronoid process of ulna
4
Q
pronator teres – insertion
A
lateral surface of radius
5
Q
pronator teres – action
A
pronate forearm
crosses from ulna to attach at radius
6
Q
pronator teres – nerve
A
median nerve
7
Q
pronator quadratus – general location
A
anterior surface of distal forearm (near wrist)
8
Q
pronator quadratus – shape
A
4-sided muscle, shaped like a rectangle that’s located near wrist (“quadratus”)
9
Q
pronator quadratus – origin
A
medial, anterior surface of distal ulna
10
Q
pronator quadratus – insertion
A
lateral, anterior surface of distal radius
11
Q
pronator quadratus – action
A
pronate forearm
crosses from ulna to attach at radius, but more distal than pronator teres
12
Q
pronator quadratus – nerve
A
median nerve
13
Q
supinator – general location
A
lateral side of elbow
14
Q
supinator – antagonist to
A
antagonist to pronator teres + pronator quadratus
15
Q
supinator – origin
A
- lateral epicondyle of humerus
- radial collateral ligament
- supinator crest of ulna
16
Q
supinator – insertion
A
proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
17
Q
supinator – action
A
supinate forearm
contraction of myo causes fovea of head of radius to spin around the capitulum of humerus
18
Q
supinator – nerve
A
radial nerve
(deep branch of radial nerve penetrates the supinator’s belly + can elicit a sharp, shooting sensation down forearm when compressed)
19
Q
strongest supinator muscle
A
biceps brachii is the strongest supinator
20
Q
pollicis
A
“pollox” refers to thumb, therefore “pollicis” deals w/ movement of thumb
21
Q
actions of thumb
A
FLEXION - palm open, fingers close together (taking oath)
EXTENSION - palm open w/ fingers spread wide so webbing shows (down dog hands)
ADDUCTION - thumb toward index + middle fingers
ABDUCTION - thumb away from palm (open puppet mouth)
22
Q
of thumb muscles
A
8 muscles that move the thumb are divided into two groups: short + long muscles
23
Q
4 short muscles of thumb
A
4 short myo of thumb are located at thenar eminence:
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
- adductor pollics
24
Q
4 long muscles of thumb
A
4 long myo of thumb form the “anatomical snuffbox” and originate along shafts of the radius or ulna:
- abductor pollicis longus
- flexor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
25
radial nerve
generally ennervates fingers 1, 2, 3, and lateral half of finger 4
26
ulnar nerve
generally ennervates finger 5 + medial half of finger 4
27
sulcous for ulnar nerve
as it extends down the forearm, ulnar nerve passes b/w medial epicondyle + olecranon process, and is superficial at this point ("funny bone")
28
thenar eminence
fleshy mass at the thumb's base that contains belly of short pollicis muscles that insert at the base of the 1st metacarpal, proximal phalanx + distal phalanx of thumb:
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- oponens pollici
29
abductor pollicis longus -- general location
lies along forearm's posterior suface, deep to wrist extensors, with distal tendon forming part of "anatomical snuffbox"
30
abductor pollicis longus -- origin
posterior surface of radius + ulna
31
abductor pollicis longus -- insertion
base of 1st metacarpal
| think closer to carpals for max leverage
32
abductor pollicis longus -- actions
- abduct, extend thumb (carpometacarpal joint)
| - abduct wrist (radiocarpal joint)
33
abductor pollicis longus -- nerve
radial nerve
34
extensor pollicis longus + brevis -- general location
lie along forearm's posterior suface, deep to wrist extensors, with distal tendon forming part of "anatomical snuffbox"
35
extensor pollicis longus + brevis -- origin
- posterior surface of ulna (longus)
| - posterior surface of radius (brevis)
36
extensor pollicis longus + brevis -- insertion
- base of distal phalanx of thumb (longus)
| - base of proximal phalanx of thumb (brevis)
37
extensor pollicis longus + brevis -- actions
- extend thumb (interphalangeal joint)
- extend thumb (metacarpophalangeal + carpometacarpal joints) (synergist w/ abductor pollicis longus)
- abduct wrist (radiocarpal joint)
38
extensor pollicis longus + brevis -- nerve
radial nerve
39
flexor pollicis longus -- general location
- lies on forearm's anterior surface, deep to wrist flexors, and are inaccessible
- its long, distal tendon travels thru the carpal tunnel b/w thenar eminence myo
40
flexor pollicis longus -- origin
anterior surface of radius
41
flexor pollicis longus -- insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
42
flexor pollicis longus -- actions
- flex thumb (interphalangeal joint)
| - flex thumb (metacarpal + carpometacarpal joints)
43
flexor pollicis longus -- nerve
median nerve
| distal tendon of flexor pollicis longus runs thru carpal tunnel
44
"anatomical snuffbox"
- a small cavity formed by distal tendons of long myo of thumb, which are superficial near the thumb and form a platform for historically inhaling a variety of substances
- located along dorsal surface of hand, just distal to styloid process of radius
45
abductor pollicis brevis -- general location
thenar eminence: superficial + intermediate
46
abductor pollicis brevis -- origin
- flexor retinaculum
- trapezium
- scaphoid
47
abductor pollicis brevis -- insertion
base of proximal phalanx of thumb
| flexor pollicis brevis inserts here as well
48
abductor pollicis brevis -- action
abduct thumb (carpometacarpal + metacarpophalangeal joints)
49
abductor pollicis brevis -- nerve
median nerve
50
flexor pollicis brevis -- general location
thenar eminence: superficial + intermediate
51
flexor pollicis brevis -- origin
- flexor retinaculum (superficial head)
| - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate (deep head)
52
flexor pollicis brevis -- insertion
base of proximal phalanx of thumb
| abductor pollicis brevis inserts here as well
53
flexor pollicis brevis -- action
flex thumb (carpometacarpal + metacarpophalangeal joints)
54
opposition
- bringing thumb + 5th finger together
| - possible due to saddle joint of first carpometacarpal joint
55
opponens pollicis -- general location
thenar eminence: deep to abductor pollicis brevis + flexor pollicis brevis
56
opponens pollicis -- origin
trapezium
57
opponens pollicis -- insertion
ENTIRE LENGTH of first metacarpal bone, radial surface
58
opponens pollicis -- action
opposition of thumb at carpometacarpal joint
59
opponens pollicis -- nerve
median nerve
60
adductor pollicis -- general location
- largest of the thumb's short myo
| - lies deep along palmar surface (can sometimes be felt in web of hand b/w thumb + forefinger)
61
adductor pollicis -- origin
- capitate
| - 2nd + 3rd metacarpals
62
adductor pollicis -- insertion
base of proximal phalanx of thumb
| abductor pollicis brevis + flexor pollicis brevis also insert here
63
adductor pollicis -- action
adduct thumb (carpometacarpal + metacarpophalangeal joints)
64
adductor pollicis -- nerve
ulnar nerve (exception)
65
lumbricals of hand -- general location
- sprout from sides of flexor digitorum profundus tendons on palmar side of hand
- myo are on palmar surface but tendons insert on dorsal side (allowing for extension)
66
lumbricals of hand -- actions
- extend fingers 2 thru 5 (interphalangeal joints)
| - flex fingers 2 thru 5 (metacarpophalangeal joints)
67
palmar interossei -- general location
b/w the metacarpals, deep to the lumbricals
| none on middle finger, since their function is to adduct toward the middle finger
68
palmar interossei -- action
adduct the thumb, 2nd, 4th + 5th fingers toward the middle finger
69
dorsal interossei -- general location
hand's dorsal surface b/w metacarpals
70
dorsal interossei -- origin
adjacent sides of all metacarpals
71
dorsal interossei -- insertion
- base of proximal phalanx of 2nd, 3rd + 4th fingers (attaches to 3rd finger on both sides)
- extensor aponeurosis
72
dorsal interossei -- action
abduct the 2nd, 4th + 5th fingers away from middle finger (metacarpophalangeal joints)
73
hypothenar eminence
group of 3 short hand muscles along ulnar side of palm:
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
74
abductor digiti minimi -- general location
- most superficial of myo of hypothenar eminence
| - extends from pisiform to base of pinky
75
abductor digiti minimi -- origin
pisiform
76
abductor digiti minimi -- insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger (pinky)
77
abductor digiti minimi -- action
abduct 5th finger (pinky)
78
abductor digiti minimi -- nerve
ulnar nerve
79
flexor digiti minimi brevis -- general location
- extends from hook of hamate to base of pinky
| - deep to abductor digiti minimi
80
flexor digiti minimi -- origin
hook of hamate
81
flexor digiti minimi -- insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger (pinky)
82
flexor digiti minimi -- action
flex 5th finger (pinky)
83
flexor digiti minimi -- nerve
ulnar nerve
84
opponens digiti minimi -- general location
- extends from hook of hamate to pinky blade of palm
| - deep to flexor digiti minimi brevis, which is deep to abductor digiti minimi
85
opponens digiti minimi -- origin
hook of hamate
86
opponens digiti minimi -- insert
shaft of 5th metacarpal
87
opponens digiti minimi -- action
opposition of 5th finger (carpometacarpal joint)
88
opponens digiti minimi -- nerve
ulnar nerve
89
radial collateral ligament
- prevents elbow from deviating laterally
- a cordlike band that stretches from lateral epicondyle of humerus to annular ligament + lateral side of ulna
- deep to supinator + extensors of forearm
90
lateral collateral ligament
- prevents elbow from deviating medially
- strong, triangular-shaped ligament that originates on the humerus' medial epicondyle, then attaches to coronoid process of ulna + olecranon process
- deep to common flexor tendon; superficial to ulnar nerve
91
interosseous membrane
- a thin but strong fibrous sheet that binds together the forearm bones
- serves as attachment site for several myo
- deep location
92
annular ligament
- "annular" b/c it wraps around head + neck of radius (conical shape means it gets tighter when you life heavy items)
- holds head of radius in place against ulna during pronation + supination (attaches to ulna)
- lies deep to supinator + extensor myo of forearm
93
problems with annular ligament
- "nurse maid's elbow" -- yanking at a kid's elbow
| - "little league elbow" -- throwing curve balls by twisting wrist, which destroys the elbow
94
flexor retinaculum
- located on palmar surface of wrist just distal to flexor crease
- along with carpal bones, form the carpal tunnel
- made of tough tissue + holds tendons intact close to bone
- think strong "Wonder Woman" wrist bands
95
olechranon bursa
- small bursa that pads the space b/w olecranon process + skin of elbow
- located just distal to triceps brachii tendon
- can become inflamed when elbow is irritated or struck by external object, resulting in olecranon bursitis or "student's elbow"
96
brachial plexus
- a network of nerve fibers that run from spine (C5-C8, T1) thru neck + axilla, into the arm
- supply brachium (upper arm), antebrachium (forearm) + hand
```
"plexus" = group of nerves
"brachial" = arm
```
97
which pollicis myo attach at base of proximal phalanx of thumb?
- adductor pollicis
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- extensor pollicis brevis
(basically, all pollicis brevis myo plus adductor pollicis)
98
nerves of thumb muscles
radial nerve: "anatomical snuffbox" myo (abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus + brevis)
median nerve: flexor pollicis longus + thenar eminence myo (abductor pollicis brevis, superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)
ulnar nerve: adductor pollicis + deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
99
which hand myo adduct + abduct fingers toward/away from 3rd finger?
- palmar interossei (adduct)
| - dorsal interossei (abduct)
