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ANATOMY: upper limb > Muscles of the forearm > Flashcards

Muscles of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

(distal-medial)

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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2
Q

Where is the common flexor origin (CFO)?

A

Anterior aspect of medial epicondyle

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3
Q

What is the function of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation of the forearm

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4
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexes the wrist

Abducts the wrist

Stabilises wrist in powerful finger movements

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5
Q

What is the function of the palmaris longus?

A

Flexes the wrist

Tenses palmar fascia

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6
Q

What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Adducts and flexes the wrist

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies the pronator teres?

A

Median

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median

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9
Q

Which nerve supplies the palmaris longus?

A

Median

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10
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar

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11
Q

Where is the origin of the pronator teres?

A

CFO

Distal part of supracondylar ridge of humerus

Medial aspect of coronoid process

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12
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

CFO

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13
Q

Where is the origin of the palmaris longus?

A

CFO

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14
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

CFO

medial margin of olecranon process of ulna

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15
Q

Where is the insertion of the pronator teres?

A

Maximum convexity of the radius at the midpoint of the lateral aspect of the bone

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16
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Bases of second and third metacarpals

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17
Q

Where is the insertion of the palmaris longus?

A

Palmar aponeurosis with a superficial tendon adherent to the flexor retinaculum

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18
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate and base of 5th metacarpal

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19
Q

What is the muscle in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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20
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Humero-ulanr head:
CFO

Coronoid process

ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint

Extended origin from radius

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21
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Radial and ulnar aspects of the base of the middle phalanx

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22
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexor of wrist and fingers (excluding distal interphalangeal joints)

Weak flexor of the elbow

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23
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median

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24
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor pollicus

Pronator quadratus

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25
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Ulna and adjacent interosseous membrane

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26
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Base of terminal phalanges

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27
Q

What is the function of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexion of interphalangeal joints, metacarpalphalangeal joints and the wrist

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28
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Median nerve (radial 2 fingers)

Ulnar nerve (ulnar 2 fingers)

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29
Q

Where is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior surface of distal radius

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30
Q

Where is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

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31
Q

What is the function of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexor of thumb

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32
Q

Which nerve supplies the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior branch of median nerve

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33
Q

Where is the origin of the pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior surfaces of distal radius and ulna

34
Q

What is the function of the pronator quadratus?

A

Pronation of forearm

35
Q

Which nerve supplies the pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseous branch of median nerve

36
Q

What are the 7 muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
Anconeus
Brachioradialis 
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum communis 
Extensor digiti minimi 
Flexor carpi ulnaris
37
Q

Where is the origin of the anconeous?

A

CEO

38
Q

Where is the CEO (common extensor origin)

A

Posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle

39
Q

Where is the insertion of the anconeous?

A

Lateral aspect of proximal ulna

40
Q

What is the function of the anconeous?

A

Pronation

Extends elbow

41
Q

Which nerve supplies the anconeous?

A

Radial

42
Q

Where is the origin of the brachioradialis?

A

Upper 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

43
Q

Where is the insertion of the brachioradialis?

A

Radial styloid process

44
Q

What is the function of the brachioradialis?

A

Flexes elbow in position midway between pronation and supination (drinking muscle)

45
Q

Which nerve supplies the brachioradialis?

A

Radial

46
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

47
Q

Where is origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

CEO

48
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Base of second and third metacarpals

49
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Base of second and third metacarpals

50
Q

Which nerve supplies the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve

51
Q

Which nerve supplies the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial

52
Q

What is the position of the wrist when the ECRL and ECRB act with the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Neutrally extended

53
Q

What happens to the wrist when the ECRL and ECRB act with the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Pulled into radial deviation

54
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor digitorum communis?

A

CEO

55
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor digitorum communis?

A

4 tendons: 1 in each phalange

56
Q

What is the function of the extensor digitorum communis?

A

Main extensor of fingers

57
Q

Which nerve supplies the extensor digitorum communis?

A

Posterior interosseous

58
Q

Where is the origin of the digiti minimi?

A

CEO

59
Q

Where is the insertion of the digiti minimi?

A

Medial aspect of dorsal expansion of little finger

60
Q

What is the function of the digiti minimi?

A

Extension of little finger

61
Q

Which nerve supplies the digiti minimi?

A

Posterior interosseous

62
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

CEO

subcutaneous border of ulna

63
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Base of 5th metacarpal

64
Q

What is the function of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extends or adducts hand at the wrist

65
Q

Which nerve supplies the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Posterior interosseous

66
Q

What are the 5 muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicus longus 
Extensor pollicus brevis
Extensor pollicus longus 
Extensor indicus
67
Q

Where is the origin of the supinator

A

Supinator crest of ulna, distal to radial notch

68
Q

Where is the insertion of the supinator?

A

lateral aspect of proximal shaft of radius

69
Q

What is the function of the supinator?

A

Supination

70
Q

Which nerve supplies the supinator?

A

Posterior interosseous

71
Q

Where is the origin of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Proximal dorsum of ulna

interosseous membrane

Dorsum of mid portion of radius

72
Q

Where is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Lateral aspect of base of thumb metacarpal

73
Q

What is the function of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Abducts an extends thumb

Abducts wrist

74
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

dorsum of radius, adjacent to AbPL

adjacent part of interosseous membrane

75
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Base of proximal phalanx of the thumb

76
Q

What is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints

77
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Dorsum of ulna, distal to AbPL

Adjacent part of interosseous membrane

78
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Dorsum of base of terminal phalanx of thumb

79
Q

What is the function of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Extends metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of thumb

Extensor of wrist

80
Q

Where is the origin of the extensor indicis?

A

Posterior aspect of ulna

interosseous membrane

81
Q

Where is the insertion of the extensor indicis?

A

Dorsal expansion of index finger

ANATOMY: upper limb (7 decks)

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