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Anatomy 1 > Muscles of the Back > Flashcards

Muscles of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 muscles is the Erector Spinae composed of?

A

Composed of three muscular columns (lateral to medial): iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

(Erector spinae known as “antigravity” muscles)

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2
Q

Common origin for the Erector Spinae

A

dorsal sacrum, iliac crest, and spinous processes

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3
Q

Innervation of Erector Spinae

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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4
Q

Action of Erector Spinae

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column and head
Bilateral: extension of vertebral column and head

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5
Q

Origin of Iliocostalis

A

Common origin and ribs

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6
Q

Action of Iliocostalis

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
Bilateral: extension of vertebral column
Depression of ribs

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7
Q

Insertion of Iliocostalis

A 
Ribs
Transverse processes (cervical)
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8
Q

Innervation of Iliocostalis

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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9
Q

Action of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Adduction of arm
Extension of arm
Medial rotation of arm

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10
Q

Origin of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Sacral and lumbar spines via thoracolumbar fascia
Ilium (iliac crest) via thoracolumbar fascia
Ribs (lower four)
Spinous processes of T6-12 vertebrae
Scapula (inferior angle)

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11
Q

Insertion of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Humerus (floor of intertubercular sulcus)

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12
Q

Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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13
Q

Action of Levator Scapulae

A

Elevation of scapula (e.g., shrugging shoulders)
Inferior rotation of scapula (directing glenoid fossa inferiorly)
Lateral flexion of neck (when scapula fixed)

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14
Q

Origin of Levator Scapulae

A

Transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae

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15
Q

Insertion of Levator Scapulae

A

Scapula (superior angle and medial border)

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16
Q

Innervation of Levator Scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

Ventral rami of C3-4 spinal nerves

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17
Q

Action of Longissimus

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column and rotation of head to same side
Bilateral: extension of vertebral column and head
Depresses ribs

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18
Q

Origin of Longissimus

A

Iliac crest
Dorsal sacrum
Sacral and lumbar spinous processes
Supraspinous ligament

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19
Q

Insertion of Longissimus

A

Transverse processes (cervical and thoracic), ribs, and mastoid process

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20
Q

Innervation of Longissimus

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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21
Q

Action of Rhomboid Major

A

Retraction (adduction) of scapula

Elevation of scapula

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22
Q

Origin of Rhomboid Major

A

Spinous processes of T2-5 vertebrae

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23
Q

Insertion of Rhomboid Major

A

Scapula (medial border)

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24
Q

Innervation of Rhomboid Major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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25
Q

Action of Rhomboid Minor

A

Retraction (adduction) of scapula

Elevation of scapula

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26
Q

Origin of Rhomboid Minor

A

Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae

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27
Q

Insertion of Rhomboid Minor

A

Scapula (medial border)

28
Q

Innervation of Rhomboid Minor

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

29
Q

Action of Semispinalis Capitis

A

Unilateral: rotation of head to opposite side
Bilateral: extension of head and neck

30
Q

Origin of Semispinalis Capitis

A

Transverse processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

31
Q

Insertion of Semispinalis Capitis

A

Occipital bone

32
Q

Innervation of Semispinalis Capitis

A

Cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

33
Q

Action of Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Depression of ribs 9-12

34
Q

Origin of Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae

35
Q

Insertion og Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Ribs 9-12 (Inferior border)

36
Q

Innervation of Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Ventral rami of T10-11 spinal nerves (intercostal nerves)

Ventral ramus of T12 spinal nerve (subcostal nerve)

37
Q

Action of Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Elevation of ribs 2-5

38
Q

Origin of Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae

39
Q

Insertion of Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Ribs 2-5 (superior border)

40
Q

Innervation of Serratus Posterior Superior

A

Ventral rami of T1-3 spinal nerves (intercostal nerves)

41
Q

Action of Spinalis

A

Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
Bilateral: extension of vertebral column

42
Q

Origin of Spinalis

A

Spinous processes and nuchal ligament

43
Q

Insertion of Spinalis

A

Spinous processes (cervical and thoracic) and occipital bone

44
Q

Innervation of Spinalis

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

45
Q

Action of Splenius Capitis

A

Unilateral: rotation of head to same side
Bilateral: extension of head and neck

46
Q

Origin of Splenius Capitis

A

Nuchal ligament
Vertebra prominens (C7 spinous process)
Spinous processes of T1-3 vertebrae

47
Q

Insertion of Splenius Capitis

A 
Temporal bone (mastoid process)
Occipital bone (superior nuchal line)
48
Q

Innervation of Splenius Capitis

A

Dorsal rami of C3-5 spinal nerves

49
Q

Thoracolumbar Fascia - Structure/Function

A

Located in the back
Deep fascia
Has three layers: anterior, middle, and posterior
Latissimus dorsi attached to posterior layer
Thoracolumbar fascia invests (surrounds) deep muscles of back and trunk, and is continuous with deep fascia on back of neck

50
Q

Action of Trapezius

A

Upper fibers: elevation of scapula; superior rotation of scapula (glenoid cavity directed superiorly)
Middle fibers: retraction (adduction) of scapula
Lower fibers: depression of scapula

51
Q

Origin of Trapezius

A

Occipital bone (superior nuchal line)
Nuchal ligament
Vertebra prominens (spinous process of C7 vertebra)
Spinous processes of T1-12 vertebrae

52
Q

Insertion of Trapezius

A

Clavicle (lateral)

Scapula (spine and acromion)

53
Q

Innervation of Trapezius

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

54
Q

Location of Nuchal Ligament

A

Midline of posterior neck

Covers spinous processes of C2-6 vertebrae

55
Q

Nuchal Ligament is attached to what structures?

A

Attached structures include trapezius and splenius capitis muscles

56
Q

Action og Splenius Cervisis

A

Unilateral: rotation of head to same side
Bilateral: extension of head and neck

57
Q

Origin of Splenius Cervisis

A

Spinous processes of T3-6 vertebrae

58
Q

Insertion of Splenius Cervisis

A

Transverse processes of C1-3 vertebrae

59
Q

Innervation of Splenius Cervisis

A

Dorsal rami of C3-5 spinal nerves

60
Q

Action of Multifidus

A

Stabilize vertebrae
Bilateral: extension of vertebral column
Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
Unilateral: rotation of vertebral column

61
Q

Origin of Multifidus

A

Sacrum (posterior)
Aponeurosis of erector spinae muscle
Lumbar vertebrae: mammillary processes
Thoracic vertebrae (T1-3): transverse processes
Cervical vertebrae (C4-7): articular processes

62
Q

Insertion of Multifidus

A

All vertebrae (spinous processes)

63
Q

Innervation of Multifidus

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

64
Q

Action of Rotatores

A

rotation of the superior vertebrae to opposite side
(Functionally, they probably serve a proprioceptive role rather than
biomechanical role)

65
Q

Origin of Rotatores

A

Transverse process of vertebrae

66
Q

Insertion of Rotatores

A

Base of spinous process (Inferior to vertebrae of origin)

67
Q

Innervation of Rotatores

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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