Muscles Of The Anterior abdominal Wall

Question 1

Origin of external Oblique

Answer 1

8 fleshy fibre from the shaft of the lower 8 ribs

Upper 4 interdigital with serratus anterior
Lower 4 latissimus dorsi

Question 2

Direction fo external oblique

Answer 2

Downwards forwards medially↘️!

Question 3

Insertion of external oblique

Answer 3

Broad aponeurosis 1.Xiphoid process
2.Linea alba tendinous, fibrous raphe that runs vertically down the midline of the abdomen. It extends between the inferior limit of the sternum and the pubis, separating the rectus abdominis muscles.

3. Pubic symphysis
4. Pubic crest
5. Pectineal line of pubis

Lower Fibres - Ant 2/3rds of outer lip of iliac crest

Question 4

Nerve supply EOM

Answer 4

Lower 6 thoracic

Question 5

Structures formed from EOM

Answer 5

The free inferior margin between the ASIS and pubic tubercle fold upon itself to form INGUINAL LIGAMENT

Between linea semilunaris and linea Alba helps to form anterior wall of rectus sheath

Just above pubic crest, EOM Aponeourosis has a triangular aperture - Superfical INGUINAL RING

Question 6

Free ends of EOM

Answer 6

Upper and Posterior

Inferior involved in inguinal ligament

Question 7

Functions of EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

Answer 7

Lateral flex ion with internal oblique

Rotation of trunk wihh the internal oblique

Question 8

Origin of internal oblique

Answer 8

Lateral 2/3 INGUINAL LIGAMENT
Anterior 2/3 intermediate area of iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia

UPWARDS FORWARDS MEDIALLY

Question 9

Insertion

Answer 9

Uppermost- Lower 3-4 Ribs
Rest- 7,8,9 costal cartilage 
          Aponeurosis
         Ciphoid process
        Linea Alba 
        Pubic crest
        Pectineal line of pubis

DOESNOT EXTEND BEYOND COSTAL MARGIN

Question 10

Nerve supply of IOM

Answer 10

T7-T12 L1

Question 11

Structures formed by IOM

Answer 11

Aponeurosis helps in formation of rectus sheath
Con joint tendon
Cremaster muscle

Question 12

What is Conjoint tendon or falx inguinalis

Answer 12

formed by fusion of aponeurotic fibres of Internal oblique and transversus

Attachment: pubic crest and medial part of pectin pubis
Medially: anterior wall of rectus sheath
Laterally:Free

Function: strengthens abdominal wall where it’s weakened by the superficial inguinal ring

Question 13

What is interfoveolar ligament

Answer 13

Inconstant ligamentous band
Continuous with conjoint tendon sometimes
Connects lower border of transversus to superior ramps of pubis

Question 14

Origin of transversus abdominis

Answer 14

Lateral 2/3 Inguinal L
Any 2/3 inner lip of iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia
Inner surface of lower 6 costal cartilage

Question 15

Insertion

Answer 15

Broad aponeurosis

Question 16

Nerve supply

Answer 16

T7-T12 L1

Question 17

Neuromuscular structures are present between

Answer 17

Internal and transversus

Question 18

Rectus abdominus

Answer 18

O: lateral head- lateral part of pubic crest
Medial head- medial part of pubic crest
Anterior pubic ligament

I: along a horizontal line passing laterally from xiphoid 7,6,5 costal cartilage

Question 19

Nerve supply

Answer 19

T7-T12

Question 20

Tendinous intersections

Answer 20

Transverse fibrous bands 3
Umblicus
Xiphoid process
Thirds between 2

Represent segmental origin of muscle

Functionally make muscle more powerful
Preventing bow string of rectus abdominus

Question 21

Functions

Answer 21

Support of abd viscera against gravity- TONE OF OBLIQUE MUSCLES

EXPULSIVE Acts- oblique and transversus by compressing abd viscera

Forceful exploratory acts- External oblique by compressing and depressing lower part of thorax

Question 22

Movements of abdomen

Answer 22

Lateral flex ion- obliques
Rotation obliques
Flexion of trunk- rectus abdominus

Question 23

Nerve supply of cremaster muscle

Answer 23

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerveL1

Question 24

Actions of cremaster

Answer 24

Sup spends the testes
Elevate testes
Close superficial inguinal ring when intrabd pressure increases

Question 25

Cremaster reflex

Answer 25

Stroking of upper part of medial side of thigh reflex contraction of cremaster muscle More in children Lesions over L1 reflex lost

Question 26

Origin and insertion of cremaster

Answer 26

Origin Lateral part: Lower edge of internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles, inguinal ligament Medial part: Pubic tubercle, lateral part of pubic crest Insertion Tunica vaginalis of testis

Question 27

Blood supply

Answer 27

Blood supply | Cremasteric branch of inferior epigastric artery

Question 28

Pyramidalis

Answer 28

Anterior surface of body of pubis to linea Alba

Question 29

Inguinal ligament

Answer 29

Lateral half rounded and oblique | Medial grooved horizontal

Question 30

Attachments of inguinal ligament

Answer 30

Lower border- fascia lata Upper surface - lateral 2/3 origin IOM Lateral 1/3 transversus abdominus Middle cremaster

Question 31

Relations

Answer 31

Upper grooved surface - floor of inguinal canal

Question 32

Extensions of inguinal ligament

Answer 32

1.Pectineal part of inguinal ligament ``` Trainglular Anteriorly- medial end of inguinal ligament Post- pecten pubis Medially femoral ring Apex pubic tubercle ``` Function supports spermatic cord 2. pectineal ligament or ligament of Cooper- extension from post part of base of lacunar ligament 3. Reflected part of inguinal ligament- interlace with those of opposite side 4. intercrural fibres arise from middle of inguinal ligament. Arch over it to keep it’s crura together.

Question 33

Visceroptosis

Answer 33

Loss of tone of abdominal muscles due to lack of exercise resulting in protrusion of wall

Question 34

Safest incisions in any abdominal wall

Answer 34

Paramedian safer than medial because laterally the rectus is retracted to protect the nerves supplying it.

Question 35

Infraunblical median incisions better than supraunblical

Answer 35

Infra close approximation of rectus prevents ventral hernia Supra through linea alba- bloodless Ventral hernia changes more

Question 36

Why does tubercular infection of lung and pleura cause pain in abdomen

Answer 36

Supplied by T7-T12 L1

Question 37

Effect of peritonitis and respiration on abdominal muscles

Answer 37

Reflex contraction Contraction

Question 38

Examination of muscles

Answer 38

Knees and hips flexed