Muscles of Hip + Thigh

Question 1

What are the major muscles arising from 1) inside the pelvic basin 2) Outside the pelvic basin

Answer 1

1) iliacus

2) gluteal muscles

Question 2

What’s the angle of inclination for the femur?

Answer 2

the angle between the neck and the shaft, which is approximately 120 degrees

Question 3

what are the muscles inserting into the fascia lata?

Answer 3

glu max posteriorly

tensor fascia lata anteriorly

Question 4

What are the actions of glut max?

Answer 4

extension of the hip

lateral rotation of the hip

Question 5

What are the actions of tensor fascia lata?

Answer 5

hip flexion and medial rotation

Question 6

What is the origin and insertion of glut max?

Answer 6

arises from the back of sacrum and the posterior gluteal line

insert into fascia lata (iliotibial tract) and the gluteal tuberosity

Question 7

Where is the gluteal tuberosity?

Answer 7

inferior to the greater trochanter

Question 8

T/F glut max mainly helps us to walk on level ground

Answer 8

False, it is a powerful muscle that helps us to move from flexion to standing position

Question 9

T/F Glut medius arises medial to glut minimus on the pelvic gluteal surface

Answer 9

True, and medius will be superficial to minimus

Question 10

What are the actions of glut medius and minimus

Answer 10

main abductor of the thigh

medial rotation of the thigh (because it attaches to anterior greater trochanter)

Question 11

Where is piriformis?

Answer 11

triangular muscle inferior to glut minimus

Question 12

What is the origin and insertion of piriformis?

Answer 12

arises inside the pelvis, exit the GSN, insert lateral greater trochanter

Question 13

What’s the function/action of piriformis?

Answer 13

abduction of the hip

also serves as a organising structure for neurovascular structures

Question 14

Which muscles are inferior to piriformis?

Answer 14

obturator internus and the superior/inferior gemelli

Question 15

Which muscle is directly posterior to the hip joint?

Answer 15

quadratus femoris

Question 16

What’s the course of diretion of sartorius?

Answer 16

infero-medial

Question 17

What’s the action of sartorius?

Answer 17

muscle for checking dog poo

Question 18

Which muscle can be found above the line set by sartorius?

Answer 18

iliopsoas, into the lesser trochanter medially on the femur

pectineous and adductor muscles

Question 19

What is the function of iliopsoas?

Answer 19

hip flexion

important for posture control + maintaining normal lumbar lordosis

Question 20

How is pectineous a “transitional muscle”

Answer 20

it has components in anterior and medial compartments of the thigh, hence has dural nerve supply

Question 21

What are the actions of pectineous?

Answer 21

anteriorly, it is a hip flexor

medially, it is an adductor

Question 22

Where do the quads muscles insert into?

Answer 22

tibial tuberosity anteriorly on the tibia, via the patella

Question 23

What are the four quad muscles?

Answer 23

vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius

rectus femoris

Question 24

How does rectus femoris oppose the action of vastus medialis?

Answer 24

contraction of RF on patella tend to displace the patella laterally. VM keeps the patella in place

Question 25

Does rectus intermedius insert into the quadraceps tendon?

Answer 25

yes, it has an anterior aponeurosis that blends wit hthe tendon

Question 26

Which quad muscle crosses two joints?

Answer 26

rectus femoris, classically for kicking a ball

Question 27

Which adductor muscle forms the medial border of the medial compartment?

Answer 27

gracilis

Question 28

T/F gracilis crosses two joints

Answer 28

True, it is the only muscle of the medial compartment that crosses hip and knee joints

Question 29

Where do adductors muscles arise from?

Answer 29

inferior ramus of the pelvis

Question 30

What are the 3 main adductor muscles and where do they insert into?

Answer 30

adductor brevis (proximal linear aspera)
adductor longus (distal LA)
adductor magnus (whole LA)

Question 31

How is adductor magnus another “transitional muscle”?

Answer 31

it shares action with hamstrings

origin extends to ischial ramus laterally, which travels vertically down to insert into adductor tubercle

Question 32

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?

Answer 32

semimembranosus
semitendonosus
biceps femoris

Question 33

Looking on the back of the thigh superficially, list the muscles from most medial to most lateral

Answer 33

Gracilis/adductor magus 
Semimembranosus 
Semitendonosus 
long head biceps 
iliotibial tracts

Question 34

Where do the hamstring muscles arise from?

Answer 34

all from ischial tuberosity aside from short head of biceps, arising on linear aspera

Question 35

Where does biceps femoris insert into?

Answer 35

head of fibula

Question 36

Which muscles insert into the proximal tibia as pes anserinus?

Answer 36

sartorius
gracilis
semi-tendinosus

Question 37

Where does the semimembranosus muscle insert into?

Answer 37

medial condyle of the tibia