Muscles of Hip + Thigh Flashcards
What are the major muscles arising from 1) inside the pelvic basin 2) Outside the pelvic basin
1) iliacus
2) gluteal muscles
What’s the angle of inclination for the femur?
the angle between the neck and the shaft, which is approximately 120 degrees
what are the muscles inserting into the fascia lata?
glu max posteriorly
tensor fascia lata anteriorly
What are the actions of glut max?
extension of the hip
lateral rotation of the hip
What are the actions of tensor fascia lata?
hip flexion and medial rotation
What is the origin and insertion of glut max?
arises from the back of sacrum and the posterior gluteal line
insert into fascia lata (iliotibial tract) and the gluteal tuberosity
Where is the gluteal tuberosity?
inferior to the greater trochanter
T/F glut max mainly helps us to walk on level ground
False, it is a powerful muscle that helps us to move from flexion to standing position
T/F Glut medius arises medial to glut minimus on the pelvic gluteal surface
True, and medius will be superficial to minimus
What are the actions of glut medius and minimus
main abductor of the thigh
medial rotation of the thigh (because it attaches to anterior greater trochanter)
Where is piriformis?
triangular muscle inferior to glut minimus
What is the origin and insertion of piriformis?
arises inside the pelvis, exit the GSN, insert lateral greater trochanter
What’s the function/action of piriformis?
abduction of the hip
also serves as a organising structure for neurovascular structures
Which muscles are inferior to piriformis?
obturator internus and the superior/inferior gemelli
Which muscle is directly posterior to the hip joint?
quadratus femoris
What’s the course of diretion of sartorius?
infero-medial
What’s the action of sartorius?
muscle for checking dog poo
Which muscle can be found above the line set by sartorius?
iliopsoas, into the lesser trochanter medially on the femur
pectineous and adductor muscles
What is the function of iliopsoas?
hip flexion
important for posture control + maintaining normal lumbar lordosis
How is pectineous a “transitional muscle”
it has components in anterior and medial compartments of the thigh, hence has dural nerve supply
What are the actions of pectineous?
anteriorly, it is a hip flexor
medially, it is an adductor
Where do the quads muscles insert into?
tibial tuberosity anteriorly on the tibia, via the patella
What are the four quad muscles?
vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius
rectus femoris
How does rectus femoris oppose the action of vastus medialis?
contraction of RF on patella tend to displace the patella laterally. VM keeps the patella in place
Does rectus intermedius insert into the quadraceps tendon?
yes, it has an anterior aponeurosis that blends wit hthe tendon
Which quad muscle crosses two joints?
rectus femoris, classically for kicking a ball
Which adductor muscle forms the medial border of the medial compartment?
gracilis
T/F gracilis crosses two joints
True, it is the only muscle of the medial compartment that crosses hip and knee joints
Where do adductors muscles arise from?
inferior ramus of the pelvis
What are the 3 main adductor muscles and where do they insert into?
adductor brevis (proximal linear aspera) adductor longus (distal LA) adductor magnus (whole LA)
How is adductor magnus another “transitional muscle”?
it shares action with hamstrings
origin extends to ischial ramus laterally, which travels vertically down to insert into adductor tubercle
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?
semimembranosus
semitendonosus
biceps femoris
Looking on the back of the thigh superficially, list the muscles from most medial to most lateral
Gracilis/adductor magus Semimembranosus Semitendonosus long head biceps iliotibial tracts
Where do the hamstring muscles arise from?
all from ischial tuberosity aside from short head of biceps, arising on linear aspera
Where does biceps femoris insert into?
head of fibula
Which muscles insert into the proximal tibia as pes anserinus?
sartorius
gracilis
semi-tendinosus
Where does the semimembranosus muscle insert into?
medial condyle of the tibia
