Hip Joint Flashcards
T/F Hip joint is very mobile and unstable like the shoulder joint
False, it is the most mobile and stable joint of the body
What are the three hip bones?
ischium, ileum, pubis
What’s the name of the joint socket?
acetabulum
Which parts of the acetabulum is non-articular
the notch and the fossa
T/F the bony structure of acetabulum is a complete circle
False, the bony structure forms a lunate surface. Only Cartilage forms the complete circle
T/F the fat pads of hip joint are intra-articular but extra-synovial
True
Is the fovea of the femur articular?
No, it is a site of ligament attachment by is non-articular
Where is the anatomical neck and what is it a site for?
Just below the head of the femur. it is a site of epiphysis
What are the holes of the femur neck for?
they are vascular foramina
Is the lesser trochanter more prominent anteriorly or posteriorly?
posteriorly
Where is the intertrochanteric line? What is its function?
it is located anteriorly at the base of the femur neck. It is a site of ligament attachments
Where is the intertrochanteric crest?
located posteriorly. It is an elevation medial to the greater trochanter
What are the two types of epiphysis?
pressure and traction epiphysis
where is pressure epiphysis formed?
at weight bearing sites
where is traction epiphysis formed?
at sites of muscle + ligament attachments
Which part of the femur head tend to lie outside of the socket? How is it protected?
the anterior part
It is protected by the psoas bursa
What is the direction of femural head into the socket
superiorly, medially and anteriorly
Which muscles arise from the ischial tuberosity?
hamstring muscles
What is Weaver’s bottom?
bursitis associated with the ischial tuberosity
How does the narrowing of the neck help hip movement?
there is greater room of movement at hip joint
What is the labrum made of?
fibrocartilage
How is fibrocartilage different to hyaline cartilage?
there is some peripheral vascular supply
What is the function of the ligament of the head of femur
direct branches of obturator artery to femoral head
What is the appearance of arcuate bundle?
trabeculae in either the vertical or lateral direction intersecting with each other
The loss of trabeculae usually leads to which condition?
osteoporosis
where does the line of gravity fall at the hip, knee and ankle
behind the hip joint
in front of the knee joint
significantly in front of the ankle joint
When is the femoral joint at maximum stability?
during extension, due to the tightening of iliofemoral ligament
At which position is it most likely to dislocate the hip joint?
during flexion
What are the internal and external ligaments for the femoral joint?
internal: zona orbicularis
external: iliofemoral, ischiofemoral and pubofemoral
what is the function of retinacular fibres
transmit blood vessels to the epiphysis and head of femur
What is Perthe’s disease?
avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Does medial rotation occur with flexion?
No, medial rotation occurs with hip extension, and lateral rotation occurs with hip flexion
What is trendellenberg gait?
person unable to keep the pelvis parallel, often due to abductor damage
Which nerves supply the
1) anterior
2) medial
3) posterior
aspects of the trunk
1) femoral
2) medial
3) sciatic
which four spinal segments are responsible for hip movements
L2, L3 for flexors
L4, L5 for extensors
Do the same lumbar branches go on to supply the knee joint?
Yes, so knee and hip movements can be coordinated
T/F You can have pain at the knee joint without any pathology
True, because you can get referred pain from the hip
What are the key arterial branches of the hip joint?
medial and lateral circumflex arteries of the profunda femoris
In which position is the capsule most susceptible to injury?
in crossed legged position
Why is there shortening of the limb in a femoral neck fracture?
the rotator muscles can spasm and pull in the femur
How does oesteoarthritis occur?
age -> loss of cartilage -> bones rub against each other -> develop osteophites
What is the usual pathology in congenital dislocation of the hip?
flattening of the femoral head and acetabulum
What is the test for congenital flattening of the acetabulum
adduct the hip to listen for the click (click = joint slipping in and out of the capsule)
What is the treatment for congenital dislocation
put legs into abduction to activate abductor magnus and bring the head back into the socket
