Hip Joint

Question 1

T/F Hip joint is very mobile and unstable like the shoulder joint

Answer 1

False, it is the most mobile and stable joint of the body

Question 2

What are the three hip bones?

Answer 2

ischium, ileum, pubis

Question 3

What’s the name of the joint socket?

Answer 3

acetabulum

Question 4

Which parts of the acetabulum is non-articular

Answer 4

the notch and the fossa

Question 5

T/F the bony structure of acetabulum is a complete circle

Answer 5

False, the bony structure forms a lunate surface. Only Cartilage forms the complete circle

Question 6

T/F the fat pads of hip joint are intra-articular but extra-synovial

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Is the fovea of the femur articular?

Answer 7

No, it is a site of ligament attachment by is non-articular

Question 8

Where is the anatomical neck and what is it a site for?

Answer 8

Just below the head of the femur. it is a site of epiphysis

Question 9

What are the holes of the femur neck for?

Answer 9

they are vascular foramina

Question 10

Is the lesser trochanter more prominent anteriorly or posteriorly?

Answer 10

posteriorly

Question 11

Where is the intertrochanteric line? What is its function?

Answer 11

it is located anteriorly at the base of the femur neck. It is a site of ligament attachments

Question 12

Where is the intertrochanteric crest?

Answer 12

located posteriorly. It is an elevation medial to the greater trochanter

Question 13

What are the two types of epiphysis?

Answer 13

pressure and traction epiphysis

Question 14

where is pressure epiphysis formed?

Answer 14

at weight bearing sites

Question 15

where is traction epiphysis formed?

Answer 15

at sites of muscle + ligament attachments

Question 16

Which part of the femur head tend to lie outside of the socket? How is it protected?

Answer 16

the anterior part

It is protected by the psoas bursa

Question 17

What is the direction of femural head into the socket

Answer 17

superiorly, medially and anteriorly

Question 18

Which muscles arise from the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 18

hamstring muscles

Question 19

What is Weaver’s bottom?

Answer 19

bursitis associated with the ischial tuberosity

Question 20

How does the narrowing of the neck help hip movement?

Answer 20

there is greater room of movement at hip joint

Question 21

What is the labrum made of?

Answer 21

fibrocartilage

Question 22

How is fibrocartilage different to hyaline cartilage?

Answer 22

there is some peripheral vascular supply

Question 23

What is the function of the ligament of the head of femur

Answer 23

direct branches of obturator artery to femoral head

Question 24

What is the appearance of arcuate bundle?

Answer 24

trabeculae in either the vertical or lateral direction intersecting with each other

Question 25

The loss of trabeculae usually leads to which condition?

Answer 25

osteoporosis

Question 26

where does the line of gravity fall at the hip, knee and ankle

Answer 26

behind the hip joint
in front of the knee joint
significantly in front of the ankle joint

Question 27

When is the femoral joint at maximum stability?

Answer 27

during extension, due to the tightening of iliofemoral ligament

Question 28

At which position is it most likely to dislocate the hip joint?

Answer 28

during flexion

Question 29

What are the internal and external ligaments for the femoral joint?

Answer 29

internal: zona orbicularis
external: iliofemoral, ischiofemoral and pubofemoral

Question 30

what is the function of retinacular fibres

Answer 30

transmit blood vessels to the epiphysis and head of femur

Question 31

What is Perthe’s disease?

Answer 31

avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 32

Does medial rotation occur with flexion?

Answer 32

No, medial rotation occurs with hip extension, and lateral rotation occurs with hip flexion

Question 33

What is trendellenberg gait?

Answer 33

person unable to keep the pelvis parallel, often due to abductor damage

Question 34

Which nerves supply the

1) anterior
2) medial
3) posterior

aspects of the trunk

Answer 34

1) femoral
2) medial
3) sciatic

Question 35

which four spinal segments are responsible for hip movements

Answer 35

L2, L3 for flexors

L4, L5 for extensors

Question 36

Do the same lumbar branches go on to supply the knee joint?

Answer 36

Yes, so knee and hip movements can be coordinated

Question 37

T/F You can have pain at the knee joint without any pathology

Answer 37

True, because you can get referred pain from the hip

Question 38

What are the key arterial branches of the hip joint?

Answer 38

medial and lateral circumflex arteries of the profunda femoris

Question 39

In which position is the capsule most susceptible to injury?

Answer 39

in crossed legged position

Question 40

Why is there shortening of the limb in a femoral neck fracture?

Answer 40

the rotator muscles can spasm and pull in the femur

Question 41

How does oesteoarthritis occur?

Answer 41

age -> loss of cartilage -> bones rub against each other -> develop osteophites

Question 42

What is the usual pathology in congenital dislocation of the hip?

Answer 42

flattening of the femoral head and acetabulum

Question 43

What is the test for congenital flattening of the acetabulum

Answer 43

adduct the hip to listen for the click (click = joint slipping in and out of the capsule)

Question 44

What is the treatment for congenital dislocation

Answer 44

put legs into abduction to activate abductor magnus and bring the head back into the socket